Fagus - Science topic

Forest trees facing climate change may persist in a short term through acclimation within the limits of their phenotypic plasticity. In the longer term, however, evolutionary adaptation would be needed for populations to thrive in the changed climate, or species may migrate to new areas as climate becomes favorable there. European beech is one of t...

The increasing deer population has significantly altered the forest ecosystems. Deer browsing affects not only plant species diversity and composition but also other organisms indirectly, along with soil properties. However, the effects of deer grazing on the soil microbial community and the underlying mechanisms have not been well understood. To a...

Carbon assimilation and wood production are influenced by environmental conditions and endogenous factors, such as species auto-ecology, age, and hierarchical position within the forest structure. Disentangling the intricate relationships between those factors is more pressing than ever due to climate change's pressure. We employed the 3D-CMCC-FEM...

Spectral data can potentially offer a rapid assessment of nutrients in leaves and reveal information about the geologic history of the soil. This study evaluated the capability of the partial least squares regression (PLSR) for estimating foliar macro- and micronutrients (Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, and Zn) using spectral data (400 to 2,450 nm). First, filte...

The goal of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the natural weathering performance of three wood species representing hardwood and softwood modified with the acetylation process. Alder (Alnus glutinosa L.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) were characterised by various techniques to determine the aesthetical...

Context Evidence for declines in insect populations is growing with climate change being one suspected driver. Forests, however, are still underrepresented in the relevant research. Recent droughts (2018–2020) have severely affected forests in Central Europe and have been linked to declines in carabid abundance, biomass as well as changes in specie...

Bamboo scrimber is a sustainable biomass composite with physical and mechanical properties that has potential applications in furniture. However, its performance across different furniture needs evaluation considering the specific requirements for furniture with different functions. In this study, we simulated a traditional armchair model with bamb...

Non‐native tree species and mixed forests have been increasingly employed in forestry practice as a safeguard against climate change and as a tool to foster biodiversity while providing economic benefits. Though these changes in forest composition may affect animal communities and ecosystem processes, they are seldom studied through a plant–animal...

This study examines the impact of ungulate browsing on the understory dynamics of the Cansiglio Forest, the only European beech high forest in the Southern Limestone Alps. Utilizing seven pairs of fenced versus unfenced forest stands established over two decades, we assessed how fencing affects understory structure and tree regeneration. Significan...

In European mountains most beech forest areas have been managed for timber production. This practice has reduced the availability of biomass for the whole forest-dwelling species assemblage and of deadwood for the saproxylic community. Despite most of Italy's beech stands having a long history of management, its effects on forest species remain poo...

Lichens are an important part of forest ecosystems, contributing to forest biodiversity, the formation of micro-niches and nutrient cycling. Assessing the diversity of lichenised fungi in complex ecosystems, such as forests, requires time and substantial skills in collecting and identifying lichens. The completeness of inventories thus largely depe...

The results of expeditionary studies of spider fauna in the State Nature Landscape Reserves (SNLR) Karansky, Laspi, Cape Aya and Baidarsky, located within the territory of the federal city of Sevastopol, are presented. There are no data available on spiders in these protected areas, except for three species described earlier by Yu. Semenko, M. Fedo...

Stemflow is a conduit for the transport of canopy-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the forest floor. This study examined the character of stemflow DOM for four tree species over four phenophases (leafless, emergence, leafed, and senescence for deciduous species and leafed-winter, emergence, leafed- spring/summer, and senescence for conifer...

As leptospirosis is re-emerging, a seroprevalence study was conducted, assessing the prevalence of anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies and infection-associated risk factors among forestry workers (FWs) in Lower Saxony, Germany, to develop targeted public health measures. Sera of 877 FWs, sampled in 2016, were tested for anti-Leptospira seropositivity by...

With increasing awareness of the ecological value of trees in urban areas, there is a growing need to preserve mature specimens often colonised by wood-decay fungi. Nonetheless, cases of stem collapse or uprooting of such trees under adverse weather conditions remain a significant issue requiring further investigation. Depending on the decay type a...

On the one hand, the European beech ( Fagus sylvatic a L.) is the tree of the future due to ongoing climate changes, on the other hand, there are questions about its expansion and economic use as a replacement for the declining Norway spruce ( Picea abies [L.] Karst.). This literature review examines 140 studies summarizing basic research on beech...

Aims The composition of soil fungal communities is known to impact tree performance. However, fungal communities differ among soils with different precipitation histories and may change during drought. This study aimed to determine the influence of soil origin and associated climate adaptation of fungal communities on European beech seedlings’ drou...

This study set out to look into some of the mechanical and physical characteristics of oil-heated oriental beech wood. Waste olive oil was used for oil-heat treatment. Heat treatment of the oil was done at 200 °C and 230 °C for 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively. After oil-heat treatment, physical traits including oven-dry density and water absorpti...

Forestry together with the industry based on wood and non-wood forest products (NWFPs) represents an important activity and branch of the national economy. In accordance with that, the work is divided into two chapters, one of which analyzes wood, and the other of NWFPs. Therefore, the aim of the research is to examine the market trends and potenti...

Forest tree populations harbour high genetic diversity thanks to large effective population sizes and strong gene flow, allowing them to diversify through adaptation to local environmental pressures within dispersal distance. Many tree populations also experienced historical demographic fluctuations, including spatial population contraction or expa...

The majority of studies exploring the ecology of saprotrophic fungi have worked with individual logs as homogenous sampling units, neglecting the presence of microhabitats and inner complexity. Based on close to 7000 sporocarp records of more than 450 fungal taxa from 134 decaying beech logs we investigated microhabitat preferences in macrofungi an...

Choragus cheppardi inhabits western Palearctic. In Ukraine, this species was found only in the southern and eastern parts (Crimea in 1980 and 2003, Kharkiv region in 1998, Donetsk, Lugansk regions in 2000). Lives in nemoral and mixed forests on deciduous trees (Fagus sylvatica, Hedera helix, Malus domestica, Crataegus monogyna, Ulmus glabra, Sorbus...

Melanommataceous species exhibit high diversity with a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide and show a prominent saprobic lifestyle. In this study, we explored five saprobic species collected from plant litter substrates from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. A combination of morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analy...

Recent advances in wood treatment include the use of eco-friendly coatings to improve the wood’s dimensional stability and appearance. Assessing coating performance during its service life is critical for establishing a knowledge base for product optimization. Numerous approaches, including microimaging, are available for analyzing coating behavior...

This study explores the nuanced influence of microclimatic conditions on beech stand acclimatization throughout the vegetational season. Three closely situated localities on a north-oriented slope within the National Park Fruška Gora (Serbia) were selected, each exhibiting minimal elevation differences but distinct microhabitat characteristics shap...

This study set out to look into some of the mechanical and physical characteristics of oil-heated oriental beech wood. Waste olive oil was used for oil-heat treatment. Heat treatment of the oil was done at 200 °C and 230 °C for 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively. After oil-heat treatment, physical traits including oven-dry density and water absorpti...

Ecologically and economically important temperate forests cover much of North America, and these forests contain compositionally distinct forest subtypes. The relationships between vegetation composition, climate, and the pollen taxa that represent eastern North American temperate forests have been studied for decades. However, few have examined th...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mechanical and ultrasound-assisted stirring methods for varnish + components mixing on the varnish layer coating adhesion, surface roughness and glossiness. For this purpose, polyurethane, acrylic and polyester varnish systems were applied on three different wood types, namely Scots pine (Pinus...

The state and comparison of stands of the spruce mountain Carpathian forests district, which involves a significant portion of the forest fund of the State Enterprise ‘Rakhiv Experimental Forestry’, are analysed based on materials of forest management. The analysis examines changes in the area covered by forest vegetation, the formation peculiariti...

Mast seeding is a well‐documented phenomenon across diverse forest ecosystems. While its effect on aboveground food webs has been thoroughly studied, how it impacts the soil fungi that drive soil carbon and nutrient cycling has not yet been explored. To evaluate the relationship between mast seeding and fungal resource availability, we paired a Swi...

The establishment of mixed forest stands is an option to enhance soil organic carbon stocks and to protect forest ecosystems from various impacts of climate change. Increasing temperatures and drought potentially affect the vitality of the native coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies), often used in mixed forests. We investigated the effects of a r...

In this study, Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood was treated with 0.5%, 1.5% and 4.5% concentrations of two different dimensional stability chemicals (glyoxal and glycerol), two different fire-retardant salts (sodium acetate and sodium pentaborate), and their mixtures (1:1; weight/weight). The thermal degradation properties of wood samples...

Forest ecosystems represent one of the largest and most important ecosystems on Earth, containing close to 80% of the biomass of our planet. As such, they play a significant role in the global carbon cycle because through photosynthesis, forests absorb more carbon than they emit and thus accumulate it. The most important species in deciduous forest...

How can we meet economic objectives of timber harvesting while maintaining the functioning of diverse forest ecosystems? Existing forest models that address this type of question are often complex, data-intensive, challenging to couple with economic optimization models, or can not easily be generalised for uneven-aged mixed-species forests. Here, w...

This work presents the results of the homogenization of the color of sapwood and false heartwood Fagus sylvatica L. into a uniform color shade due to the influence of the temperature of saturated moist air and saturated water steam in individual steaming modes. The results of analyses of the influence of temperature within 24 h point out the differ...

Tree species’ ability to persist within their current distribution ranges is determined by seed germination and seedling growth. Exploring variation in these traits in relation to climatic conditions helps to understand and predict tree population dynamics, and to support species management and conservation under future climate. We analyzed seeds a...

Tree species' ability to persist within their current distribution ranges is determined by seed germination and seedling growth. Exploring variation in these traits in relation to climatic conditions helps to understand and predict tree population dynamics, and to support species management and conservation under future climate. We analyzed seeds a...

Physically modelling the mechanical response of a tree by numerical simulation depends on having accurate data on the mechanical properties of green hardwood. Lacking such data, we developed and validated an orthotropic elasto-plastic (E–P) material model, based on the results of experiments performed on European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L . ) green...

Despite the numerous sensory, organoleptic and nutritional qualities, fish meat may also contain some toxic compounds with negative effects on human health. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals resulting from incomplete combustion, found at high levels in thermally processed foods, especially in smoked fish. This researc...

The study of the pollen rain from modern vegetation has greatly improved the interpretation of pollen diagrams and our understanding of ancient plant communities. In this study, 76 pollen samples were studied from various vegetation types in Cantabria, northern Iberian Peninsula. The pollen signals of the main taxa were compared to their estimated...

Some manufacturers of agglomerated materials also have sawmill processing within one plant, where waste (sawdust, cuttings, ...) is generated and can be used to manufacture agglomerated materials. Our goal in this article would be to point out the use of waste in manufacturing beech wood to produce particleboard. The properties of particleboard mad...

Tree species' ability to persist within their current distribution ranges is determined by seed germination and seedling growth. Exploring variation in these traits in relation to climatic conditions helps to understand and predict tree population dynamics, and to support species management and conservation under future climate. We analyzed seeds a...

Spatial synchrony may be tail-dependent, meaning it is stronger for peaks rather than troughs, or vice versa. High interannual variation in seed production in perennial plants, called masting, can be synchronized at subcontinental scales, triggering extensive resource pulses or famines. We used data from 99 populations of European beech (\emph{Fagu...

Carbon assimilation and wood production are influenced by environmental conditions and endogenous factors, such as species auto-ecology, age, and hierarchical position within the forest structure. Disentangling the intricate relationships between those factors is more pressing than ever before due to the pressure of climate change. Yet, our underst...

An evaluation was conducted to determine whether beech tree leaves can be used as an alternative forage source for dairy cattle in TMR rations and their anti-methanogenic properties. The TMR rations were altered by substituting 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of gazelle from beech leaf for dry meadow grass. As a result, significant differences were found b...

12 Despite significant progress in studying soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) cycling in 13 temperate forest soils, understanding of how bedrock lithology and tree species type influence 14 these parameters remains tentative. To address this, we collected soil samples from three depth 15 intervals and plant materials from two distinct tree...

Citation: Papandrea, S.F.; Stoilov, S.; Cataldo, M.F.; Petkov, K.; Angelov, G.; Zumbo, A.; Proto, A.R. Evaluation of Productivity and Cost Analysis on a Combined Logging System. Forests 2024, 15, 980. https://doi. Abstract: The efficient planning and control of timber harvesting operations is crucial to growth productivity and reducing costs, and d...

Biodiversity and biomass of aboveground arthropods in central European forests continuously declined during the last decade. However, whether belowground microarthropod communities follow similar patterns has not been investigated. In this study, we compared the abundance, diversity, community composition, stability and asynchrony of oribatid mites...

The black timber bark beetle ( Xylosandrus germanus ) is a strongly invasive ambrosia beetle and an important forest pest in Slovakia. This pest is closely associated with symbiotic fungi used as its food source. We investigated the fungi associated with X. germanus adults in Slovakia. In this study, Beauveria bassiana , B. pseudobassiana , Clonost...

Spatio-temporal variation in age structure influences social and demographic functioning, yet we have limited understanding of the spatial scale at which its fluctuations are synchronised between wild populations. Using 32 great tit populations, spanning 3200km and >130,000 birds across 67 years, we quantify spatial synchrony in breeding age struct...

This study investigates the suitability of two thermoplastic polymers that are non-toxic and environmentally friendly, namely polylactic acid (PLA) and recycled maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (rMAPP), as potential alternatives to formaldehyde-based adhesives in plywood production. Two types of rotary cut wood veneers, beech and Douglas fir,...

Biodiversity loss and its potential threat on ecosystem functions call for a critical evaluation of human impacts on forest ecosystems. Management practices based on stand diversification offer a possible solution to biodiversity loss due to monoculture plantations, and these practices often involve planting introduced tree species. Although introd...

The species Nebria picicornis (Fabricius, 1792) belongs to the genus, distributed in the Palaearctic, Middle East and North Africa, and represented by more than 500 described species (Catalogue of Life, 2023). In Ukraine, the genus is represented by 9 species. Nebria picicornis (Fabricius, 1792) has been recorded from thefollowing localities in Ukr...

We examined the gut contents of a fossil giant pelobatid tadpole from the late Oligocene of Enspel, Germany, and discovered that it contains mainly pollen from spruce (Picea) but also pollen from pine (Pinus), beech (Fagus), and elm (Ulmus). Pollen in the gut of the fossil tadpole and other plant fossil records from this locality suggest that the r...

The urgent need to build climate-friendly cities has led to a renaissance of wood as a renewable building material. However, the sustainable supply of stemwood is limited and, driven by climate change, is shifting from uniform conifers to more broadleaved trees whose morphology is more heterogeneous. To avoid an impending shortage of timber, the br...

Forest management aims for productive and stable forests that continuously provide ecosystem goods and services, including balancing nutrient fluxes. Increasing heat and frequent droughts in temperate European forests make the introduction of non-native Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) an increasingly relevant climate change adapt...

Phase change materials (PCMs) are solid materials that absorb and release large amounts of latent heat during a phase change. However, the biggest disadvantage of phase change materials is that they are flammable. In this study, we used borax (BX) to develop a non-flammable PCM to examine the properties of beech wood samples. For this purpose, an o...

Morphological measurements of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) leaves were done within the borders of Abana district of Kastamonu province. The study was conducted using mixed (oak, beech, hornbeam, black pine, and yellow pine) medium (41% to 70%) and fully closed (71% to 100%) stands. Some leaf parameters, such as leaf blade width, petio...

This work examined the changes in surface characteristics of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) covered with vegetable oil-based epoxide-amine (ETO + D230) and its nanocomposite derivatives. Epoxy + amine + carbon nanotube (ETO + D230 + C), Epoxy + amine + fullerene (ETO + D230 + F), and Epoxy + amine + graphene (ETO + D230 + G) doped with carbon...

Key message The contribution of this work enables efficient selection of F. sylvatica initial and reproductive material tolerant to the development of Fusarium sambucinum, providing better regeneration and seedlings production. Abstract The Fagus sylvatica damping-off caused by Fusarium sambucinum is a well-known but insufficiently studied disease...

The benefits of plant‐to‐plant facilitation in ecological restoration are well recognized, yet the potential for indirect trophic facilitation remains understudied. Nothofagus (southern beech; Nothofagaceae) is an iconic southern hemisphere tree genus that is frequently the focus of ecological restoration efforts. One aspect of Nothofagus ecology t...

Key message Analyzing fine branch length characteristics in beech trees using single-tree QSMs derived from laser scanning reveals insights into drought-induced changes in vitality, which include branch shedding and reduced shoot growth. Abstract Climate change causes increasing temperatures and precipitation anomalies, which result in deteriorati...

Within the search for alternative sustainable materials for future transport applications, wood veneer laminates are promising, cost-effective candidates. Finite element simulations of progressive damage are needed to ensure the safe and reliable use of wood veneers while exploring their full potential. In this study, highly efficient finite elemen...

Changing environmental conditions, disturbances, and escalating demands for forest ecosystem services require foresters to restore present forestlands with new forest generations that will exhibit ecological integrity, diversity, high adaptive capacity, and the ability to provide essential ecosystem services. Establishing such forests requires care...

The energetic fossil resources of the world have decreased drastically in recent decades, and the quick and efficient solution to replace them is to use renewable biomass resources. This category also includes vegetable biomass, and within it, sunflower seed shells have an important contribution. The present work aimed to analyze the pellets obtain...

Beech leaf disease (BLD) is a newly emerging disease in North America that affects American beech (Fagus grandifolia). It is increasingly recognized that BLD is caused by a subspecies of the anguinid nematode Litylenchus crenatae subsp. mccannii (hereafter L. crenatae), which is likely native to East Asia. How nematode infestation of leaves affects...

The development of woodland was influenced by different management since some thousands of years. During prehistoric times settlements were founded and given up after some decades. In connection with this, a secondary succession of woodland took place. The spread of beech in Central Europe was favoured and some other tree species expanded in other...

This study was conducted to determine the changes in carbon stocks of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) according to stand development stage in the Marmara Region of Türkiye. For this purpose, sample plots were taken from a total of 32 areas encompassing four stand development stages (young, middle age, mature and overmature stand). The diameter at...

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is one of the most widely grown and consumed mushroom species worldwide. They are a potential source of food and medicine because they are rich in nutrients and contain various minerals, vitamins, essential macro- and micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. The reuse of agricultural and industrial residues is crucial fr...

Soil water repellency is a common phenomenon often associated with wild fires, which leads to a temporal change of forest ecosystems, for example, by enhanced overland flow, soil erosion and limited plant growth. Forest fires are expected to play an increasingly larger role due to climate change, resulting in more frequent droughts, higher temperat...

Abstract The world is still rich in forests, despite the human interventions in them and climate change in the global ranking. Thus, today the world has a total forest area of 4.06 billion ha, which is 31 % of the total land area.. This area is equivalent to 0.52 ha per person, but although forests are not distributed equally among the world’s p...

Forest soils are a critical component of terrestrial ecosystems and host a large number of animal decomposer species. One diverse and abundant decomposer taxon is oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), whose species composition varies with forest type and tree species composition. We used functional traits that indicate different niche dimensions, to i...

Umbrisols are the most common soil type in the Southern side of the Alps, between Piedmont and the Lake District in Lombardy (NW-Italy) and Switzerland, particularly on sialic substrates and glacial till but also on carbonates, if the soil is sufficiently deep. They are best developed on southward aspects, and below chestnut, beech forests or anthr...

It is well established that solar irradiance greatly influences tree metabolism and growth through photosynthesis, but its effects acting through individual climate metrics have not yet been well quantified. Understanding these effects is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems. To describe the effects of solar irra...

Ungulate browsing can prevent the successful regeneration and development of forest-owner-intended and climate-resilient admixed tree species, compromising the future provision of multiple ecosystem services. A reduction of the height increment of palatable tree species caused by ungulate browsing results in a competition shift in favor of less pal...

In the long-term after atmospheric deposit onto a forest ecosystem, Cs-137 becomes incorporated into the biogeochemical cycle of stable elements and progressively reaches a quasi-equilibrium state. This study aimed at determining to what extent Cs-137 activity distribution in tree vegetation could be predicted from that of stable caesium (Cs-133) a...

The aim of this study was to test the inactivation of viruses on germ carriers of different types of wood using a disinfectant in order to assess the biosafety of wood as a building material in animal husbandry. The laboratory disinfectant efficacy tests were based on German testing guidelines and current European standards. Five different types of...

Zusammenfassung Die Einschätzung der potenziellen Kohlenstoff-Speicherleistung in Wäldern stellt für Praktiker häufig eine Herausforderung dar. Um eine näherungsweise Orientierung zu ermöglichen, wurden die gängigen Ertragstafeln nach Schober für die Hauptwirtschaftsbaumarten Fichte, Buche, Kiefer, Eiche und Douglasie so aufbereitet, dass die in de...

Phenolic compounds constitute an essential part of the plant’s secondary metabolites and play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning, including nutrient cycling and plant defence against biotic and abiotic stressors. Quantifying the phenolic compounds across global biomes is important for monitoring the biological diversity and ecosystem processes...

The analysis of critical states during fracture of wood materials is crucial for wood building safety monitoring, wood processing, etc. In this paper, beech and camphor pine are selected as the research objects, and the acoustic emission signals during the fracture process of the specimens are analyzed by three-point bending load experiments. On th...

Adherence to fire safety regulations for wood is one of the most important tasks in its use in structural and architectural applications. This article deals with determining the influence of heat flux on the ignition process of spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). The heat flux was generated by an electric radiant pan...

This study by Gao et al. investigates the impact of drought and soil rewetting on forest rhizosphere microbial communities, tracing the dynamics of carbon-13 (13C) in European beech and Scots pine forests. Findings reveal significant shifts in 13C uptake and microbial community resilience, shedding light on ecosystem responses to climate change-ind...

Abstract The world continues to be extremely overpopulated, especially in recent decades. On the other hand, the natural resources used by the population are limited, they are not inexhaustible, and except for a part that is renewable, they are getting reduced by the growing demands. Natural resources such as land, minerals, water, forests, etc....

Basic ecological theory suggests that a tradeoff between competitiveness and stress tolerance dictates species range limits at regional extents. However, empirical support for this key theory remains deficient because the necessary spatial and temporal coverage and scalability of field observations has rarely been achieved. We harnessed an extensiv...