Production/Operations Management - Science topic

Tedious it is. yes. Use plotly:

Dear All,

Please access the link below for your reference on the 10 Must-Read Digital Transformation Books in 2022.

https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/tip/10-must-read-digital-transformation-books.

You can customize your options on this subject.

Good luck to your careers!

May be helpful for your work:

To what do you want to use the total factor productivity? Calculation is easy , but as Simon (1979) and others have shown, Cobb-Douglas (or CES) production functions are fake ones. They represent accounting identity as something that represent production relations (input-output relations). We should doubt all arguments based on TFP such as Solow-Swan growth theory and more refined Romer-Lucas endogenous growth theory.

Sorry for the very very late answer (I saw this question now only).

This article has list of references that answer your question "Feature extraction from STEP (ISO 10303) CAD drawing files for metalforming process selection in an integrated design system"

The article is available on researchgate

please refer the references listed in it

Hi Diana Cardenas is there any update on the research. I would be interested in reading your findings. Best Regards Martin

Dear

Cycle counting of Inventory is using in Industries for some of the other purposes

It for ----- How many time This inventory in the organization , what is consumption resio , what is value impact on the organisation , through this we can reduce

1-: inventory carrying cost .

2-: Inventory testing Cost

3-: and avoid to product manufacturing or supply loss

Dear Nima Pasha,

I recommend an article that describes the solution to a mixed or multi-model pipeline problem.

V. E. Lelyukhin and O. V. Kolesnikova, "Strategy for the Formation of Production Plans for Small-Serial Machine-Building Enterprises," 2019 International Science and Technology Conference "EastСonf", Vladivostok, Russia, 2019, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/EastСonf.2019.8725334

URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8725334&isnumber=8725182

Regards,

Again, greetings to all the esteemed colleagues who are followers of this question. Last week I submit to the Research Gate platform, the Spanish version and the English version of the work: Multicriteria models to evaluate social development projects [New version], what we assume may be in the interest of all of you.

I apologize to those who receive this information multiple times, since I am sending it to several questions related to the subject.

Thank you for your attention and I hope you find the information useful.

Best regards,

José Herández.

It is not sufficient to attribute it just to the difference in the orientation between the CCR and the BCC models since "maximizing the outputs subject to the given inputs" and "minimizing the inputs subject to the given outputs" under CRS assumtpion provide reciprocal efficiency scores. Thus, we firstly have to consider the additional free in sign variable in the multiplier BCC model and the additional constraint about the lambdas (Σλ=1) in its envelopment counterpart. This changes the shape of the frontier (BCC efficient frontier) and allows, besides CRS, for increasing and decreasing returns to scale. The above, in conjuction with the orientation that guides the projections, provides non-reciprocal efficiency scores between input and output orientation under VRS assumption.

For a schematic represenation of the above check the attached image.

The three phrases (names) reflect the shift of attention on various features (functional flexibility, information-based integration, supervised automation) of evolving complex production systems, which may largely differ in terms of their scale and practical implementation. On the other hand, largely different interpretations can be found in the literature and in the practice.

Agree with Rai Waqas Azfar Khan all are important.

Demand variability is a measure of how much variability there is in customer demand.  It is the difference between what one expects to happen and what actually happens.  Demand variability is driven by several factors including:

Hi...

Adis is right.

transportation cost

Is JIT refers to Just In Time? If yes agreed above points except "decreased profit margins" - why JIT decreases profit margin? Is it because JIT can reduce production cost & hence the product can sell at lower price for better competitive strategy?

Think another advantage includes reduce or minimal warehouse / storage cost of finished goods.

This article may be useful for you.

Best regards

Great, thanks!

您好！

I consider that it would be a good option to use a wider communication, form may managerial experience, sometimes, if you do not communicate (in an easy way) your objectives to your operators (workers), it is very difficult to have a good performance on any initiative or project you want to implement. So, depending on the educational level, you need your workers to understand what, how, when, and/or who will work on the initiative or project. Once you have cover that request, you can use any abstract tool to approach the reality.

祝好，

丹尼尔。

EITHER 1. Make your response adaptable to change

OR 2. Make your response resilient to change

then you are proof against uncertainty

Usually moving average chart used to monitor process variation. I think the best tool is time series chart.  

There's a script of Ben-Tal and Nemirovski on convex optimization that also has a chapter on conic programming. It's my first reference and I can really recommend it: http://www2.isye.gatech.edu/~nemirovs/Lect_ModConvOpt.pdf

As a production manager, i will guide to sales manager to follow some steps as mentioned below-

1.Observe the demand of last 6-7 months.

2. Accordingly plan the material which has regular demand.

3. Do not stock the undemanded product.

4. Observe the market scenario and potential also.

Hello again Edin,

thank you for providing me with your clarification.

I can tackle your question from two levels.

The first one, more specific, pertains a suggestion of a single indicator already existing in common practices.

The second one, on a general level, sees suggestions of methodologies to come up with a single indicator which may suit your need. 

When it comes to the first level, I do also agree on the use of OEE, provided that understanding the impact of equipment availability (maintenance), efficiency and production quality on the overall equipment effectiveness is interesting to you.

I have also developed an "energy version" of the OEE which assesses the impact that these three factors have on the total energy consumption of the equipment. You may find the paper on this in my publication list on RG (Winter Simulation Conference 2014).

When it comes to the second level of my suggestion, I also agree on the use of methods for Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). I have attached a file explaining the methods of it, done by the Department of Communities and Local Government in London. It addresses a policy maker audience, but I do believe that it did its job well even for other types of users.

Hope this may help you out!

BR

Ilaria 

see link : http://www.nextlevelpurchasing.com/articles/stockout-cost.php

and this PDF file maybe helpful.

Dear Stephen DeLurgio,

Thank you for asking. i was wondering how the data input should be key-in if the data (independent variables; IV) involves unbalanced panel data? Should I take the average of the independent variables for each of the survival time?

Using your example in previous posting for Company A:

Says, in Excel:

Time   IV for X      IV for Y

0           X1              Y1

0           X2              Y2

1          X3              Y3

Is this the right way?

Appreciate your feedback. Thanks

You can study  the PROMETHEE for   multi-criteria decision making . It will help you.

Dear Edin,

Firstly, please correct your question. DOF is wrongly written instead of DOE. It helps you to find better answers.

One of the advantage of DOE is its ability to analyze the simultaneous effect of different factors on specific outputs. In your case,  I recommend to use a scenario-based design. You can firstly consider the existence of variation in each equipment and then go through the final design. Alternatively, you can consider these different scenarios to check which equipment has the most significant effect on you model responses. Finally, you can use some weighting approaches to involve and change the weight of these different scenarios in you final decision.

YOU CAN CHECK THE FOLLOWING:

Dear Juan, I think that it is more correct to consider the forecasting error distribution instead of the demand distribution (during lead time). The two alternatives would be equivalent if you use, as forecasting method, the simple mean over all the hystorical data. In this case the estimate coming from the forecasting method is exactly the mean value of the demand during the lead time.

But if you use any other forecasting method (like moving averages, or exponential smoothing) to estimate demand during lead time, your estimate will be different than the simple mean over the periods. Because you use a forecasting method to estimate demand during lead time, you have to protect against errors in forecasating demand. This is why you have to consider the standard deviation of forecasting errors to calculate the required safty stocks.

In summary, the books that consider standard deviation of demand instead of s.d. of forecasting error do not consider the link between inventory control and forecasting method.

Hi Ilaria,

Kassu already send you an extended lists of possible sources.

From a Quality point of view, I do like very much the APQP Automotive Industry Methodology: QFD, Product FMEA, Process FMEA; MSA, Process Capability Study/SPC study, Control Plan. It should assure that your process in under statistical control and has a good process capability to deliver quality product to the customers (a bit heavy methodology for many organizations, but …).

Environmental speaking, there is an ISO standard for this purpose: ISO 14044, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines. However, in my view, many times you do not need to do a full LCA, a simple consideration of the life cycle stages which can be controlled or influenced by the organization might be sufficient. For this purpose the organization may obtain this information directly or seek it from the supplier of the products and services. Information already developed for regulatory or other purposes may be used in this process. Typical stages of a product life cycle can include, for example, extraction of raw materials, design, production, transportation, use, and end-of-life treatment. The life cycle stages that are applicable will vary depending on the activity, product or service.

SA8000, available for download at Social Accountability International web site (http://www.sa-intl.org/) might be of interesting to you for social impact and they have good lines on how to interpret and apply it.

And if you want to make it really summarized, why not use CANVAS strategic model (1 page, available at http://www.canvaslms.eu/).

I used a model to research the influence of Sustainability/CSR programs in Organizational success (mediated by stakeholders satisfaction) for my PhD Thesis (framed on Stakeholder Theory and RBV) but looking back, it is a very heavy and quantitative demanding approach and is written in … Portuguese.

I wish you the Best.

Luis Fonseca

Dear Niklas, 

I think one the problems we face when trying to answer your question is that there are several definitions for Quality Construct with multiple dimensions: The Gurus definitions, ISO 9000 International Standards Series, Excellence Awards, and so on. So, I do not think there is one single scale applicable to all models and industry scopes.

Powell, T.C., 1995, Total Quality Management as Competitive Advantage A Review and Empirical Study, SMJ, Vol. 16, No. 1. pp. 15-37, is a classical for TQM measurement.

For B2B I think the Crosby definition of conformity to standards still applies many times. For B2C I would ask customers if they would recommend the service to a friend and if I get 8 or more in a 1-10 Likert scale I would be fine.

There are indeed some articles that propose specific scales for specific situation, e.g.., for services, SERVQUAL service quality model Parasuraman et al (1985, 1988, 1991) is commonly used. It highlights the main components of high quality service. The SERVQUAL authors originally identified ten elements of service quality, but in later work, these were collapsed into five factors - reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness - that create the acronym RATER. SERVPERF is another scale that claims can be used for this purpose (Sanjay K Jain and Garima Gupta, VIKALPA • VOLUME 29 • NO 2 • APRIL - JUNE 2004, available at ResearchGate).

So, in summary, my advice would be to be more specific and try to find out or create and then validate your own scale for the specific construct and research you pretend to carry on.

All the best

Luis Fonseca

Hi, Gordon:

This has been a perplexing issue for many in education! Perhaps because of  problems in understanding, communicating and transferring lean thinking in the education context!

For example, a recent research study (Bessette, 2012) argued that principles, management, and leadership tactics within standards of businesses recently have proven to become nonconforming in terms of education which prevails and is exercised in businesses!

The author goes on to argue that simplistic operations techniques which have been used and nurtured in the past three decades have shown to become obsolete in terms of the new visions and focuses on realistic goals and plans within companies and organizations.

Furthermore, the author argues that sustainable methods, with the increased concentration in operations management techniques, have proven to be useful and educational in terms of task completion. When companies, associations, and organizations plan and show significant impacts on environments, ecosystems, and societies, they have the ability to enable humans to significantly help improve the surrounding educational methods towards businesses!

Very interesting research. please take a look at it:

Hope this helps!

Nadeem

If food is medicine, then healthy food, exercise and fresh clean air and water may be regarded as 'medicine' in that they contribute to health.  I am reminded 'Let thy food be thy medicine.'

I am not an economist, but in software we have something similar to this. It is always best to have your code modular so that when you have to correct something, you can do it cirurgically, without having to worry about other pieces of code. You can also operate the maintenance of two pieces at the same time if you are changing one while the other one is running (as a test for what you changed before)

To me structural dependency comes as a cost, or an increase in costs, because when you want to maintain unit 'a', which has a cost 'ca' , the structural dependency forces you to work also on unit 'b', and you end up with a total cost of 'ca+cb-y', which is '2ca-y' if the cost of maintaining each unit is the same. 'y' with y<ca is what you save from simultaneously operating on both units. I say that overall, structural dependency comes as a cost because '2ca-y' is bigger than 'ca' (original expected cost)

Economic dependency is the opposite. It comes as savings. You want to maintain units a and b, which would normally cost you '2ca' under the same assumptions, and you end up saving 'y' because you operate on both units at the same time. Therefore the total cost comes as '2ca-y' which is smaller than expected ('2ca').

Another way of seeing the difference is that with structural dependency (sd) and economic dependency (ed) you end up having the same cost, but if you notice, in one case you were just trying to maintain one unit (sd) and in the other you were planning to intervene in two units (ed). So, ed is cheaper than sd.

Intranet technology is already adopted by most of the system suppliers. The new trend is to use Enterprise Content Management Systems for sharing not only of documents but sharing of real-time dynamic production data. A good approach is to extend the existing functionality of existing CMS (like SharePoint) with additional Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM) functionality, such as ISA 95 objects, OPC, BAPI, etc.  

Since we are using the same number of periods for sales and demand, it does't matter whether you use total sum or average in calculation of fill rate.

A good source to start with is certainly Schweitzer and Cachon (2000) who discuss several utitliy functions (preferences) such as risk aversion of newsvendors. The key is to define the utility function appropriately and then to optimize expected utility instead of expected profits.

Anu you are talking about economies of scale. I was curious to know about 'scope'.

In the modern context with widening market preference the necessity is to have a large variety of products. Obviously with a large variety of products, the life of the product is limited as well as the volume. This means modularization and standardization is necessary in order to reduce the product development time and cost. In this scenario, the economy of scope (variety) is more relevant than economy of scale. For this purpose one requires flexibility of products and flow manufacturing. They require multi-functional machines and control in real time.

My knowledge regarding this problem is Systems Dynamics based and I also looked at the Oliva/Sterman paper. To me it is still the best model for overtime, wear-out and quality. It can be described as a state-space model, instead, and one may eventually obtain analytic solutions from that. Such systems tend to have under damped oscillatory behaviours.

Mr. James Cock

I have read and analyzed your answers and what I understand is that

From 1st Answer

-Organizations, most of the times waste their time and resources in misguided improvement efforts.

-It is better to have a system for identifying different alternatives and then to check which alternative would be more effective.

- In a production Line, production sequence and location of constraint play a vital role.

- It is better to have constraint at the end of the line

From 2nd Answer

-Production line starts from suppliers and ends at the market or customer demand instead of only work stations

-The production systems work mostly on stochastic distributions

- My concept of work center efficiency was wrong because efficiency of the constraint sets the efficiency of the production system

-If we try to trim the capacity of the non-constraints then it will Cause deficiencies of supplies on the constraints and eventually the efficiency of the whole system will lower.

Sir, I want to know, whether my interpretations are right or wrong? And Sir, kindly refer me some helpful material for understanding Discrete Event Simulation.

Thank you

Dear Luis, I don't think there are, since OM has 'unlimited' issues. Which data or idea you need (sequencing, scheduling, etc), I'll possibly suggest the link or published paper.

I would echo that. This can be critical in directing higher level managers towards tactics that align with overarching strategies. See "The efficient use of enterprise information for strategic advantage: a DEA analysis"

The National Baldrige Quality Award Standard for Health Care is one set of standards for heath care organztions that has shown some positive benefits towards improving operations and achieving high performance benchmarks in patient care. See link for references: http://www.nist.gov/baldrige/baldrige-120412.cfm#