Organic Manure - Science topic

Manure is an excellent source of supplying nutrients such as organic matter that can help in enhanced production. Manure provides higher organic matter to the soil and hence impact soil quality in long-term. They reduce the necessity of repeated application of synthetic fertilizers and maintain soil fertility. Fertilizers are deemed essential to en...

The integrated use of fermented organic manure and mycorrhiza has been employed to enhance crop productivity and maintain soil health and fertility. The research titled "Role of fermented organic manure and mycorrhiza on physio-chemical properties of soil" was conducted during the Zaid season of 2023 at 772 Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India...

(1) Background and Aims: Manure is an important source of nutrients for plants, and organic substrate, as an effective soil amendment substrate, is a common material for maintaining soil health in the context of agricultural intensification. The use of organic fertilizers to meet the nutrient requirements of crops and to improve soil structure is a...

A trial was carried out on maize in the zaid season during 2023, with the soil being of sandy loam texture. The trial followed a randomized block design and involved three different levels of NPK. Each combination of treatments was repeated three times and randomly assigned within each replication. The findings indicate that using different combina...

The study highlights the importance of integrating organic resources, such as vermicompost and biofertilizers with inorganic fertilizers to sustain coconut yields and manage costs. The experimental trial was conducted from 2016 to 2020 in a 47-year-old East Coast Tall coconut garden at Coconut Research Station in South India. The research evaluated...

The present research was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, during the period from December 2021 to April 2022 to study the “Strategic Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Manure for Eco-friendly Maize Production”. There are four types of fertil...

The present investigation was conducted at College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during July–February, 2018–19 aiming at adopting organic production, promoting forest nurseries for sustainable tree plantation, and exploringSwietenia macrophyllaKing for timber purposes. The experiment was designed by employing Comple...

This study aimed to assess the influence of various bio-fertilizer sources on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivation in Eastern Nepal. The research was conducted at G.P Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Centre, Sundarharaicha, Morang, Nepal, from April 2023 to January 2024. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD...

Carrot is a root vegetable crop. The management of agronomic practices is an important factor that strongly affects the growth, yield and quality of carrots. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth, yield and quality of carrots affected by different types of organic manure and mulching materials in Diguna Fango Woreda, South Ethiopi...

This study investigates the effect of different sowing media and soil amendments on seed germination and early seedling growth of Pterocarpus osun. The study was carried out at the nursery site of the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. Sixty seeds were sown in plastic bowls filled with the dif...

Organic manures and biofertilizers are widely renowned as effective all-encompassing approaches to improving soil quality. They utilise the benefits of organic components such as residual plant waste, compost, and manure. The incorporation of organic matter improves the structure of the soil, encourages microbial activity, and releases nutrients gr...

Organic manures and biofertilizers have a good effect on soil structure and microbial populations, according to studies such as those which can improve the overall health of the agriculture system. The study focuses on the growth, yield-attributing traits, and economic considerations of fenugreek, which is a member of the Fabaceae family and is wel...

Organic manures are made from natural materials such as plant leftovers, manure, and compost. They provide a comprehensive method of enhancing soil. Adding organic matter improves the structure of the soil, encourages microbial activity and releases nutrients gradually. Organic farming produces legumebased cropping systems with decreased carbon and...

Aims The combined application of organic amendments and chemical fertilizers is beneficial for the sustainable development of agriculture. Assessing the impact of this integrative approach on rhizospheric soil quality and crop yield, along with their determining factors, is essential for devising appropriate fertilization strategies. Methods The l...

A field experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi season to evaluate the “effect of different organic manure on nutrient content, uptake and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L) crop.”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with E...

The present investigation was undertaken to validate the integrated use of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers inoculated in organic manures on the physiological attributes and of pearl millet in the School of Agricultural Science, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block...

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes within the plant. In tomato cultivation, maintaining adequate boron levels is crucial for achieving optimal yield and quality. However, due to factors such as soil type, environmental conditions, and plant genetics, bo...

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes within the plant. In tomato cultivation, maintaining adequate boron levels is crucial for achieving optimal yield and quality. However, due to factors such as soil type, environmental conditions, and plant genetics, bo...

Farming under greenhouses provides a controlled setting for agricultural crops, resulting in consistent production regardless of external conditions. This review discusses the impact of organic manure on tomato cultivation in greenhouses, with an emphasis on soil health, crop productivity, and environmental sustainability. With limited technical kn...

A field study was conducted to assess the effect of tillage systems (TSs) and manure rates (MRs) on sunflower growth and yield at the University of Limpopo Experimental Farm (Syferkuil) which is on sandy loam soils and University of Venda Experimental Farm (UNIVEN) clayey soils, both located in Limpopo Province of South Africa for 2021/2022 and 202...

Strawberry is a well adopted fruit crop by the farmers in Uttarakhand (India) and it is highly appreciated by the consumers in this region. Its fruit are very perishable in nature, hence production of quality fruits are very problematic in open field condition. To overcome from this problem and production of quality fruits, this study was conducted...

The present investigation was conducted to study the integrated use of microbial enriched organic manures with inorganic fertilizers on the physiological attributes of chickpea in the School of Agricultural Science, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with thr...

Studies on management of Alternaria blight of Ashwagandha through organic manure and biofertilizer were conducted under field condition during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21. Among seven amendments of biofertilizes for the management of disease under field condition revealed that minimum PDI i.e 5.7 and 6.7 was observed in FYM and RDF + FYM. Similarl...

Background and aims Application of organic manure improves strawberry yield, but the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. Methods Here, by integrating physio-biochemistry, metabolome and transcriptome analyses, we evaluated the effect of organic manure on the yield and quality of strawberry. Using garden waste...

The present study is titled "Effect of Organic Manures on Growth and Yield of Fennel under Garhwal Valley Conditions. It was carried out at the Research Farm of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chauras Campus, H.N.B Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand during Rabi 2020-21 India. Foeniculum vulgare, commonly known as fen...

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major root vegetable crop in Nepal. Organic manures are an indispensable substitute for the highly toxic inorganic fertilizers. A research experiment was conducted at the horticulture farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal to investigate the effect of differen...

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a rich source of protein, fibers, minerals and vitamins. Considering the recent sudden increase of interest in the use of grain legumes, the present study was framed to enhance the yield of Mungbean using biofertilizer to improve human nutrition. Thus, a comparative effect of biofertilizers in individual and consortia...

Organic manure application is a common practice in sustainable agriculture, with significant effect for soil health, fertility, and productivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of organic manure on various soil properties, including physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The review elucidates the complex intera...

Integrated nutrient management (INM) practices and suitable cropping systems are an effective and promising way for enhancing crop productivity. However, the impact of proper INM practices and cultivation methods in rice cropping systems in dry tracts remains unclear. The field study evaluated the suitable cropping system under different rice estab...

Organic farming provides an alternative approach that employs environmentally friendly practices, excluding the use of chemical inputs. Biofertilizers, which contain beneficial microorganisms, present a sustainable solution by enhancing plant growth, improving nutrient availability, and enhancing soil quality while reducing the dependence on synthe...

Purpose: Evaluate the morphophysiological characteristics of Khaya senegalensis seedlings, after being cultivated in substrates with poultry manure. Method/design/approach: The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 90 days. During this period, the seedlings were subjected to doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 grams of poultry manure. At the en...

The application of biochar is considered an alternative amendment strategy for improving soil fertility. In this study, we performed pot experiments using soils of low and medium fertility to assess the effects of different combinations of biochar and organic manure on the chemical properties of paddy rice soils and determined the best combination...

A field experiment was conducted during 2022-23 at the Rajola Farm of the faculty of Agricultural Science, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) to study the Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Liquid Manure Sources of Nutrient on Growth Attributes and Yield Attributes of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). The experimen...

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Instructional Farm of SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India during kharif season of 2020-2021. The experiment consisting nine treatments viz., T1-Absolute control, T2-100% RDF (20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1), T3- FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1, T4-FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Rhizobium + PSB, T5-vermicompost @ 2.0 t ha-1, T6-verm...

A 16-week incubation experiment was conducted to determine the pattern of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulphur (S) mineralization in soils treated with poultry manure slurry (PMS), poultry manure with bedding (PMB), cattle manure (CM), horse manure (HM), rabbit manure (RM), swine manure (SM), and goat and sheep manure (GSM) applied at 120 kg N...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than 60 percent of the world’s population and is considered the “global grain”. It is the main staple food in the Asia and the Pacific region. This study was conducted to ascertain the Impact of Various Treatment Combinations on the Nutrient Uptake of rice grains and straw. The field experiments wer...

In order to understand the mechanism of action of oil and fatty acid accumulation and desaturase gene expression in how oilseed flax responds to different fertilization conditions, a three-factor split-plot experiment was conducted to investigate the accumulation trends of oil and fatty acids. The results revealed that soluble sugar (SS) and sucros...

The study was conducted at the certified organic experimental farm of SHUATS Model of Organic Farm (SMOF) at NAI, Prayagraj, in the winter rabi season of 2020-21. The primary objective was to scrutinize the nuanced impact of diverse sowing methods and organic manures on the yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This comprehensive invest...

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is a exotic and newly introduced super fruit crop of India. The flowering behavior of this plant is crucial for breeding and hybridization. As a fact, there are no such scientific studies has been conducted, the current research is focused on the flowering behavior and yield of red and white fleshed dragon fruit types...

Soil management approaches have been advocated to modify the soil fertility parameters for higher agricultural production through different land systems. The present review examines the influence of organic/inorganic fertilizers and tillage practices through transformations in regulating the nutrient status, microbial components, and soil organic c...

By expanding the surface area and/or by other chemical reactions, soil additives such as biochar help retain nutrients in the soil. n this work, the effects of biochar on the adsorption and desorption of heavy metals and soil elements necessary for plant growth were investigated. To illustrate the adsorption of nutrients and heavy metals from solut...

Transformations of applied phosphorus (P) fertilizer to inaccessible residual soil P is the main cause of inadequate P availability to plants in the majority of the cultivated soils. This study investigated the effect of organic wastes (rice-residue biochar, farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS) on resi...

The Irish potato (solanum tuberosum L.) is one of Rwanda's most important tuber crops, but its yield and processing quality fall short of desired levels. This study was done on two potato varieties namely Kinigi and Rwangume to assess the effect of different inorganic and organic fertilizers on their growth, yield and processing quality (Specific g...

A field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 in foxtail millet-chickpea cropping system to study the effect of nutrient management practices viz. N1: 25% N through inorganic fertilizer + 75% N through organic manures, N2: 50% N through inorganic fertilizer + 50% N through organic manures, N3: 75% N through inorganic...

The impact of chemical fertilizers, organic manure and bio-enhancer focuses at efficient and judicious use of the main sources of plant nutrients. It is done in a balance manner so as to get maximum economic yield without any deleterious effect which is affecting the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Only some experimental s...

Aims: Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) also known as "Queen of the East" is one of the most imperative and the oldest flowering plant which is grown all over the world. Organic manures and bio-fertilizers improve soil health by increasing soil microorganisms and it helps the easy uptake of nutrients when crop is required to make it...

In spite of frequent oil pollution, a cost effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable means of remediating polluted soils is yet to be discovered in the Niger Delta. This study, examined the effect of two rates of poultry manure (0 and 20 t/ha) remediating 0 and 5% oil in a 2x2x3 factorial, using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as possible phyt...

The current manuscript focuses on the advancements made in establishing zone-based biogas plants in India from 1990 to the present. India generates various types of waste from agricultural, industrial, and human activities. Several methods are available to manage and derive energy from these waste materials, such as incineration, gasification, and...

With the growing necessity to use wastewater for irrigation due to water scarcity, farmers face the challenge of using wastewater containing non-profiled nutrients that may be detrimental to crop productivity. The study investigated the effects of water from abattoirs on tomato plant growth and development. Abattoir wastewater (AWW) was obtained fr...

This study was designed to evaluate Effective Microorganisms (EM) and Vermitea Technology (VT) to reduce chemical fertilizer use in fodder cultivation in Sri Lanka. The experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design with three blocks, assessing four fodder cultivars: hybrid Napier (Pakchong/Super Napier), red Napier, fodder Sorghum (Sugar graze...

The following investigation carried on effect of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of Solanum macrocarpon L. locally known as “Thulo Bihi” in the hills of Sikkim; conceded significant effect of FYM, Vermicompost and carrier based biofertilizer AMC on influencing the growth attributing characters and yield attributing characters, among th...

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of organic manures and foliar application of organics on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of Kalmegh at the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University to find out the suitable organic inputs and foliar organics for better growth, yield and nutrient uptake of Kalme...

Organic Soybean Farming is a good enterprise for global social and economic development. With a global growing demand for healthy-plant-based proteins, specifically organic soybean farming has the ability to reduce poverty (number of world poor people) and increase wealth (number of world rich people). Field trials were carried out at the Research...

Good cultivable lands are not only limited but also differs in their production potential. Man made artificial fertilizers are turning its negative facet to farmers slowly destroying the fertility of the soil and decreasing the quality of produce. This has et an alarming situation to farmers and other sector in the field of agriculture. Organic man...

One hundred eighty soil samples were collected from Vertisols and Aridisols to investigate status and depth distribution of phosphorus (P) pools and their relation to soil characteristics. Majority of the soils was clayey soil texture for Vertisols, while sandy for Aridisols, calcareous in reaction and medium to high in cation exchange capacity due...

Organic tea (mixture of Organic Manure Extract and Spent Bleaching Extract) is used as nutrient complements in agriculture and horticulture to increase plant growth and yield. In this study a 2 X 4 factorial experiment used CRD (Completely Randomized Design) to examined the effect of compost tea herein referred to as OT [organic tea (extract made f...

A field study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Ratuwamai, Morang, from February 2023 to June 2023 to assess the impact of various bio-fertilizer sources on the growth and yield characteristics of rice. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and seven treatments. The treatments included: T1:...

Cette étude identifie les facteurs socio-économiques qui influencent l’utilisation de la fumure organique par les pépiniéristes de palmier à huile face à la hausse du prix des engrais sur les marchés. Un échantillon de 80 pépiniéristes a été choisi au hasard pour la collecte les données dans deux départements de la région du Littoral où l’activité...

An experiment was conducted in horticulture farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, Nepal to evaluate the effect of combined application of Urea and Organic manures on soil acidity along with growth and yield attributes of Okra. The experiment was set up under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising five trea...

Duckweed (Lemna minor) have been used for several years to recover nutrients from wastewater and as feed ingredient for livestock, including fish and poultry. This study aimed at assessing the effect of different manure sources; inorganic fertilizer (a combination of DAP and Urea), and organic sources (chicken manure and cow dung manure) on the pro...

The investigation entitled, “Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cv. Snowball-16” was undertaken at the Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. during Rabi season 2022-2023. Seven tr...

An attempt has been made to analyze the impact of Soil Health Card Scheme (SHC) on productivity, fertilizer consumption and farmers' income in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. The data were gathered from 66 SHC holders and the impact of SHC was assessed based on the farmers' use of SHC. It was observed from the study that majority of farmers ha...

To evaluate the impact of the long-term application of organic manures on yield, uptake of zinc and copper in maize, peas and summer mungbean cropping systems, a field study was conducted at the integrated farming system of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The treatment combinations were; T1: 50% N through recommended NPK + 50% N was subst...

To evaluate the impact of the long-term application of organic manures on yield, uptake of zinc and copper in maize, peas and summer mungbean cropping systems, a field study was conducted at the integrated farming system of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The treatment combinations were; T1: 50% N through recommended NPK + 50% N was subst...

The current manuscript focuses on the advancements made in establishing zone-based biogas plants in India from 1990 to the present. India generates various types of waste from agricultural, industrial, and human activities. Several methods are available to manage and derive energy from these waste materials, such as incineration, gasification, and...

The research work was carried out in the Westsik's crop rotation field experiment during winter season 2021. The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the impact of different organic manures on yield and yield components (spike length, number of seed per spike, weight of spike, seed weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, rate of seed weight pe...

The field study was undertaken with the major emphasis on potassium fractionation and its contribution in acid alfisol soils as affected by adoption of continuous cropping, fertilization, and manuring under maize-wheat cropping system in same field over 62 years of crop cycles. The experiment consisted of fourteen treatments, replicated thrice time...

Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) is a major root vegetable crop in Nepal. Organic manures are an indispensable substitute for the highly toxic inorganic fertilizers. A research experiment was conducted at the horticulture farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal to investigate the effect of differe...

Present Reviews are entitled that “A Review on Integrated use of chemical fertilizer & Organic manure on soil fertility under Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crop”. Entitled review are based on uses of various sources of inorganic as well as organic matter on fertility status of rice crop. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the supreme food for more than 65 perce...

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of organic manures and foliar application of organics on growth and yield of kalmegh at the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, during the year 2018 to find out the suitable organic inputs and foliar organics for better growth and yield of kalmegh. The expe...

The present investigation carried out at the Research Farm Area of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Center of Excellence for Organic Farming, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi season 2022-23 with the objectives to evaluate the effect of organic manures and natural farming on growth, yield and quality of carrot as well as...

Background and Objective: African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) are important food crops used in combating malnutrition and food insecurity. However, their production is constrained by poor soil fertility caused by soil degradation and poor farming practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Impacts of climate-smart agricultural pract...

A nursery experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic manures on the growth and development of Sterculia setigera (Del.). One hundred and sixty viable seeds were collected from Sterculia setigera tree around Federal College of Wildlife Management Estate, New Bussa, Nigeria. Each soil treatment of 40 kg was thoroughly mixed with 1 kg...

Effect of Organic Manures on Yield Attributes and Grain Yield of Maize in Tawang District of Arunachal Pradesh

A field experiment was conducted at Soil and Water Management, NARP Phase-II (NARP Farm), Cotton Research Sub Station, N.A.U., Achhalia (South Gujarat Agro Climatic Zone-II) during summer season of 2021 to investigated the impact of sulphur, organic manure and biofertilizers on soil properties after harvest of greengram. Twelve treatment combinatio...

Organic manures and bio-fertilizers are one of the alternative renewable sources of nutrient supply. Bio-fertilizers combined with organic manure influences the plant growth by enhancing root biomass; total root surface facilitates higher absorption of nutrients and increase in yield by reducing consumption of natural sources of energy. In this exp...

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has a central position in agriculture, similarly it adds to Pakistan's economy as trade profit. Most of the cotton growing areas of Pakistan are deficient in organic matter due to continuous mono-cropping. Concerning these issues, a one-year field research was conducted during Kharif season in 2021 to evaluate the eff...

In Western Africa, agro-sylvo-pastoral systems are dominant and food demand is booming. To meet this demand, many farmers intensify the production with industrial inputs (mineral fertilizers, feeds, pesticides, herbicides). However, the price of these inputs is rocketing. To face this issue, some farmers reconsider crops, livestock, and tree synerg...

Replacing synthetic fertilizer by organic manure has been shown to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), but the specific roles of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and gross nitrogen (N) transformation in regulating N 2 O remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of completely replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure on N 2 O emiss...

The present study was conducted in four blocks of Varanasi district (Uttar Pradesh). A total 332 respondents from 63 villages were selected by the researcher. The objective of the study was to know the awareness level of respondents towards the organic fertilizers, organic farming, sources of information regarding awareness, and duration of practic...

phytochemicals they contain. Spinach, which is native to central and western Asia is a good source of vitamin A, C, K and minerals such as magnesium, manganese, folate and iron. These phytochemicals scavenge reactive oxygen and prevent oxidative damage, cancer, obesity and ulcer. However, the cultivation of green leafy vegetables is limited to s...

A field experiment was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rupandehi, Nepal to investigate the effect of different organic manures, fertilizers, and their combination on the growth and yield of the White Viana variety of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.). Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was...

A Field experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2018 at the research farm in Udai Pratap (Autonomous) College; Varanasi (U.P.), India. The site was adjoining to the Department of Horticulture of the college. The experiment consisted of Six treatments comprising of combinations of recommended doses of organic and inorganic manures (FYM...

The investigation was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 at the Organic Experimental Farm of Ranchi campus of the university by employing eight traditionally grown potato varieties of the region viz., V1 (Kufri Jyoti), V2 (Siwan), V3 (C-40), V4 (2236), V5 (Ultimatum), V6 (Sathi), V7 (Lal Gulab) and V8 (Nainital). T...

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an important spice crop that is being grown in India since ancient times that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Among all the turmeric producing countries, India holds a dominant share in terms of export and production and is the largest turmeric producing country globally. A huge share of its produce is lost due t...

Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the second most important cereal crop next to rice in the world belongs to the family Poaceae. It is the leading cereal grain, where 40% of the world population uses as a staple food. Organic farming nourishes the soil and its micro universe of life forms rather than force feeding the plant to grow unnat...

Two experiments were conducted in the autumn season of 2019-2020 to investigate the impact of two species belonging to the Nigella genus under various fertilization conditions. Both experiments followed the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and were replicated three times at the Qlyasan and Kanipanka location. The results of the average of bo...