Fungal Infection - Science topic

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder with cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune dysfunction all contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis with host-microbe interaction governing the progression of this disease. Emerging evidence has indicated that infection is an environmental...

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by Mucorales, with a high mortality rate. However, only a few virulence factors have been described in these organisms. This study showed that deletion of rfs, which encodes the enzyme for the biosynthesis of rhizoferrin, a siderophore, in Mucor lusitanicus, led to a lower virulence in diabetic mice and nem...

Mucormycosis has become increasingly associated with COVID-19, leading to the use of the term "COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM)". Treatment of CAM is challenging due to factors such as resistance to many antifungals and underlying co-morbidities. India is particularly at risk for this disease due to the large number of patients with COVID-19...

In recent times, India has been in the midst of a notifiable epidemic of mucormycosis (a rare angio-invasive fungal infection), within the ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Epidemiological studies have reported the estimated prevalence of mucormycosis to be around 70 times higher in India as compared to the global data, e...

Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii and the human disease they cause, collectively referred to as histoplasmosis, are prevalent worldwide. Histoplasmosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by inhaling the spores of a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum. The World Health Organization has offici...

Fungal infections are among the major infections among immunocompromised patients. They are becoming more common with the widespread use of antibiotics, steroid therapy, and the increasing number of immunocompromised patients. However, the incidence of laryngeal fungal and bacterial co-infection has rarely been reported. As same as laryngeal fungal...

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening opportunistic angioinvasive fungal infection. We aimed to describe the frequency, presentations, predictors, and in-hospital outcome of mucormycosis patients in the scope of CoronaVirusDisease-19 (COVID-19) during the third viral pandemic wave. This cross-sectional retrospective study included all patients who ful...

Basidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by saprophyte Basidiobolus ranarum. It is rarely seen in healthy adult patients; however, it usually affects children. The commonly involved sites are skin and subcutaneous tissue, mostly found in the Middle East and the southwestern United States. The diagnosis is challenging because of the lack...

Background: The short-term mortality of hypostatic pneumonia (HP) is very high, and the treatment outcome is poor. The clinical diagnosis and treatment are primarily focused on bacterial and viral infection, ignoring the role of fungal infection at present. This study aims to validate the relationship between Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI) and H...

The contamination of agricultural products with mycotoxins causes risks to animal and human health and severe economic losses. Mycotoxicoses can be reduced by preventing fungal infection using chemical and biological approaches. The chemical strategies can release toxic molecules; therefore, strategies for biological control are being evaluated, su...

Background To observe the changes of hepatic function and efficacy of conventional dosage of caspofungin in the treatment of patients with different Child–Pugh scores. Methods In total, 200 patients (Child–Pugh A group: 66 patients, Child–Pugh B group: 83 patients, Child–Pugh C group: 51 patients) treated with caspofungin from May 2018 to March 20...

This study provides a brief review of approaches fordetection of fungi that cause pulmonary infection in cats. The 40 samples was taken randomlyfromlocal Iraqi cats in Baghdad provinceto detection of fungal infection that cause respiratory disease in cats, especially Cryptococcus neoformans that considered one of the most important pathogens cause...

Candida auris is an invasive fungal pathogen that has been recognized globally as a serious health threat due to its extensive innate and acquired resistance to antifungal drugs. A growing number of emerging cases of C. auris have been reported with resistance to the standard antifungal treatments including azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes, maki...

Patients diagnosed and hospitalized with SARS COV-2 are managed with corticosteroids due to its known benefits for the prevention of airway inflammation secondary to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen commonly in viral pneumonia. However, these patients carry a high risk of developing secondary bacterial and fungal infection. We present a cas...

Basidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. The condition has been reported in children and adults presenting with abdominal pain, weight loss, abdominal distension, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and an abdominal mass. We report a case of a previously healthy 2.5 years old male who presented to the ER complaining of a...

The calcium/calcineurin signaling pathway plays a key role in the development and virulence of plant pathogenic fungi, but the regulation of this signaling pathway is still not clear. In this study, we identified a calcineurin regulator MoRCN1 in the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and found it is important for virulence by regulating th...

Fungal infections are the most common secondary infections in debilitated individuals in a state of chronic disease or immunosuppression. Despite this, most fungal infections are neglected, mainly due to the lower frequency of their more severe clinical forms in immunocompetent individuals with a healthy background. However, over the past few years...

The present study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil and its CMC-based coating against Fusarium cf. oxysporum, the most pathogenic fungus in tomato fruits in Tehran markets. The effect of the coating on the physicochemical properties of tomato fruits was evaluated. The phytochemicals of the essential oil were...

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) can cause secondary bacterial and fungal infections by affecting the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis alpha and certain cytokines, as well as the numbers of CD4 and CD8 cells. In particular, in the head and neck, various fungal species are naturally present, making it the main route...

Purpose: Mucormycosis is a multisystemic, aggressive and an opportunistic fungal infection. The most common type is rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) accounting for almost 40% cases. In this study, we analysed the aetiopathology, clinical features, treatment outcome and the factors associated with outcome in ROCM. Methods: Case records o...

Background Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an acute, fulminant, opportunistic fungal infection that usually occurs in diabetes or immunocompromised patients. Amphotericin B combined with surgical debridement remains the standard treatment, although it is controversial due to its lager nephrotoxicity. Thus far, no studies have reported...

As the on-going battle against COVID-19 continues around the world, India was severly affected during the second wave of the pandemic. Dentists especially Prosthodontists face a special challenge in the aftermath of the pandemic due to the destructive nature of post-covid mucomycosis. There arise a need for the rehabilitation of the maxillofacial s...

Mucormycosis is a modern-day lifestyle disease that has burst into the health-care scenario. It is an opportunistic fungal infection that proliferates into the immunocompromised host by invasion of the fungus into the paranasal sinuses, thereby invading the palate, maxilla, and orbit. Left untreated it invades the cranial components such as caverno...

Onychomycosis is a disease caused by dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte fungi that can attack human nails. Work environment, personal hygiene of workers, age and length of work can increase the risk of Onychomycosis. This study aims to identify the fungi that cause Onychomycosis on the nails of construction workers. This research is descriptive obse...

(1) Background: During the second wave of COVID-19, India faced a rapid and sudden surge of not only COVID19-delta variant cases but also mucormycosis, making the infection even more fatal. We conducted a study to determine factors associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: This case–control study compris...

Candidiasis is reported as the most common fungal infection in the critical care setting. The causative agent of this infection is a commensal pathogen belonging to the genus Candida , most common species of which is the Candida albicans . The ergosterol pathway in yeast is a common target by many antifungal agents since ergosterol is an essential...

The clinical yield and benefit of performing bone marrow cultures for various clinical indications has been challenged and their clinical necessity remains debatable. We sought to assess the clinical yield and benefit of performing routine bone marrow cultures and determine whether various clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters were predictiv...

Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucor mycosis is a rare, opportunistic, fatal fungal infection most commonly seen in diabetic and immunocompromised individuals, but an outbreak of cases was seen in post COVID-19 patients during the second wave in India. Our aim is to elaborate the anaesthetic management of post COVID-19 Mucor mycosis patients scheduled for...

The sound wood and damaged wood of Pinus sylvestris L. at an early stage of the development of a fungal infection were studied using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of fungal hyphae in tracheids of damaged wood. The hyphae penetrated...

Secondary fungal infections may complicate the clinical course of patients affected by viral respiratory diseases, especially those admitted to intensive care unit. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of fungal co-infections exacerbating the prognosis of disease due to misdiagnosis that often result in treatment failure and high mo...

The Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI) estimates that fungal diseases kill around 150 people each hour, and yet they are globally overlooked and neglected. Histoplasma and Talaromyces, which are associated with wildlife, cause systemic infections that are often lethal in patients with impaired cellular immunity. Dermatophytes that cau...

Invasive fungal infection is a rare but serious potential consequence of biologic therapy. Herein we report a case of cryptococcal meningitis in an otherwise immunocompetent patient receiving ixekizumab for the treatment of severe plaque psoriasis. We also discuss the relevant immunologic role of interleukin‐17, the potential for synergistic effect...

Fungal infections in the central nervous system (CNS) cause high morbidity and mortality. The frequency of CNS mycosis has increased over the last two decades as more individuals go through immunocompromised conditions for various reasons. Nevertheless, options for clinical interventions for CNS mycoses are still limited. Thus, there is an urgent n...

Conidiobolomycosis has a wide distribution, predominantly in humid tropical regions, affecting several species with significant mortality rates. The genus Conidiobolus is now divided into four genera: Capillidium, Conidiobolus, Microconidiobolus, and Neoconidiobolus. There are no confirmed reports of infection by these fungi in Equidae in Brazil. W...

Utilizing the abilities of soil microbes to improve plant health and productivity may be an important factor in obtaining food security now and in the future. The main objective of this work was to isolate bacteria from the rhizosphere of wheat plants that have the potential to promote plant growth and evaluate their ability to protect plants from...

The Covid-19 catastrophic phase shifts the narrative as it expands its broadcast network throughout the world. Unscrupulous illnesses and mucormycosis fungal infection are two of the many risks and symptoms associated with Covid-19. Infections caused by the B.1.617.2 (Delta) form of COVID-19 rapidly spread throughout the country. Although coinfe...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy and assumes significance for its ability to adversely affect the various internal organs. The present study was conducted to assess skin manifestations in type II diabetes mellitus patients. Materials & Methods: 108 patients of type II diabetes mellitus of both genders were enrolled. Blo...

Allelopathy is the production of additional biochemicals by an organism that affects the development, survival, and simulation of other species. Allelochemicals are biochemicals that can have a beneficial (positive allelopathy) or harmful (negative allelopathy) effect on the intended organisms. Allelopathy is a type of flora, algae, microbes, coral...

Mucormycosis; is a rapidly progressive fungal infection due to filamentous fungi of the mucoraceae family. In this case report, we aimed to present the diagnosis and treatment modalities of a patient who developed rhinoorbital mucormycosis. A 54-year-old patient with a history of hypertension applied to the emergency department with a complaint of...

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a rare, invasive disease caused by opportunistic pathogens related to the Mucorales order with high fatality rates in immunocompromised hosts, especially in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in recipients of allo-HSCT remains...

Aphis gossypii, commonly known as the cotton aphid, is a widely distributed pest of agricultural crops and acts as a vector for many serious plant viruses. Cotton aphid shows high resistance to chemical insecticides due to rapid rates of genetic diversity as a result of its short life cycle, seasonal migration, and host alteration. As an alternativ...

Purpose: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a novel technique of pathogens detection that plays an increasingly important role in clinical practice. In this study, we explored the application value of mNGS in pulmonary infection combined with pleural effusion applied to samples of pleural effusion fluid. Patients and methods: We re...

The article presents long-term studies on the study of agrotechnical and chemical measures to combat potato late blight in the Sakhalin region. At the initial stage of work (1951-1966), the local population of the fungus Phytophtora infestans was studied, and a method for short-term prognosis of the disease was developed. For the first time, a comp...

Candida species are the fourth most common cause of bloodstream infections and are the leading cause of invasive fungal infections among hospitalized patients [1]. Candidemia is a life-threatening fungal infection associated with a mortality rate of 38%; [2].The spectrum of candidemia has changed with the emergence of non- albicans Candida (NCAC) s...

Introducción. Entre el 80 y el 95 % de los pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) desarrollan manifestaciones en la piel que sirven como marcadores de su estado inmunológico. Objetivos. Describir las manifestaciones dermatológicas y los factores clínicos y sociodemográficos de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstic...

Key message Salicylic acid-mediated early defense response in asymptomatic oil palm roots infected by Ganoderma boninense. Jasmonic acid-mediated defense response in oil palm with root lesions caused by Ganoderma boninense. The oil palm defense responses could not eradicate basal stem rot but may delay deterioration of infected oil palms. Abstract...

La criptococosis es una infección micótica de distribución mundial que suele presentarse en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, especialmente por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Afecta con mayor frecuencia el pulmón y el sistema nervioso central, con manifestaciones cutáneas infrecuentes. El diagnóstico se realiza por la observación directa...

Fungi are a small but important part of the human microbiota and several fungi are familiar to the immune system, yet certain can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts and referred as opportunistic pathogens. The fungal coinfections in COVID-19 hosts with predisposing conditions and immunosuppressive medications are posing higher severity and...

Purpose Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive angioinvasive fungal infection commonly seen in diabetics. In the COVID-19 pandemic we have witnessed a sudden surge in these cases. We aimed to evaluate the disease presentation, patterns of spread, and any association with the COVID-19 virus. Methods This prospective study was conducted...

Introducción: la mucormicosis es una infección micótica invasiva con alta mortalidad, ocurre principalmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Se caracteriza por vasculitis necrosante y la presencia de hifas ramificadas en ángulo recto. La forma gastrointestinal es una de las más raras, los síntomas son inespecíficos y sólo el 25% se diagnostica ant...

Trichosporonosis is a rare fungal infection, with high mortality in immunocompromised patients, its presentation in immunocompetent patients is even rarer. We present the case of a 66-year-old male immunocompetent patient who presented pneumonia, secondary to a perforation in the gastrointestinal tract and invasive respiratory support, with the unf...

Leaf and stem spots are among the most important diseases compromising ornamental plants worldwide. In this study, Paraphoma garibaldii sp. nov. is described from leaf lesions on Campanula rapunculoides in Piedmont, Northern Italy. The new species was characterised using a polyphasic approach including morphological characterisation and a multilocu...

Purpose: This study aims to assess the testing methods used to detect fungal pathogens as well as the pathogenic profiles and drug susceptibility among fungal isolates from ocular sources collected in a tertiary eye hospital. Methods: The laboratory test records of patients with suspected ocular fungal infection from January 2010 to December 201...

Fusarium head blight (FHB), is a serious fungal disease of wheat, worldwide causing yield losses and grain contamination with mycotoxins that jeopardize food and feed safety. This study will look into the effectiveness of using biofumigation as a safe alternative for wheat Fusarium head blight control in order to avoid using fungicides that are des...

Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused mainly by Candida albicans and it is a major problem among hematologic malignancy patients. Biofilm formation is an attributable factor to both virulence and drug resistance of Candida species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biofilm-producing ability of oral C. albicans isolates and to evaluat...

Chromoblastomycosis is a fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, of chronic evolution, caused by dematiaceous fungi. The disease occurs worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, but in regions like Chile there is only one report of a human case more than 30 years ago. We present the case of a 46-year-old Haitian man, resi...

Xuelin Wu,1,2 Yongxuan Hu1,2 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yongxuan Hu, Department of Dermatology and Ve...

We present a rare case of a native aortic valve fungal endocarditis in a young obese woman. Our patient had undergone a bariatric surgery followed by numerous local complications associated with further surgical procedures and multiple antibiotic treatment. Six months later, she was admitted to our centre with signs of septicaemia. In echocardiogra...

Purpose of review Although mucormycosis remains an uncommon opportunistic fungal infection, new advances in diagnostic testing and in treatment have evolved to manage patients with such infections. The goal of this review is to determine how such advances have affected the management of mucormycosis. Recent Findings Fungal prophylaxis with voricon...

Tinea nigra is a superficial fungal infection usually caused by Hortaea werneckii (H. werneckii). We report a special case of tinea nigra in an immunocompetent child who developed a unilateral, rapidly growing pigmented lesion on her palm. Interestingly, Curvularia lunata (C. lunata) was isolated from the lesion scrapes and was identified by both m...

Climate change (CC) conditions projected for many temperate areas of the world, expressed by way of excessive temperatures and low water availability, will impact forest health directly by means of abiotic stress but also by predisposing trees to pathogenic attack. However, we do not yet know how such environmental conditions alter the physiology a...

Purpose of Review We aim to understand the most common fungal infections associated with the post-lung transplant period, how to diagnose, treat, and prevent them based on the current guidelines published and our center’s experience. Recent Findings Different fungi inhabit specific locations. Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) depends...

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection mostly encountered in immunosuppressed patients. Other major risk factors are diabetes mellitus, solid organ transplant and chronic use of glucocorticoids. Early diagnosis should be obtained as soon as possible due to the infection's aggressive behavior and high probability of dissemination. Here we present a...

An ethnomedicinal plants survey was conducted to collect information for the treatment of skin diseases from plants in tribal and village communities of Haridwar district. The study highlights the utility and counsel therapies of ethnomedicinal flora on various skin diseases, i.e., fungal infection, itching, scabies, psoriasis, leprosy etc., in hum...

Mucormycosis is a fungal disease caused by members of the fungal order Mucorales, which are abundantly found in terrestrial environments. The fungi propagate clonally via mitospores, which are transmitted to humans through the air and cause superficial or invasive infections. The disease has emerged in recent years and coincides generally with immu...

Pleural effusion is rare in cystic fibrosis. Infection leading to pleural effusion is likely to be polymicrobial, including contributory fungal infection; microbiology of pleural fluid is commonly discordant with sputum. https://bit.ly/3MJXrhk.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess donor rim culture results and predict ocular infections after corneal transplantation to determine the relationship between positive corneoscleral rim cultures and post-keratoplasty infection. Design: This is a retrospective study. Methods: The microbiology results of positive donor rim culture and c...

The term "molecular epidemiology" was first proposed in the 1970s and has since been used to describe any study that uses molecular markers to analyze disease patterns at the population level, including infectious and non-infectious diseases such as SARS-COVID-19 and cancer. With the rapid development in molecular technology and computer science si...

How to cite this article: Baalaaji M. Invasive Candidiasis in Children: Challenges Remain. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(6):667-668.

Intra-abdominal infections are known to complicate the course of acute pancreatitis. Invasive fungal infections (Candida spp.) are not the uncommon microorganisms which isolate from intra-abdominal specimen in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. However, we are reporting first case of invasive gastric mucormycosis in a postpartum acute pancreatitis pat...

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the most expensive spice in the world. This plant species is propagated vegetatively through the formation of daughter corms from the mother one. Unfortunately, many factors hamper the efficient propagation of saffron through this traditional practice. For example, the low production rate of daughter corms and the ris...

An attempt has been made to optimize ketoconazole (KTZ)-loaded cationic nanoemulsion for topical delivery followed by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluations. Central composite design suggested a total of 13 outcomes at 3 factors and 2 levels against 6 responses. Formulations were characterized for globular size, polydispersity index, pH, ζ pote...

Sheath blight (ShB) disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the major biotic stress-oriented diseases that adversely affect the rice productivity worldwide. However, the regulatory mechanisms are not understood yet comprehensively. In the current study, we had investigated the potential roles of miRNAs in economically important indica rice...

Background: Diagnosis of co-infections with multiple pathogens among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can be jointly challenging and essential for appropriate treatment, shortening hospital stays and preventing antimicrobial resistance. This study proposes to investigate the burden of bacterial and fungal co-infections outc...

Background: Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by species of the Sporothrix genus. Presently, the prevalence of sporotrichosis in the Americas is unknown, so this study aims to analyze the cases reported in the past 10 years. Methods: An advanced search was conducted from 2012 to 2022 in English and Spanish in PUBMED, SciELO, and Cochra...

Background and Objectives: The epidemic of Mucormycosis came hovering like a tsunami in Covid- 19 recovered patients during second wave of the pandemic.. Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive, angio-invasive, opportunistic fungal infection commonly caused by Rhizopus and mucor species. Mucormycosis can affect any organ system and pose several probl...

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is life-threatening in children with cancer and hematology disorders, especially when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Conventional β-D-glucan and galactomannan tests have poor positive predictive values in the diagnosis of IFI in children with cancer. This study aims to access the diagnostic performance of C-rea...

COVID-19-associated infections are increasing the burden on the overall health system. Mucormycosis is also related to coronavirus 2 disease and it is termed black fungus a life-threatening fungal infection caused by mucormycosis. Mucormycosis mostly affects diabetic and immunocompromised individuals. The major aim of this study is to discuss the f...

Mucormycosis, an opportunistic fungal infection commonly associated with diabetes, is now intermittent as a result of co-infection with COVID-19 and steroid use, affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses of the head and neck region, with high mortality and morbidity. It is also more common in diabetic ketoacidosis, neutropenia, cancer, organ transpl...

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is emerging as an infection in HIV/AIDS patients shifted from primarily ART­ naive to ART-experienced individuals, as well as patients with COVID-19 and immunocompetent hosts. This fungal infection is mainly caused by the opportunistic human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Brain or central nervous system (CNS...

Root morphology and the composition of root exudates shape the spatial organization and various processes in the rhizosphere. For instance, root hairs are essential for plant nutrition, while secondary plant metabolites (i.e. benzoxazinoids) ensure plant defence from herbivore and fungal infection. Nevertheless, it is still unknown to which extent...

Invasive candidiasis is an emerging fungal infection and a leading cause of morbidity in health care facilities. Despite advances in antifungal therapy, increased antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans has enhanced patient fatality. The most common method for Candida albicans diagnosing is blood culture, which has low sensitivity. Therefore...

"Unity in strength" is a notion that can be exploited to characterize biofilms as they bestow microbes with protection to live freely, escalate their virulence, confer high resistance to therapeutic agents, and provide active grounds for the production of biofilms after dispersal. Naturally, fungal biofilms are inherently resistant to many conventi...

Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is emerging as a devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying U. virens virulence and pathogenicity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the small cysteine-rich secreted protein SCRE6 in U. virens is translocated into host cells during...

Occurrence and intensity of systemic invasive fungal infections have significantly risen in recent decades with large amount of mortality and morbidity rates at global level. Treatment therapy lies on the current antifungal interventions and are often limited due to the emergence of resistance to antifungal agents. Chemosensitization of fungal stra...

Dr. Bae & I are guest editors on a special issue on "Immunopathogenesis of Bacterial and Fungal Infection" for the journal of Cells.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic fungal infection that may affect patients with immunosuppression. In order to improve the diagnosis accuracy for PJP, facilitating the collection of data across Europe to reliably assess the performance of diagnostic tests for PJP is essential to improve the care of critically ill patients...

Introduction: Irritant contact dermatitis affecting the nail unit may lead to nail matrix damage and onychomadesis, which may initially be subclinical, becoming overt later. We describe a patient who developed these changes after using a chemical pesticide. Case presentation: A 52-year-old woman presented with discoloration of the nails of both...

Natural enemies shape the fate of species at both ecological and evolutionary time scales. While the effects of predators, parasitoids, and viruses on insects are well documented, much less is known about the ecological and evolutionary role of entomopathogenic fungi. In particular, it is unclear to which extent may the spatiotemporal distribution...