Thinking - Science topic

this interview of Hamelink by @Tabe Bergman made me think again, one important question or query or a topic or an issue.

Over the last 30 years or so, Derridean philosophers, or social scientists /this includes also a major portion of so-called 'postcolonial' trends/, seems to have formed a formidable following. It is an extremely large sect. Their attitude to Derrida is really a pseudo-religious.

Hamelink obviously failed to establish a school in Amsterdam, and from what I understood, he is part of a critical rationalist trend, broadly speaking, one we often relate to anylitical and post-Marxist (and republican) trends. Obviously, "Habermasian" following was not established, or even if it is, it is of such a minor influence (SOCIOLOGICALLY, in academia) that is nearly negligible.

I discussed on this once with M. Kettner, asking him to whom I should write to seek a funding, or position, if I really sincerely wanted to promote a discourse-ethical frame of theorizing. Prof. Kettner was not able to point with his finger to an instituion - of course, there is one something in Frankfurt, but, I wrote to them, and I never received a response.

Why do you think that is the case? I think this is due to 'vanity factor' that is widespread in academia. When you tell them, well, there may be several different versions of discourse-ethics, they kind of retreat, they dislike your position. :) Habermasians too operate on the basis of some primordial, 'father'-figure pseudo-theological thinking. And tend to think of 'discourse ethics' as 'a major German export', which is, of course, nonsense with a very bad cluster of consequences. (My colleague from Chicago De Paul once remarked at a conference: "To German philosophers, 'it was stated by Kant or Hegel' still counts as an argument.)

All of this leads me to the following, of course tentative conclusion: Derrideans are much more skillful with social organizing, and with the basic forms of academic solidarity. They really act like sect-members. This does not apply to 'Habermasians' (Or Apelians, which is historically more accurate). In other words, as human beings, we are all egocentric, proud, and like any mirror-image. It's just that some philosophers, and social scientists, may be more supported by the external environment (the late-capitalism factor with a super-liberal credo which is postmodernist including a large military-industrical-farmaceutical sector in US and Europe), and also may be more skilfull with compensating for the weakness of their arguments by the sheer 'loudness' i.e. 'spread' of their voice.

Any opinion on this is welcome. Thank you for your feedback.

In most of the literature I am reading at the moment, the abbreviation μg m⁻² h⁻¹ is used to express mean annual fluxes of greenhouse gases. I am confused by the "h" and supposed it stands for "hour". But I find it a bit strange that annual rates are given per hour and think I am missing something...?

Thanks for your answers!

Hi ,

in my study I will compare the effectiveness of Al generated feedback and traditional feedback in writing lesson.It will be a quasi-experimental design,but l have 3 classes not two.What should I do? Is it better to work with just 2 classes? I just worry about the sampling size one class consist of 25 students. As there is no random choice in quasi experimental if I add the third class, then if l am right I can not divide the students into a control and experimental group. While I was designing the study first I decided to apply a true experimental design,but l thought that it could be unethical or not generalizable so I changed my mind. I hope I am on the right way. Can you share your thoughts with me?

Ideas can easily expire if you don't write them down immediately or take action towards them. what is the estimated time for ideas to survive ideas in your perspective?

--------writing discussion-------

Most couples who rate their sex lives highly say they are proactive in sex. They think about when, where and how they’ll have it and think up new things to try. (Tracey Cox)

I'm thinking of how to increase biomass to replace plastic and industrial waste.

Do you think the use of virtual reality with dyslexia students is good?

Philosophy in the conventional meaning of the term came to an end with Hegel’s dialectics. Because, if the aim of all previous philosophy was to find the final, absolute, ultimate truth of the world; the ‘Mind of God’ etc.; Hegel’s dialectics has convincingly showed that such an aim can never be achieved. "The Infinite - As a Hegelian Philosophical Category and Its Implication for Modern Theoretical Natural Science":

Philosophy in the form of dialectics has to become an integral part of the positive empirical sciences (related to human social/historical practice, technology etc.) that originated with primitive man. But what was previously unconscious and rather instinctive, dialectics after Hegel becomes a consciously scientific method of acquiring positive Knowledge of the history of Man and the World, actively changing the world to progressively narrow the contradiction between the two, but without any end, ever. As Engels said, “What still independently survives of all former philosophy is the science of thought and its laws - formal logic and dialectics. Everything else is merged in the positive science of nature and history.' Anti-Dühring,

But what’s of post-Hegelian philosophy? If natural science, in spite of its phenomenal achievements still finds itself begging at the door of theology, it has the satisfaction of seeing philosophy sink lower still. Modern philosophy maintains (as Engels put it) a pseudo existence in the state appointed academia, where, position-hunting, cobweb-spinning eclectic flea-crackers occupy the chairs of philosophy. Instead of looking for profound truths in the wide world of nature and human society like their predecessors, these namesakes either work openly as the apologists of monopoly capitalism or look inwards to “self” (existentialism) or to language(linguistic philosophy) etc. ad nauseam to hunt for absolute truth.

Stephen Hawking is absolutely right when he says: “In the eighteenth century, philosophers considered the whole of human knowledge, including science, to be their field and discussed questions such as: Did the universe have a beginning? However, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, science became too technical and mathematical for philosophers, or anyone else except a few specialists. Philosophers reduced the scope of their inquiries so much that Wittgenstein, the most famous philosopher of this century, said, ‘The sole remaining task for philosophy is the analysis of language.’ What a comedown from the great tradition of philosophy from Aristotle to Kant!”. S Hawking, “A Brief History of Time”, Bantam Books, p. 174-175 (1990)

But it is modern natural science that is hiding its bankruptcy and confusion under the mystery of mathematics and like an ostrich is burying its head in the sand of causality and determinism. The philosophy of Heraclitus, Epicurus, Hegel, Marx and Engels means nothing to it. Modern natural science, has come under total subjugation of monopoly capital, and has dishonoured the great tradition set by Copernicus, Galileo and Darwin. A natural science, which was once inspired by the revolutionary bourgeoisie and created these giants of science, has now become a lap dog of reactionary/regressive monopoly capital. Modern natural science wants to bring back the absolutist and obscurantist science of feudalism to serve the interest of moribund monopoly capital. It is churning up a “complete theory” of exquisite mathematical beauty and of absolute validity for all eternity; a theory, which has no empirical foundation. Like modern philosophy, present day natural science has reduced its scope to mere application of the absolute truth it has attained in the realm of nature. Only those facts that conform to this truth are of interest to science, those that do not, remains in the realms of the Creator or at best are Kantian “thing in itself”. Thus, we have not only a “comedown from the great tradition of philosophy” but a comedown from the great tradition of natural science too.

G.W.F. Hegel said, “All that is real is rational; and all that is rational is real.”; but with the important qualification, “The reality proves itself to be the necessary in the course of its development.”

As Frederick Engels extrapolated on Hegel’s dialectical statement, “… so, in the course of development, all that was previously real becomes unreal, loses it necessity, its right of existence, its rationality. And in the place of moribund reality comes a new reality capable of living — peacefully if the old has enough intelligence to go to its death without a struggle; forcibly if it resists this necessity. Thus, the Hegelian proposition turns into its opposite through Hegelian dialectics itself: All that is real in the sphere of human history, becomes irrational in the process of time, is therefore irrational by its very destination, is tainted beforehand with irrationality, and everything which is rational in the minds of men is destined to become real, however much it may contradict apparent reality of existing conditions. In accordance with all the rules of the Hegelian method of thought, the proposition of the rationality of everything which is real resolves itself into the other proposition: ‘All that exists deserves to perish’ *”. "Ludwig Feuerbach"

"New Physics -The Negation of Einstein's Theories of Relativity The Real Phenomenology of Space-Time-Matter-Motion":

*The words of Mephistopheles in Goethe’s Faust:. “Alles was entsteht, Ist wert, daß es zugrunde geht!”

Updated information of my thoughts and activities.

This is meant to be a one-way blog, albeit you can contribute with your recommendations and comments.

I try to send papers to everyone who requests one and have a 93% rating. For over a year, I have received notices from ResearchGate that I have 18 open requests, including from a particular person. When I click to open them, they display only the 13 old requests from 2016 and 2017 that I never answered because I didn't understand how to do it then. But the current ones are not displayed. Why? I think it's too late to answer the ones from 2016-2017 but I do not want to indicate that I refuse them. Can they simply be deleted? Maybe they are somehow blocking the new ones that I will answer if I can see them.

Thank you.

James L. Bernat

I'm doing establish the cell line with selection marker puromycin(Sigma Aldrich). After transduction to HeLa cell using lentiviral vector which contain tet-pLKO-puro vector, I treated puromycin 0.5ug. I made puromycin cell media mixed with DMEM(10% FBS, 1%P/S) and puromycin. Also I changed puromycin cell media every 3-4days. But cells were all dead. So I mediate the puromycin concentration to 0.1ug. Also the cells were all dead. And then I mediate the puromycin concentration to 0.05ug. After treated puromycin concentration 0.05ug, the cells were all dead. So I extract genomic DNA from HeLa cell which transduction with lentiviral vector and doing PCR for detect puromycin resistance DNA sequence. The puromycin resistance DNA sequence was exist in HeLa cells.

I don't think the cells were dead because of contamination. Does anyone who can suggest successful puromycin treatment protocol?

It is generally believed that time dilation and length contraction is a geometric effect, is there anyone has tried to explain the time dilation and length contraction effect in a geometric way?

Albert Einstein is said to explain the time inflation effect in this way:

"When you sit with a nice girl for two hours you think it’s only a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute you think it’s two hours. That’s relativity."

The idea is: intuitively any thing, developed as a programming application, can be considered, directly or indirectly a component of some human activity: in some cases they describes/modify/substitute procedures of some kind of process, or an object, on which a human being acts, or a tool used for some kind of action, or it is related to some environment, where human activities take place, or a tool, working for humans, applied for achieving some human needed result.

On the other hand, Psyche is in the basis of all human activities (except those related to basic biological behavior), and in the human activities structure all their components are systemically related.

What do you think?

I am trying to obtain the instrumental broadening from my XRD equipment, and before buying a LaB6 NIST standard I wanted to try the KCl method from Scardi et al (1994). This method consists on sieving the KCl and treating it thermically to obtain a useful standard.

Regarding this I have two doubts:

The software I am using is the HighScore Plus.

Reference:

Scardi, P.; Lutterotti, L.; Maistrelli, P. Experimental Determination of the Instrumental Broadening in the Bragg–Brentano Geometry. Powder Diffr 1994, 9(3), 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715600019187.

I don't know.

1)

Warren C. Gibson. “Modern Physics versus Objectivism.” The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, vol. 13, no. 2, 2013, pp. 140–59. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.13.2.0140. Accessed 14 June 2024.

2)

I conducted a tensile test to analyze the strength of a welded joint and to implement an FEM model. Due to the high hardness of the base material, slippage between the grip and the base material was anticipated, so an additional jig was fabricated for the test. The specimen consisted of two base materials, each 50 mm wide and 120 mm long, connected by welding, with a total length of 240 mm. Since the strength of the welded joint was expected to be weaker and its area smaller compared to the base material, the deformation was anticipated to be localized to the welded joint.

In the test results, the specimen reached the fracture point after a total deformation of approximately 6 mm. However, as expected, the actual specimen exhibited deformation localized to the welded joint, with less than 1 mm of deformation (a difference of about 5 mm). Initially, I thought this error was caused by slippage between the grip and the jig, but after reading Han Lu's question, I reconsidered.

Han Lu's Question

:https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_calculate_Youngs_modulus_in_uniaxial_tensile_tests_conducted_with_or_without_an_extensometer

1) If there was no slippage between the grip and the jig, is it reasonable to think that the difference in deformation between the specimen and the test data(almost 5 mm) is due to the deformation of the machine?

2) If the deformation in the test data includes the machine deformation and thus cannot be trusted, can the maximum load be considered a reliable result?

3) Given that the length of the welded joint is quite short, should I consider using DIC or an extensometer to obtain accurate data?

In conclusion, the test was conducted to implement a model for FEM analysis, but I would like to know if such data can be used to create the model.

Thinking of the Elections coming up worldwide in 2024

As a manufacturing company, what do you think is the recommended budgetary system that can be used? And do you think using multiple budgetary systems would establish a balance and efficiency in business operations and cost management?

Hello everyone!

I'm working on some problems in Natural Language Processing. Now I've been working on Stance Detection. I have an idea but I'm not sure either it's useful or not.

I want to use RTE data (labels: "entailment", "contradiction", "neutral") for training Stance model. I think "entailment" and "contradiction" labels in RTE and "support" and "deny" labels in Stance are equivalent respectively.

I wonder if you think so. if not please give me some reasons for it.

Thanks alot in advance.

How do integrating online games into classroom settings can have a significant impact on the development of problem-solving skills and critical thinking among students with different learning styles?

Dumbphones are based on basic synchronous wireless communications rather than the VOIP used in smartphones apps, like WhatsApp....which is far cheaper.

Do you think that advertisements for dumbphones are seeking more earnings in this version of mobiles (which uses the synchronous portion of the mobile nets) ?

I read this amazing paper - African Languages and African Literature Cecilia A. Eme & Davidson U. Mbagwu DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v12i1.7

My argument is this: I strongly think that every African author is an individual with their own aspirations. Why would any author go through the pains of learning to write in African languages when they have a rich language like English for their stories?

I strongly think African authors are trying to do the work of the anthropologist. A novelist's job is to entertain his readers with interesting fictional events. I have never seen British authors coming together to write in old Shakespearian English collectively. That kind of English is lost and remains in old literature. Why should African languages be an exception? If we wish to preserve our languages in written form, let Historians and anthropologists do the job, not novelists.

I'm thinking to do some optimisation of geometric parameters using OpenFOAM to find 'best' design - for a non-profit project. Thinking of using CFD in combo with Machine Learning. Basically a massive parameter sweep using CFD then using those (hopefully) empirical results to predict in-between results via ML. Has anyone tried this before?

Hi everyone,

I am trying to design an experiment on how hypoxic environments affect antigen expression in cell cultures. Currently my lab only have T150 flasks with filtered caps and the best way i can think of is to occlude the filtered cap by wrapping it with 3 layers of parafilm.

Another way I can think of is to use a airtight vacuum sealed box. I would like to know if there is a better solution for creating a hypoxic environment for cell cultures?

I think there is no direct option to plot gain versus frequency in CST. kindly give solution

The field of systems neuroscience is feeling pretty good about itself. Volumes have been written on all the successes over the past half century, yielding many Nobel prizes. Some distinguished recipients have included David Hubel and Thorsten Wiesel for their work on the visual cortex and John O’Keefe, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard Moser for their work on the hippocampal formation. It is commonly accepted that the best worked out system in neuroscience is the visual system of primates (Schiller and Tehovnik 2015). Here are some sobering statistics, however. Of all the muscles in humans, only 12 are devoted to the control of eye movements for vision with the remaining 700 or so being dedicated to other behaviors. Furthermore, in a recent study that used electrical stimulation of 1,162 and 659 sites, respectively, in the neocortex and subcortex of humans(Sarubbo et al. 2020), it was found that up to 6% of sites were dedicated to oculo-visual functions. The majority of sites mediated skeleto-motor movements and somato-sensation (i.e., 49% and 37% for neocortex and subcortex, respectively) and language (i.e., 47% and 51% for neocortex and subcortex, respectively). The remaining sites (i.e., 3% and 6% for neocortex and subcortex, respectively) were involved in some aspects of cognition (see Footnote 1).

Accordingly, when a professor is talking and moving about delivering his or her lecture, expect some 96% of the neocortex and 88% of the subcortex to be engaged. In a recent study on locomoting mice it was discovered to the surprise of the investigators that much of the neocortex was active (Mausell et al. 2019). I am certain if these investigators had been studying subcortex in locomoting mice they would have found a similar result (see Footnote 2). Should we be awed that our most successful field of study, visual neuroscience, has been working at the tip of the iceberg, i.e., at 6%. On a more positive note, this 6% focus can now be used as a guide to how the neocortex and cerebellum, which represent over 95% of the neurons in the brain (Herculano-Houzel 2009), process the remaining behaviors to finish the work of Hans-Lukas Teuber (1916-1977) (Footnote 1).

Footnote 1: Some in cognitive science believe that the study of cognition (i.e., thinking) needs to be detached from the execution of body movements even if the movements are a consequence of thinking: reading, writing, speaking, painting, singing, dancing, and so on. Chomsky (2012) believes that ‘thinking’ is an exclusive human attribute and that its expression through language should never be conflated with communication. This mind-body apartheid has prevented cognitive scientists from fully embracing the comparative neuropsychological-neurophysiological tradition espoused by Hans-Lukas Teuber (1916-1977), the founder of the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT of which Noam Chomsky was an active participant.

Footnote 2: It has been known since the time of Sherrington (1906) that much of the brain is involved in movement control (Vanderwolf 2007), and in the case of humans, in movement and language control (Kimura 1993; Penfield and Roberts 1966).

I think physical = material + logical.What do you think?

how do I properly construct the structure of the compounds ? I think the issue in the optimization process

can someone guide me on how to do that correctly

Hello,

I am trying to use the linear finite element method combined with the Newmark method to calculate the dynamic response of a floating frame system. I don't want to use the modal superposition method in this code. So I build an equation of Md²x/dt²+Kx=F directly where F presents the external force. The stiffness matrix is established from the Euler beam.

The origin frame structure is a square that has a side length of 15 m and the cross-section of it is a circle whose diameter is 0.7m. A constant force of 1000N is set on the lower side of the square frame. When I set one of the points as a fixed point, the code seems to run well as shown in Fig.1.

However, when I make the frame a floating one, the beams start to deform unexpectedly as shown in Fig. 2. The length of the beam becomes much larger than 15 m. I think the stiffness is strong enough for such a structure as it hardly deformed in the fixed scenario.

I wonder if there must be a fixed point or if something else should be considered in solving the dynamic response of such a floating frame system.

Thank you for your reply.

I've been using Mendeley Desktop for many years and love it. But since I upgraded to Sonoma, Mendeley Desktop keeps crashing. If I double-click anything or if I use the "copy as" function (which I use to insert references), it just crashes and I have to force quit and restart it.

Is anyone else having similar problems and is there any way around them? I want to keep using Mendeley Desktop (and I dread the thought of migrating everything to another platform), but this is becoming too bad.

Media Imperialism, this is a phrase on negative note, this is about negatives of negative groups of people. People with immoral thoughts and nature, the groups and individuals ill play with fake, by falsify they apply excessive force, and with exaggeration they kind of create atmosphere of intimidation effect to create misleading impact.

Fatema Miah

Many researchers use the term of effect or impact but I think the have to use only relationship. What is your opinion?

I discovered that some people creates inadequate numbers of posts/questions related to the same field. These posts look like a scam. I reported several cases to RG administration and received the answers like that "thank for bringing us an attention," "we'll take appropriate measures," etc.

One of the recent example is the posts of Rk Naresh. He created 13 posts on May 24, 15 on May 23, 17 on May 22 and so on. He created totally 8975 posts and gave 11921 answers. All his answers are to his own posts. This is definitely "self- talking." I consider such a behavior as a misuse of the RG platform.

What do you think about such behavior? I guess that we can create a "Hall of Fame" of the most famous people in creating posts in RG forum? What is your opinion?

Are there any suggestions for quantitative and qualitative measures of the components of epistemic thinking (according to the AIR - Apt epistemic performance model)?

I'm excited to dive into this topic and explore the opportunities and challenges that the gig economy presents. I'd love to hear your thoughts on this topic, and I'm curious to understand more about how you think this shift will impact our work lives.

I'm working with Zeolites as electrode materials that exhibit battery-like behavior in three-electrode configuration. So, I did plots of peak current versus v1/2 used to calculate the slopes for the oxidation and reduction peaks. Now, I'd like to determine the diffusion coefficient from the Randles-Sevcik equation. The equation is:

ip = (2.687 x 105) n3/2 A D1/2 C v1/2

I've some questions:

1) I used 6M NaOH electrolyte, then, 0.006 mol cm-3 is the C for this equation? 2) I used Ni foam (1 cm x 1 cm), so, 1 cm² is the value of A? I don't think 1 cm² is the correct one to use in the equation because I think A is related to electrochemically active surface area. How can I determine ECSA? 3) What is value of n? I think n is the number of electrons involved in redox processes such as Zn2+ – e- → Zn3+ here n is one or not?

If there's one question designed to irk everyone and stop them in their tracks it's 'How do you know?'

Its pseudo scientific gravitas has done more to destroy the West than anything else apart from yoga.

How do I know?

Exactly.

One can even do it to oneself to over self-check one's thoughts.

So the question is not just 'How do you know?' but also how does one deal with the question 'How do you know?' AND the questioner.

I am wondering if anyone in industry or academics has found an easier way to search for academic groups with specific expertise. Are there any programs or websites available that help make this search easier? I am looking for an academic group with expertise in Bacillus subtilis enzyme production. I have used SubtiWiki, but the list of professors is incomplete or too old. Any comments or thoughts would be appreciated. ChatGPT has been not too helpful either.

RG citation score is frozen.

Anyone noticed that with his/her profile?

Currently, there are numerous blood biomarkers that have been linked to fractures and increased fracture risk (for example, IL-6). Considering the current evidence, which ones do you think are the most promising?

I think so because

Einstein's Other Theory of Everything - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfIY2vf7c04

This video fascinates me – I’ve watched it about four times so far. Albert Einstein may have failed to develop his Unified Field Theory simply because he was born a hundred years too early. Getting born later would have allowed mathematics like base 2 maths (binary digits), topology, imaginary numbers, and Wick rotation to reach a sufficient level of maturity. He could use his famous intuition and curiosity to include these in his UFT, and there would be no need to put all his eggs in one basket by relying solely on equations. Then again, Wick rotation may never have been developed without Special Relativity … so Einstein might have been born at the right time.

Prof. Dr. Thomas Buchert in France suggests the universe could be a doughnut and that no Big Crunch is required for an oscillating doughnut universe – the cosmos contracts, then it starts expanding again and a new universe is born. What would the universe do if it wasn’t a doughnut but was the similarly shaped Mobius strip? Would its dynamics be the same? And what if the Mobius shape wasn’t on the cosmic scale of billions of light years? A popular science book I read (“A Brief History of Time” by Stephen Hawking) says that quantum spin really tells us what a particle looks like. For example, all particles of matter have a spin of ½ which means they must be completely rotated twice (720 degrees) to look the same. You have to go round a Mobius twice to return to your starting point. I think this suggests the Mobius might be on an infinitesimal scale compared to the universe and might actually be a fundamental constituent of every particle of matter (indeed, of any particle with mass). If bosons are also composed of Mobius strips, there would be a supersymmetry between fermions and bosons in which their basic composition is identical. Photons might be simply made of trillions of Mobius strips while more complex gravitons might be made of trillions of units where two Mobius bands unite to form a figure-8 Klein bottle.

The particles would gain their mass, not from the Higgs field, but by following a 1919 paper by Einstein which asked if gravitation and electromagnetism play a role in composing elementary particles. The gravitons resulting from the Klein bottles and the photons resulting from Mobius strips could interact, producing momentum and pressure interpreted as mass. The matter particle’s quantum spin of ½ would be a result of the photon vector’s spin 1 being divided by the graviton vector’s spin 2 (William Rowan Hamilton defined his 1843 quaternions as the quotient of two vectors). Interaction can also produce 2/1 which is the quantum spin of the graviton. An assembly of countless gravitons might form the intense gravity of a black hole. Gravitation and electromagnetism alone could make the Unified Field. The strong and weak nuclear forces aren’t necessary to do this since photon-graviton interaction could produce the forces’ bosons. If the Mobius is a fundamental part of all fermions and bosons, isn’t that just a different way of saying it affects the entire universe (without being billions of light years in size)?

Let’s imagine the Big Crunch of a hypothetical oscillating cosmos doesn’t proceed all the way to an infinitely dense singularity (which it can’t if the universe is a doughnut or Mobius band). This is reminiscent of another sentence in that popular science book. Hawking said singularities and boundaries don’t occur in imaginary time. So the universe would have no beginning or end. It seems to me that imaginary time could possibly be an integral part of the universe. It would be part of the Mobius loop making up each of the particles (massive or force-carrying) in the universe.

At the start of the 20th century, physicist Max Planck assumed that electromagnetic radiation can only be emitted or absorbed in discrete packets, called quanta. He thought of his discovery as nothing more than a math device … a kind of trickery. Einstein developed his explanation of the photoelectric effect from this “mathematical convenience”. So it appears entirely possible that another supposed mathematical trickery (Wick rotation’s imaginary time and y-axis) will find practical application in the future.

Imaginary time might be represented mathematically by the real + imaginary numbers of Wick rotation – and it might be composed of the ones and zeros of base 2 maths encoding not only mass and real time on the x-axis but also dark matter and imaginary time on the y-axis. In physical terms, the mass and dark matter are produced by the curvilinear, rotating gravitational and electromagnetic waves of curved space-time. Binary base-2 maths’ string of ones and zeros also encode the Mobius, which can be seen as a loop possessing a twist or as a twisted string.

My paper has been published in European Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, vide Volume 4. No.6 ( 2023)

Ablation of the cerebellum does not abolish locomotion in mammals (Ioffe 2013); it merely induces atonia: body movements become clumsy with postural and vestibular deficits, which is related to the negation of both proprioceptive and vestibular input to the cerebellum, which encodes where the body is with respect to itself and the outside world, i.e., with respect to the gravitational axis (Carriot et al. 2021; Demontis et al. 2017; Fuchs and Kornhuber 1969; Lawson et al. 2016; Miles and Lisberger 1981). Animals have difficulty crossing a balance beam following complete cerebellar damage and the righting reflex is interrupted. Consciousness, which is a declarative attribute, is not affected following cerebellar damage (D’Angelo and Casali 2013; Petrosini et al. 1998; Tononi and Edelman 1998). As with cerebellar impairment, following neocortical ablation, locomotion is not eliminated but the sequencing of movement is severely affected (Vanderwolf 2007; Vanderwolf et al. 1978). Stepping responses can be evoked in spinal animals, but with a total loss of balance and muscular coordination since both cerebellar and neocortical support is now absent (Audet et al. 2022; Grillner 2003; Sherrington 1910).

Following a stroke that affected the left mediolateral and posterior lobes of the cerebellar cortex (including the left dentate nucleus), it was found that the subject (aged 72), a (right handed) war correspondent who had been versed in seven languages, could no longer communicate in his non-primary languages (see Fig. 1, Mariën et al. 2017): French, German, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, Hebrew, and Dutch (in the order of having learned the languages before the age of 40). Before the stroke, the subject used Dutch, French, and English regularly. After the stroke his primary language, English, remained intact. Most significantly, the day of the stroke, all thinking in the second languages was abolished (see Footnote 1). One day following the stroke, however, the French language returned. Nevertheless, the remaining secondary languages were abnormal. Reading was better preserved than oral and written language, likely because reading is dependent mainly on scanning a page with the eyes and having an intact neocortex for word comprehension (fMRI revealed language activations in neocortex and in the intact right cerebellar hemisphere, Mariën et al. 2017). Speaking and writing, on the other hand, are more dependent on the sequencing of multiple muscle groups, a task of the cerebellum (Heck and Sultan 2002; Sultan and Heck 2003; Thatch et al. 1992). When speaking or writing in a non-primary language, English words would intrude. The naming of objects and actions verbally was impaired, and writing was severely disrupted. When high-frequency visual stimuli (objects, animals, etc.) were presented visually (1 month after the stroke), identifying an object with the correct word surpassed 80% correctness for English, French, and Dutch, whereas it remained at under 20% correctness for German, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Hebrew. Since the execution of behavior depends on loop integrity between the neocortex and cerebellum (Hasanbegović 2024), it is highly likely that damage to the cerebellum undermined this integrity such that the least overlearned routines—German, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Hebrew—were disturbed. Note that a functional left neocortex (of the right-handed subject) with a preserved right cerebellum was sufficient to execute the overlearned languages—English, French, and Dutch.

Based on our understanding of cerebellar function, if the entire cerebellum (including the subjacent nuclei) were damaged in the subject, we would expect that even English, the primary language, would be compromised, and most importantly, the learning of a new language would be rendered impossible, given the dependence of behavioral executions (and learning) on intact neocortical-cerebellar loops (Hasanbegović 2024; also see: Sendhilnathan and Goldberg 2000b; Thach et al. 1992). Thus, thinking is affected by damage to neocortical-cerebellar loops, which concurs with the behavioral findings of Hasanbegović (2024).

Footnote 1: Self-report by the patient about the day of the cerebellar stroke: “I was watching television at my apartment in Antwerp when suddenly the room seemed to spin around violently. I tried to stand but was unable to do so. I felt a need to vomit and managed to crawl to the bathroom to take a plastic bowl. My next instinct was to call the emergency service, but the leaflet I have outlining the services was in Dutch and for some reason, I was unable to think (or speak) in any language other than my native English. I have lived in Antwerp for many years and use Dutch (Flemish) on a day-to-day basis. I called my son-in-law, who speaks fluent English and he drove me to Middelheim Hospital. We normally speak English when together. I understood none of the questions asked to me in Dutch by hospital staff and they had to be translated back to me in English. My speech was slurred. I had lost some words, I was aware of that, but I cannot recall which words. I made no attempt to speak any of the other languages I know, and in the first hours of my mishap happening, I do not think I realized that I had other languages.” (Mariën et al. 2017, p. 19)

Figure 1. Human cerebellar cortex. The mediolateral and posterior lobes are indicated. The mediolateral lobe of the cerebellum (right and left) is part of the cortico-frontal-cerebellar language loop (Stoodley and Schmahmann 2009), and cerebellar grey matter density in bilingual speakers is correlated with language proficiency (Pliatsikas et al. 2014). Typically, the innervation of the left neocortical language areas is strongest to the right cerebellum in right-handed subjects (Van Overwalle et al. 2023). Illustration from figure 8 of Tehovnik, Patel, Tolias et al. (2021).

We have been getting this black dots in our cell culture. But it is not affecting pH of media (no color change observed) until 4 or 5 days. Cells are attaining morphology within 24hrs but once the black dots starts to aggregate it won't reach confluency. We sort of think it is mycoplasma. Do anyone has same experience ?

I have a somewhat unusual study design where I need some advice on power calculation.

Between subjects, I have:

Exposure A

Exposure B

Exposure A+B

And I have measures obtained before and after exposure.

Now, this could be treated as a 3x2 design which gives a numerator df = 2. But that seems inefficient and I need to answer my research question with as few participants as possible. One could instead see it as two between subjects factors - exposure A (yes/no) and exposure B (yes/no) - which gives a numerator df = 1 and hence should allow inference based on a smaller sample. As I understand it, this option will essentially equal an approach where the effect of each between subjects factor is tested controlling for the effect of the other. I'm only interested in the main effects of the between subjects factors and the two-way between x within interactions. When I run preliminary analyses (RM ANOVA in SPSS) on the small set of data I have so far, these seem to yield the same test statistics for the effects of concern regardless of whether I enter Exposure B as a second between subjects factor or as a covariate.

I use G*Power for power calculations but there I can only specify the between subjects design in terms of the number of groups, as with the 3(between)x2(within) option. To get a power estimate for a 1df between subjects design I have to enter that I have 2 groups, corresponding to the case where Exposure B is treated as a covariate in a 2(between)x2(within) design. But then I have no way to consider the impact on power of the "covariate"? Is there a more appropriate way to estimate power for this analytic approach?

I will be very grateful for any thoughts on this!

I am doing my undergrad thesis that requires me to do PCR-RFLP analysis on DNA that I extracted from some blood samples. Initially, I was using the Qiagen mastermix for the optimization of my entire process using just 6 samples out of 100 samples. I successfully completed my optimization step, and got my desired results for those 6 samples. Once I have the measurements of the entire process i.e the amount of mastermix, forward priner, reverse primer, DNA template, and nuclease-free water along with the optimum annealing temperature for my selected primer, I proceeded on to doing the exact same thing on the remaining 96 samples serially. But I started encountering an unexpected error. For some reason, I started getting a faint band in my negative control(which only has nuclease-free water and no DNA template). At first I thought any of the reagents were contaminated, so I conducted a series of PCR reactions where in one I would use a freshly new mastermix, another time a fresh made working solution of primers and also an intact nuclease free water. In every PCR, I am getting a band in my negative control. Today I also tried using a mastermix of an entirely different company i.e. Takara Bio, but got the same results. I am just frustrated at this point. Can anyone help me figure out what is happening? How can I troubleshoot this and complete my thesis!

The hippocampus is necessary for the consolidation of recent memories, but the neocortex is important for the archival storage of these memories. This is borne out by studies in both humans and other animals (Frankland and Bontempi 2005). Replay during sleep, particularly during slow-wave sleep, is believed to be involved in the consolidation process at the neocortex (Dickey et al. 2022; Wilson and McNaughton 1994). Recall by mice of remote memories activates the prefrontal cortex, the frontal cortex, the anterior cingulate, the retrosplenial cortex, and the temporal cortex as evidenced with 14C-2-deoxyglucose (Bontempi et al. 1999), and expression of activity by the genes, c-Fos and Zif268 (Maviel et al. 2004). Initially, the hippocampus is thought to integrate information from distributed and independent cortical modules that represent various features of a task and then these features are fused to produce a coherent memory trace by strengthening connections between areas (Frankland and Bontempi 2005).

Imaging studies in animals have shown that hippocampal activity is suppressed when spatial and contextual memories are being recalled (Bontempi et al. 1999; Maviel et al. 2004), i.e., when stored memories are being combined with ongoing behavior. As well, the retrieval process is believed to utilize non-NMDA/glutamatergic circuits in the hippocampus (Nakazawa and Tonegawa 2004; Riedel et al. 1999). When neocortical memory is inconsistent with a new hippocampal memory, the hippocampus is re-activated to upgrade the stored neocortical memory (Frankland and Bontempi 2005), much like what happens for memory at the cerebellum: when there is a mismatch between the sensory inputs flowing via the mossy fibres and the inputs from the inferior olive, the learning process is reinstated [i.e., the complex spike firing is put outside of the 0.5-2 Hz window to alter simple-spike discharge, Loyola, De Zeeuw et al. 2019; Mukamel, Schnitzer et al. 2009; Tehovnik, Patel, Tolias et al. 2021].

For the sake of simplicity, it is best to think of neocortical memory as ‘sensory’ and cerebellar memory as ‘motor’, with the former having a sensory bias (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, vestibular, gustatory, olfactory, interoceptive) and the latter having a motor bias, represented by proprioception which is the sensory counterpart of ocular and skeletal movement (Chen 2019; Gibson et al. 2004; Tehovnik and Chen 2015). Cerebellar parallel fibres (from the granular neurons) interconnect the neocortex with the cerebellum via descending pontine information from the neocortex and the ascending thalamic information to the neocortex. Such loops of information are engaged for the execution of all behavior (Tehovnik, Hasanbegović, Chen 2024), even though reductionists have disconnected various component of the cerebellum to suggest that the cerebellar nuclei and the brain stem can operate independently of the cerebellar cortex once learning has been finalized (e.g., Miles and Lisberger 1981; Sendhilnathan and Goldberg 2000b). Such a contradiction (not that different from the ‘wave’ vs. ‘particle’ contradiction in physics) can best be appreciated by what happens during the generation of normal behavior: learning is never finalized since the minute you wake up in the morning, the brain is being subjected to new adaptive forces. And if you don’t believe me, try going to work with the exact same thoughts (Hebb 1949, 1961, 1968) as you had yesterday. We can all agree that on each day our brain experiences a newness that alters consciousness while preserving the historical record of self.

When I analyzed grades of undergraduates, some course taught via online platforms, their grades are lower than the physical lectures.

I want to know more about mineral deposits.

Can I change my reality with my thoughts and what is stopping you from turning your invention idea into a reality?

So, I want to extract bone marrow from mice for an experiment, but I don't need all tens of millions of cells that I would get. So I was thinking that I could freeze down the left over cells for future use. I would want to eventually culture the cells into eosinophils with SCF/Flt-3 and IL-5 media. But I've never frozen down freshly extracted bone marrow (or anything, actually) and neither has anyone in my lab. What would be the best procedure for this?

Im asking this to get understanding of what the experts think is research topics that is easy for me to do when i get to honours .A topic that needs research to be done .Im writing a concept and will attach it to my Hons Biokinetics and Hons Sports Sci application .I want to write this concept on a topic that a Bio and HP student can work on so if i get into either honours programme i can just get going with my research .Instead of writing two concept notes i just want to write one since it will be my first time writing it .Im going to write it up in my june holidays before semester 2 starts so i can apply to honours with it .Any advice would be appreciated

When preparing an article, you cannot change geographical names, species names and especially similar words in methodology. Can you share your thoughts on this issue?

Is sustainable development or social capital essential for Africa's socioeconomic transformation? Despite widespread preaching of sustainable development by institutions like the United Nations and NGOs, tangible progress has been lacking, akin to an overdue pregnancy—quantitative rather than qualitative. Is Africa still in need of this gospel or what it requires now not just sustainable development but robust social capital to achieve lasting socioeconomic transformation. My thinking. What is yours.

Just as in the human animal, and even more often than in the human animal, petting among the other mammals is primarily, although not exclusively, male activity which is directed toward the female. As in the human species, it is the male which is more likely to be aroused psychologically and usually before he makes any physical contact. (Alfred Kinsey)

PROBABLY not because:

1)

2)

3)

4)

Who do you think is the most famous, or rather influential, person in human history?

Hello,

I am a student from Vytautas Magnus University. I am currently writing my bachelor's thesis on decision-making styles and divergent thinking. I read your article about adapting its decision-making to another language. I wanted to ask, maybe you know which order the questions of the questionnaire are supposed to be in and could tell it to me?

Thanks for Your response in advance.

Regards,

Vitoldas

Department of Psychology

Faculty of Social Sciences

Vytautas Magnus University

Lithuania

# 126

Dear Alessio Ishizaka · Enrique MU

I read your paper

What is so special about the analytic hierarchy and network process?

My comments

First of all, I want to congratulate you for your extensive bibliographical search about AHP and ANP. I am impressed by the number of authors you mention in your paper, and by your comments.

However, it is only a bibliographic search enumerating papers written on AHP and ANP, but there is not a single line that justifies these methods, other than mentioning the large number of papers published, which is undisputable, and by far more than other MCDM methods

Obviously, you are an advocate of the method and wanted to make its virtues known, but you do not even mention its drawbacks, that outperform several times over those good attributes it may have. You mention multiple applications of AHP, the same as other methods that are not ‘special’, and no mention is done on AHP abundant limitations. Therefore, your analysis is biased.

Technically, AHP is a descriptive process, and as that irrational, considering that it is based on intuitions, very useful in many aspects of life, but normally useless when applied to serious MCDM scenarios, and thus, assuming that the DM judgements are applicable to real-life, and to thousands or millions of persons, against common sense and something that nobody can accept.

AHP is based on the wishes and moods of individuals pursuing what they perceive or feel, without reasoning, which is natural in many instances of our life, instead on addressing on what it ought to be as in normative rational methods, which not coincidently constitute the largest number of MCDM methods. In my opinion, AHP may be appropriate to personal decisions like selecting a restaurant or a site for and you say that it is due to easiness of uses and a vacation, but it has no place in complex scenarios. Simply, it cannot manage them.

However, as you mention, it is the most used MCDM method, due to its easiness, which is true, and to its rigorous mathematical base, which is false.

AHP is probably the easiest MCDM method to learn. The DM determines the criteria, alone or with experts, but curiously, without considering the alternatives they must evaluate, and then compares two criteria at a time and assign a value according to his intuition, and that is all.

Even if he does not reason ‘appropriately’, that is, transitively or consistently according to percentage, the software refutes him and -suggests’ a correction. The DM has no alternative but accept, as a robot, it does not matter if he agrees or not.

What the DM does not realize is that a decrease, for instance from 7 to 6, is not minor, due to the ratio or logarithm scale, the method remains silent about that. Please, correct me If I am mistaken.

In addition, one wonders, and AHP does not explain it, why the DM must be coherent or consistent in his/her estimates? As an example, if you must select among three restaurants A, B and C for dinner and comparing quality and price, and you already determined that for you, quality is three times more important than price, and for that reason, close A, that is, you prefer to lose some money to get a gain in quality.

Now you compare A and C and finds that C has also a good quality, but at a considerably lower price, and you decide that you prefer to lose a little quality, to get a gain in price. That is, you reversed your priorities.

Finally, comparing B and C you reach the conclusion that both have good quality and good price, so it is indistinct what you chose

Consequently, A>B=C>A, there is not transitivity here. And what is wrong with this analysis? Nothing, just human decision. This elemental example also shows two AHP errors.

First, it considers that weights are constant. As you can see, they could not be, and

Second, criteria depend on the alternatives, not the other way around. If you do not have alternatives, it means that always, and for everything, i.e., houses, trips, careers, cars, food, furniture, etc. you prefer quality on price.

A>B=C>A, does this mean that you must respect transitivity?

In AHP, it does not matter that the DM must judge on items on what he may not have the faintest idea, like comparing cost with contamination, cost with public health, or cost with manufacture, and thus, assuming that he must be an expert or knowledgeable in each area, or posses the expertise each stakeholder has in the company that owns the project. I think that you will agree that this is something hard to digest.

In my opinion you should explain which were the advances in AHP that you mention. Which advances, using fuzzy, or becoming hybrid with other methods like TOPSIS or DEMATEL, to name only some of them?

When you consider these serious hidden shortcomings. it is natural that people select AHP; it makes practitioners believe that complex problems can be solved by intuition. Reasoning, researching, consulting, examining? What for? That is unnecessary as per AHP standards. One of the things that bother the most in AHP it is the lack of rational explanations.

What happens if the scenario demands using Boolean notation, i.e., 1 or 0, or if there is precedence between alternatives, or if criteria are interrelated, or if some alternatives are exclusive and other inclusive, or if a criterion establishes conditions on another? According to AHP the solution is easy: Just disregard all of these irrelevant and annoying characteristics of the problem.Don’t worry, simply, ignore all of them; nobody will notice, because the results cannot be validated, since there is not a yardstick to compare to, and also because many journals’ reviewers will accept that and approve the manuscript, something extremely frequent.

Just read the abstracts of problems ‘solved’ by AHP in Scopus on in the Web. The most common is that they disregard something that Saaty said very clearly and in writing: AHP works only - and with reason - with independent criteria, something difficult to find in most real-life projects. Just for that simple fact most AHP solutions are invalid. By the way, it is very easy to prove that Saaty was right in this.

This is the reason of the ‘success’ of AHP. Nobody will discuss it, as nobody rebutted me when I denounced these things along my eight years in RG, and after 270,380 readings of my questions and answers, and 2,277 contributions as of today, according to metrics from this platform.

AHP was useful back in the 70s, but now it is history, ANP, based on the same principles and arbitrariness of AHP, is however a little better, because it is more realistic although very difficult to understand, and also assuming some inexistent concepts such as impact and feedback, and that were never explained by Saaty.

AHP violates System’s’ Theory by claiming that one of its greatest advantages is the decomposition of a problem. True, for understanding it, but not for solving.

You cannot maximize or minimize a criterion independently of the others, because a problem is a system, and as that, it must be solved considering everything at the same time. It is as studying the performance of a car selecting independently the best engine, the best transmission, the best tires, and the best style. It cannot be done separately, due to the fact that the aerodynamics of the car, its tires, its transmission, electronic and electric system, etc. are input to design the best engine. Sounds reasonable?

However, this is what AHP does, and that ANP improvedby using a network.

I guess that Saaty understood that AHP was faulty on this regard, and then decided to correct it by developing ANP, and in so doing burying AHP, and this took place more that 30 years ago.

AHP is the most used MCDM in the world? Absolutely true, but why?

Because it has managed to convince people that real-life problems can be easily solved by intuition, as for instance complex problems like regional planning, or deciding by intuition that photovoltaics cells are better than wind turbines to generate electricity.

They are only technical issues, why to bother with them?

AHP is a system based on false assumptions such as:

1- You can compare two different criteria, that is legit, but what you cannot do is assign a value to those preferences. How for instance, do you decide that tenderness is say three times more important than love? This comparison is fantasy.

2- AHP assumes (Saaty words), that trade-offs are equivalent to weights. Both are completely different concepts and not interchangeable.

3- AHP assumes that what is the mind of the DM, can be applied to the real-world. This may be true only in his / her imagination, and convinced because AHP quietly equals them.

Explanation? No, what for?

4- On what grounds AHP assumes that criteria weights are constant? This misjudgement can be easily demonstrated, as I have done many times in RG

5- To say nothing that the DM is reduced to the role of a robot, when a formula instructs him/her to correct him or herself

6- Where is the rational in using compensation, that means that increasing in 0.5 human health is compensated by a proportional decrease in land use or in paving roads? This is a disparate.

7- Who says they these trade-offs are lineal? Only suppositions and because they were normalized to sum 1.

8- What axiom says that the DM may vote for hundreds or thousands of people? Quite the opposite, the Arrow ‘s theorem just addresses this issue and of course denies it, calling this action a dictatorship.

9- Even the so-called fundamental table is dubious, because it is a poor imitation of the Weber and Fechter law relating incentives increases with log responses. AHP happily assumes that the value in criterion C1 on C5 or ratio importance, equals to incentives increases.

10- Can you imagine using AHP or ANP in simulation where you have to change parameters hundreds of times? It would be a nightmare.

11- How useful can be a method where the criteria must be independent?

I can continue, but this is enough to prove the falsehood of AHP.

I have been many years in RG and since the very first date I commented AHP, mentioning these very aspects. If I were wrong it would have been natural that scientists and practitioners would have rebutted me. Again, I never received a rebuttal. Why?

For obvious reasons: There are not responses to them.

I want now to address some specific points of your paper:

1- In page 2 you say “development of the theoretical foundations of the AHP”

A researcher may have as many theories as he wants; the problem is to demonstrate a mathematical as well as common sense foundation, both absent in AHP, other than the Eigen Value and geometric mean. All other are only assumptions like results from pair-wise comparisons, trade-offs equivalence to weights, need of transitivity, weights that can evaluate alternatives, sensitivity analysis using the ceteris paribus principle, existence of feedback in ANP. etc.

None of them are mathematical, and many rejected by scientists

2- Using fuzzy AHP? What for? To improve arbitrary values?

3- In page 3 you speak about modelling, possibly the most important aspect to be considered in MCDM. It appears that the meaning and importance of modelling is absent in AHP, where it reduces to putting values in a matrix.

Modelling means to represent as close as possible a project or scenario in a mathematical format or matrix. Since I speak based on facts, I will put some examples:

a) How do you model in AHP, that alternative A4 must precede only alternatives A1, A2, A3, A9?. This is applied anywhere as in manufacturing, construction, health cate, etc.

b) How do you model in AHP, that considering alternatives A2 and A7 they are exclusive, i.e., it is one or the other, therefore, one of them must not be in the ranking. This is usual in road projects, for instance determining the best route between two cities.

c) How do you model in AHP that a criterion such as heavy snowfall may alter another criterion as maximum speed in a road, or in other words, the speed criterion depends on the heavy snowfall criterion, only when a certain value is reached. Used in hgh mountain highway is comparison with lower-level routes, of in modal transportation.

d) How do you model in AHP that an alternative must comply with a certain number of criteria? For instance: A6 and A8 must satisfy at least these four criteria C5, C7, C8 and C14. A common question when analyzing urban planning

e) How do you model in AHP, that if alternative A7 is selected, also A1 must be selected?

Found in sewerage networks

f) How do you model in AHP that a certain alternative must forcefully be in the ranking? Typical of projects already initiated or for pollical reasons.? For instance, a promise made by a candidate to major before elections

g) How do you model in AHP that out of 89 environmental indicators, the DM wants as a result only 25 to analyze. Used in selecting indicators

h) . How do you model in AHP, that when you reduce indicators, the resulting indicators in the final result must incorporate as much as possible the information contained in the alternatives not considered in the ranking? Used in urban and regional planning

i) How can you use the same criterion with two different means? For example, in providing water to a housing complex you need to establish a minimum and a maximum limit simultaneously, in such a way for the software to work within these limits?

I have many more questions like these most of them encountered in real-life problems in my life and all of them addressed using MCDM methods. Could you please consider answering how would you model them in AHP or even in ANP?

I will be grateful for your answer

I my humble opinion, it is evident in analyzing these real-world scenarios that AHP was not designed to solve complex problems, but perhaps I am mistaken of did not understand the power of AHP, and for this reason I ask for your answers. Using your own words, which are then the morphological ways used in AHP to solve real problems?

4- In page 7 you cite “I get it, it is like going to the optometrist who asks you whether you see better with one lens or the other; except that there is the additional question of how much better can you see?”

This known example reminds me another from Saaty relative to determine areas of geometrical figures. Both examples are biased because in both cases you know the real result which allows you to make comparisons. As you know, this situation ss inexistent in MCDM

5- In your page 8 you make references to rank reversal in AHP

Yes, it was discovered in AHP, but later it was discovered that it is common practically in all MCDM methods.

In my opinion it is an unavoidable phenomenon related not with the MCDM methods but due to geometrical reasons. It was nothing to do with inconsistencies.

I would love to discuss this subject with you publicly or privately, either in RG, email, or WhatsApp.

Nolberto Munier

I was recently watching a lecture on EM (lesson on E fields from sources with density λ) at a US university. (As a masters holders on general pedsgory&learning, something rare for a physics background, i think I can have an opinion.)

Things that impressed me.

** accuracy, linear logic and causal progression, clarity, simplicity.

** he pointed on magic word i.e keywords, which helps student focus and he thereby centered his lesson i.e it was not unrelated parts

** elements of the lesson reolicated standard physics skills practices such as identifying symmetry, taking limit fsctors for derived expressions, step by step construction of differentials and integration

**he dramstized lesson i.e unexpected simplifications or cool /fancy results

Things that didn't.

** he assumed students are familiar with polar coordinates

** he started with an expressions of coulimb's law& E fields definition without reasoningbits origins (maybe previews class?), so many students were lost

** he used a very plain pedagogical plan: develop a few laws in previews lesson and do applications of them, in volume, thinking students will get dragged into the bottom line physics.

** the importance of the main skill, finding exact expressions for E fields, was soaring in the levels of mandatory with no hint to possibilities knowing it opens, novelty it enables, so to motivate them to endorse the skill

I know teaching physics is not an easy task and maybe each teachers can master a few facets of it but not all. This teacher passed the minimum for me. But overall, his ommisions, if they reflect the general situation, show that students could be learning more if they were absent and that we should sdmit fault and revamp the field.

I will try to dry a 50% ethanol solution to obtain my dry extract. When I tried to have a 3rd party remove the solvent from my 20mL sample using purely the rotavap, they told me there was difficulty in drying it so I was thinking of only removing the ethanol such that I can safely lyophilize it. I was thinking of concentrating the sample to around 10% of its initial volume such that even if there's still some ethanol in it, I can simply dilute the extract with water to avoid any problems in the freeze dryer.

Dear scientists,

Faced now with the rediscovery of already known compounds, which natural source do you think would be best for screening and isolating new bioactive molecules?

Nice day!

Can you tell me, what is it mean that USPP are not implemented error in quantum espresso during optic calculation.

I think the norm conserving pseudopotentials should have been used in optic calculation. Which one are these?

Best

Hi everyone,

I am staining leukocytes isolated from mouse kidneys in flow cytometry. I stimulated the cells with PMA/Ionomycin + BFA for 4 hrs in T-cell medium (RPMI + Pen/Strep + 10 % FCS + 50 uM beta-mercaptoethanol) and stained them for surface markers, T-cell transcription factors and IFNg and IL17A.

When I plot the cytokine production (IFNg-BV711 vs IL17A-BV650) in CD4+ T cells, I noticed that beside my single-positive populations, there are events on a somewhat straight diagonal line that seem to be double-positive. There are some other events that are double-positive that are more scattered around, which is why I think the events on the diagonal could be a technical artifact (see attached plot).

I am also attaching my FMOs for IFNg-BV711 and IL17A-BV650 where these events are not present.

I'd highly appreciate your thoughts on this.

Thanks a lot,

Jasper

how to do calibration curves for the prediction models in SPSS, i think it is important in addition to the external validation

As part of a capstone project, we are a group of graduate students researching innovations (technological or otherwise) that have the potential to transform the business model in American journalism. Our challenge is to propose ideas that make it more financially sustainable without sacrificing public trust. Much of our focus has been on advertising as the adjacent business and we also have been exploring different applications of AI, blockchain, etc., but are hoping to gain more insights generated by "out-of-the-box" thinking.

What innovations have you encountered that you think could help support a unique business like news? We will credit you for any new paths you might set us on!

Thank you.

What cognitive skills are necessary for creativity and innovation and how does cognitive flexibility support creativity within the critical thinking process?

Hello there,

in the lab we have a Fritsch Pulverisette 7 planetary ball mill. If one wants to dry-grind dried and "smallish-cut" banana peel to a powder, the usage of the device isn't recommended. A colleague tried to grind grape pomace in it and it didn't work ( I believe he used the ~5mm ZrO2 balls).

So, why doesn't this work that well? And even more important: with what kind of balls (which substance, diameter..) do you think this would work best?

Thank you for an answer!

Regards, Vera

How does cognitive flexibility support creativity within the critical thinking process and difference between critical thinking and cognitive thinking?

Hi,

if someone has data that are scored:

1 for poor, 2 for adequate and 3 for good.

Can you take a mean average if a score of less than 1 is not possible?

I'm thinking if a mean score of 2.5 were calculated, it'd be assumed this is out of 3, ie including the possibility of a score of <1

Tips welcome please,

Thank you.

Dear all, I found a unique soil having CEC (cation exchange capacity) below 50 cmolc/kg but PBS (percent base saturation) as high as 260%. Actually, the soil has very high amounts of calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na).

Why do you think that the soil contains PBS greater than 100% ?

I have a question regarding your recent manuscript submission experiences, especially with Elsevier. It appears that there has been an increase in desk rejections, a decrease in available reviewers, and longer review times❗❓

While the impatience caused by COVID-19 and the rise of AI-driven research have contributed to the surge in paper submissions, I'm curious to know if there could be any political factors influencing these trends in specific countries 🤔

I would appreciate hearing your thoughts on whether you have observed similar trends and your perspective on the potential influence of politics in this context.

Hi All,

I am an academician and doing some research.

In this research, I have collected a few mind maps for a specific scenario. Now i want to analyze them and try to identify any patterns in them. Can anyone suggest any tool/software in which i could upload all the mind maps in graphical format (network) and look for any patterns in thinking processes?

Let me explain more. I gave a specific scenario to some participants and asked them to think about the scenario and draw their thinking process as a mind map (A sample mind map is attached). Now I have five mind maps and want to analyze them in network format (instead of converting them to text) to look for any patterns in thinking processes. How i can do this? Can anyone guide please?

Thanks.

Jaleel

I have been by my institute to publish a research paper. As I have an ECE background, I am thinking to work on IoT. So please help me in choosing my topic and how to analyze other papers in order to publish my own.

Can we stop global climate change? Does human scientific power reach the world's climate change? What is the response of the researchers?

As you know, humans are very intelligent and can predict the future climate of the world with hydrology, climatology and paleontology. But don't countries, especially industrialized countries, that produce the most harmful gases in the earth's atmosphere and think about the future of the earth's atmosphere? Do they listen to the research of climatologists? What would have to happen to get them to listen to climate scientists?

Miloud Chakit added a reply

Climate change is an important and complex global challenge, and scientific theories about it are based on extensive research and evidence. The future path of the world depends on various factors including human actions, political decisions and international cooperation.

Efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change continue. While full recovery can be challenging, important steps can be taken to slow progression and lessen its effects. This requires global cooperation, sustainable practices and the development and implementation of clean energy technologies.

Human scientific abilities play an important role, but dealing with climate change also requires social, economic and political changes. The goal is to limit global warming and its associated impacts, and collective action at the local, national, and international levels is essential for a more sustainable future.

Reply to this discussion

Osama Behnas added a reply

Global climate change is impossible to stop. Human scientific power cannot reach the climate changes of the world.

Borys Kapochkin added a reply

Mathematical models of planetary warming as a function of the argument - anthropogenic influence - are wrong.

Alastair Bain McDonald added a reply

We can stop climate change, but we won't! We have scientific knowledge but no political will. One can blame Russia and China for refusing to cooperate, but half of the US population (Republicans) deny that climate change is a problem and prefer their promiscuous lifestyles to the answer:

All climate change is loaded on CO2 responsible for the greenhouse effect. Therefore, scientific experiments from several independent scientific institutions around the world should be conducted to determine what the greenhouse effect is at different concentrations of CO2. Then, a conference of a reputable and professional organization with the participation of all independent scientific bodies should be held to establish standards on CO2 concentrations and propose policy measures accordingly.

The second action that can be taken is to plant as many trees and plants as possible to breathe CO2 and release oxygen. Stop any deforestation and immediately plant trees in any tree-filled areas.

Lucy George added a reply:

We have the knowledge, tools and resources to ensure a livable and sustainable future for all. Carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases are major contributors to global warming. Therefore, reducing greenhouse gas emissions is very important and should be done as soon as possible to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions. Both forests and oceans play an important role in regulating our climate, so increasing their natural ability to absorb carbon dioxide can also help prevent global warming.

Reply to this discussion

Ilan Kelman added a reply:

Yes, we can address and stop human-caused climate change. See extensive details in the full technical reports of ipcc.ch

Mohamed Sarmoum added a reply:

I think it is difficult to stop global climate change, but, on the other hand, we can develop adaptation mechanisms with this change