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Epigenetics - Science topic

This group is a platform to discuss and share information about epigenetics and related methods.
Questions related to Epigenetics
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We are measuring methylation at the POMC gene on human DNA.
We are getting good results with out PCR but are consistently having issues with low peak height and baseline drift on the sequencing step.
The option appears to be to increase PCR product though the manual says the maximum is 10ul. We have tried 15ul and this shows some improvement but does not resolve the issue entirely.
Does anyone have experience of the machine and can you put more product in?
Any suggestions much appreciated.
Toby
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Hi,
I'm wondering how to use the speedvac and if you leave the etoh in the cartidges for 30 minutes then run a wash, then two more washes with water? How do you do the wash as well? Thanks!
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Cytosine methylation, histone acetylation, etc. represent distinct epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation. Which example is most likely to account for transgenerational effects, such as grandparent effects, etc.?
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Interesting question (the original one), and the best answer can be found in this publication:https://academic.oup.com/eep/article/8/1/dvac001/6529222
DNA methylation is not the only epigenetic mechanism able to transgenerationally pass.
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I am acid extracting total nuclear histones from plasmodium parasites. I precipitate the acid extracted histones using 20% TCA and then washing the pellet with ice-cold acetone. The final pellet is resuspended in ultra pure water. When I estimate the protein usign BCA or bradford method the amount varies eratically between BCA or Bradford and is not matching with protein amount loaded on the SDS-PAGE (Visual estimation). Which method is best for estimating the protein concentration of histone preparations?
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In case anyone is interested, I run a Bradford assay (employing this reagent: Bio-Rad Protein Assay Dye Reagent Concentrate, 450 ml #5000006) doing a standard curve with BSA and Histones from Calf Thymus (10223565001, Roche) in parallel, and obtained very similar O.D. values in the two standard curves, so I think the Bradford assay works well with histones!
Best,
Irene
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Can epigenetic modifications affect various aspects of sperm development, function, and fertilization?
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Epigenetic modifications play crucial roles in male infertility by impacting various aspects of sperm development, function, and fertilization. Here's a summary:
  1. Spermatogenesis: Epigenetic regulation is essential for proper sperm cell development and maturation. Aberrant regulation can lead to impaired sperm production and quality.
  2. Sperm Chromatin Packaging: Proper chromatin packaging is crucial for protecting sperm DNA integrity. Epigenetic alterations affecting this process can result in increased sperm DNA damage and decreased fertility.
  3. Sperm Motility and Function: Epigenetic modifications influence the expression of genes involved in sperm function. Dysregulated mechanisms may lead to reduced sperm motility, abnormal morphology, and compromised fertilization potential.
  4. Reproductive Tract Environment: Environmental factors can disrupt normal epigenetic programming in sperm cells, affecting male fertility. Toxins, pollutants, lifestyle factors, and nutritional deficiencies can all play a role.
  5. Transgenerational Inheritance: Epigenetic modifications acquired during spermatogenesis can be passed on to offspring, impacting their health and fertility. Perturbations in paternal epigenetic marks have been associated with infertility and other adverse outcomes in offspring.
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I am trying to find a correlation between fetal macrosomia and hypertension during pregnancy from CDC data. But there have been a lot of studies on the epigenetics of the underlying relationship without analyzing real patient data. Then, is my original study considered novel?
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Hi
with same population, with same ethnies, with same conditions...with same results?
depends on the impact factor you desire but I'm sure you can.
fred
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Limitation:
1) target specific gene:
2) do epigenetic modification:
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CRISPR/Cas and dCas (dead Cas) systems have revolutionized genome engineering, allowing researchers to manipulate specific DNA and RNA sequences in living cells. However, they come with certain limitations:
  1. Off-Target Activity:CRISPR/Cas systems can sometimes unintentionally edit other genomic regions similar to the target site. These off-target effects may lead to unintended consequences. Researchers continually work on improving specificity to minimize off-target activity.
  2. Insufficient Indel or Low Homology-Directed Repair (HDR) Efficiency:Indels (insertions or deletions) are common outcomes of CRISPR/Cas editing. However, achieving precise edits with high efficiency remains challenging. Homology-directed repair (HDR), which allows precise DNA replacement, is less efficient than indel formation. Enhancing HDR efficiency is an ongoing goal.
  3. In Vivo Delivery of CRISPR Components:Administering CRISPR/Cas components directly into living organisms (in vivo) poses challenges. Efficient delivery methods are crucial for therapeutic applications. Ensuring that the Cas protein and guide RNA reach the target tissue or cell type is essential.
  4. Immune Responses:Introducing foreign CRISPR components can trigger immune reactions. The immune system may recognize and neutralize them. Researchers need to develop strategies to evade immune responses and ensure long-term safety.
  5. Epigenetic Modifications:dCas9, a modified version of Cas9, lacks nuclease activity but retains DNA-binding capability. It can be fused with epigenetic modifiers (e.g., methyltransferases). However, achieving precise and robust epigenetic modifications using dCas9 remains challenging. Improving efficiency and specificity is an active area of research.
  6. Structural Changes and Stability:Large insertions or deletions using CRISPR can disrupt genomic stability. Structural changes may affect gene regulation and overall cellular health.
In summary, while CRISPR/Cas and dCas hold immense promise, addressing these limitations is crucial for their successful application in gene function studies and epigenetic modifications.
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According to epigenetic science, does it play a role in discovering genes that contain different amino acids that cause the appearance of characteristics or behaviors in people who eat meat and milk from imported animals? Which lived in a special nature other than that in which the importing country lives?
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No, I do not!
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I'm using epitech bisulfite kit (qiagen) and even starting with huge amount of starting material (up to 2 micrograms) I'm unable to recover DNA. Does anyone have similar experiences?
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I am going to use Epitect Bisulfite kit! But the problem is isolated DNA samples are quite old.Should I use these samples??
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Trying to find the relationship between epigenetic and cancer more deeply.
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As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, I don't have specific numerical values for the global DNA methylation levels in blood or in breast cancer. The normal global DNA methylation level can vary among individuals, and it can be influenced by various factors such as age, genetics, and environmental exposures.
However, studies have suggested that alterations in DNA methylation patterns can occur in various cancers, including breast cancer. In cancer cells, including breast cancer cells, global DNA hypomethylation (reduced methylation) and regional hypermethylation (increased methylation) of specific genes are common events.
For accurate and up-to-date information on global DNA methylation levels in blood or in the context of breast cancer, I recommend consulting recent scientific literature, medical journals, or reaching out to experts in the field of epigenetics or oncology. Researchers often use advanced techniques, such as genome-wide methylation profiling, to study DNA methylation patterns in specific diseases, including breast cancer.
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Jaques Monod Albert Camus et l’affaire Lyssenko.
1) Molecular genetics: A revolutionary meeting of minds
2) Jacques Monod Quelques pages inédites de sa vie.
Trofim D. Lyssenko, né à Kiev, devient ingénieur agronome. Sa carrière fulgurante le conduit en 1938 à la tête de l’Académie des sciences agronomiques de l’URSS. Sa doctrine scientifique, basée sur la transmissibilité des caractères acquis, devient une idéologie.
Quant à Jacques Monod, il n’a aucune hésitation et publie dans le journal Combat que dirige alors Camus, un article au titre éloquent en première page : “la victoire de Lyssenko n’a aucun caractère scientifique” et termine de façon radicale : “En définitive ce qui ressort le plus clairement de cette grotesque et lamentable affaire, c’est la mortelle déchéance dans laquelle est tombée en URSS la pensée socialiste”
Trofim D. Lysenko, born in kyiv, became an agricultural engineer. His dazzling career led him in 1938 to head the USSR Academy of Agricultural Sciences. His scientific doctrine, based on the transmissibility of acquired characteristics, becomes an ideology.
As for Jacques Monod, he had no hesitation and published in the newspaper Combat which Camus was then directing, an article with an eloquent title on the first page: “Lysenko's victory has no scientific character” and ended radically: “ Ultimately what emerges most clearly from this grotesque and lamentable affair is the deadly decline into which socialist thought has fallen in the USSR.
Peut-on aujourd’hui exclure la transmissibilité des caractères acquis ?
Can we exclude today the transmissibility of acquired traits ?
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Transmissible cancers are malignant somatic cell clones that spread between individuals via physical transfer of living cancer cells. Such tumours evolve across a longer “tape of life” than other cancers, extending well past the life span of any individual host.
file:///C:/Users/PC/Downloads/s41559-022-01790-3.pdf
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Dear All.
If a researcher wont to conduct an article to evaluation an axpected noval epigentic compound, what is the most essential steps of techniques that should followed to optimised his work,rather thant measurring the cytotoxicity of the compound
thanks in advance.
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Dear Dr. Abdulkadhim,
Epigenetics is a pattern of heritable changes in chromatin DNA and protein modification leading to altered expression of multiple target genes involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage response etc.
The main molecular events responsible for epigenetic regulation of gene expression include DNA methylation, methylation and acetylation of chromatin histone and non-histone proteins, chromatin assembly and disassembly and post-trsnscriptional gene regulation by non-coding RNAs.
The epigenetic compound is known to modulate several epigenetic modification processes such DNA methylation, histone modification (such as methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation) and non-coding micro RNA expression.
So, you could include DNA methylation studies such as bisulphite sequencing for analysis of DNA methylation status and ChIP assay for detection of chromatin modification. The specific antibody directed ChIP assay is a useful technique to study DNA-protein interactions that allows the chromatin structure surrounding specific DNA sequences to be analysed.
I hope this information helps!
Regards,
Malcolm Nobre
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Hello,
Is it possible to silence all kinds of epigenetic modifications in a cell by using gene or inhibitor?
Thank you.
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Hi,
Generally, an inhibitor can be used to inhibit a type of epigenetic enzyme/modification, while the inhibitor or gene that inhibits all epigenetic modifications has not yet been identified.
Thanks.
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What are the epigenetic drivers behind the formation and progression of pediatric brain tumors?
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Mostly genetic in origion
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I intend to explore the integration of computational biology and artificial intelligence (AI) with laboratory and experimental work, encompassing animal models, cell culture, clinical trials, and molecular studies. As a clinical biochemistry student with a keen interest in AI, I believe this interdisciplinary approach holds immense potential for advancement and innovation.
However, I face the challenge of identifying relevant literature in this emerging field. I would greatly appreciate guidance on effective keywords and search strategies to navigate this landscape of research and achieve my research goals.
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I think that Ross King (currently at Chalmers University of Technology) has a good number of publications that have made significant contributions to the subject of AI in science. You can look at some of his publications at one of the following links.
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epigenetics in cotton
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EPIGENETIC Techniques will help you to silence or to express genes. What you exactly want to alter in cotton research I can guide you.
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I am currently trying to express Turritopsis dhornii TET enzyme with a 6x HIS tag in a BL21 E.coli host. Every time I purify my protein it shows double bands on SDS-PAGE, when testing its activity on ELISA there seems to be no activity. My lysis buffer contains 50mM HEPES ph 7.5, 30 mM imidazole, 500mM NaCl, and 1mM DTT. I purify with 800uL of Nickel Sepharose beads. Are there any adjustments I could make to stop this double band from showing?
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It could be an indication that your protein is suffering proteolysis during purification. Include a protease inhibitor cocktail in the extraction buffer, and keep everything cold during purification.
It's also possible that the bands you see are not the protein of interest, but are just some non-specific proteins that stuck to the Ni beads. The protein may not have been expressed, or it may have been expressed in an aggregated or insoluble form that does not bind to Ni resin.
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As it's well known, breast cancer can be caused through genetics factor. How did it happen? Does it have corelation with epigenetics? And what are the chances that it can be lowered?
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The genetic factors known to be involved in breast cancer risk comprise about 30 genes. These include the high-penetrance early-onset breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, a number of rare cancer syndrome genes, and rare genes with more moderate penetrance.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, are the ones which contain over 1000 mutations. Genetic screening for the spectrum of important mutations in these genes in high-risk families is well established. The BRCA1 ‘breast cancer 1 early-onset’ gene is involved in susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer at a young age, and tumors can arise through somatic or germline mutations. Impaired or lost BRCA1 function underlies substantial genome instability including increase in the number of mutations, DNA breakage and chromatid exchanges, increased sensitivity to DNA damage, and defects in cell-cycle checkpoint functions. The role of BRCA1 in the DNA damage response is that of ‘caretaker’ or ‘master regulator’ in the genome.
BRCA2 gene is a crucial element in the DNA repair process which, if impaired through mutation, can lead to chromosome instability and cancer. It is known to mediate recombinational DNA repair by promoting assembly of RAD51 onto single-stranded DNA. Mutations in the BRCA2 gene may disrupt this mechanism and impair repair of DNA breaks.
Germline mutations in the TP53 gene cause Li–Fraumeni syndrome, a phenotype which includes early-onset breast cancer, but these mutations are far rarer.
There are a number of syndromes that include breast cancer as a component of the disease phenotype. Rare to uncommon mutations in the PTEN and STK11 genes cause Cowden and Peutz–Jeghers syndromes, respectively, and both are associated with considerably increased breast cancer risk. The E-cadherin gene (CDH1) encodes a cellular adhesion protein and is a powerful tumor suppressor of breast cancer. It is particularly implicated in invasive lobular breast carcinomas. RAD51C is another gene involved in the recombinational repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. Rare germline mutations have been shown to confer increased risks of breast and ovarian cancer.
Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence. These include alterations in DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, recruitment of chromatin remodeling factors, and expression of micro (miR) and long (lncR) non-coding RNA.
Most of the breast cancer cases are sporadic, and are not related to germline mutations in genes such as the tumor suppressor gene, and usually occur later in life. Epigenetic modifications caused by environmental pollutants, foods, and drinking water are sources of xenobiotics including agonists of the AHR (PAH, dioxin, phthalates, PCB), BPA, and arsenic may contribute epigenetically by dysregulating tumor suppressor gene leading to breast cancer. These epigenetic modifications such as CpG methylation may be conserved through cycles of cell division and transmitted to cell progenies. The accumulation of epigenetic changes in tumor suppressor gene may contribute to the “cancer epigenome” in the same individual or subsequent generations even after removal of the stimuli.
A typical example is BRCA-1 whose repression through CpG methylation in sporadic breast tumors confers a “BRCAness” tumor phenotype similar to that generally seen in BRCA-1 mutation carriers. In mutation carriers (like BRCA-1), epigenetic silencing of the wild-type allele may contribute to loss of heterozygosity and breast tumor development.
Steps to lower the risk of getting breast cancer.
Genetic counseling and testing can be done to look for inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (or less commonly in genes such as PTEN, TP53, or others mentioned above). This might be an option for some women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer, as well as for certain women with factors that put them at higher risk for breast cancer, such as a strong family history.
If one has a higher than usual risk of developing breast cancer, one could use the approach called "chemoprevention”. These are drugs that may help prevent breast cancer. For breast cancer, use of hormone-blocking drugs help to reduce cancer risk. When there is a BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutation present, which substantially increases the risk of breast cancer, preventive removal of breasts may be considered.
Best.
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how yoga is affecting the epigenetics and is there any mechanisms available?
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This was a pilot study we conducted some time ago but was the first in the area at that time: Preliminary indications of the effect of a brief yoga intervention on markers of inflammation and DNA methylation in chronically stressed women | Translational Psychiatry (nature.com)
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On 21-22-23 June 2023, the Milan Medical School of Ambrosiana University promoted an International Conference in streaming, on the subject:
The paradigm change of medicine: the epistemological and scientific basis
of Person-Centered Medicine
This conference is aimed to underscore the urgent need for overcoming Medicine's current wrong and obsolete deterministic-mechanistic-biological paradigm based on the linear causality toward the assumption in Medical Education, Clinics, and Public Health of the right indeterministic person-centered paradigm of human nature, Medicine, medical science, and health.
Call for papers on the following topics:
EPISTEMOLOGY AND MEDICINE, ALLOSTASIS PHYSIOLOGY, EPIGENETICS PSYCHO-NEURO-ENDOCRINE-IMMUNOLOGY, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, NEUROBIOLOGY, MEDICAL ETHICS, PERSON-CENTERED MEDICINE, PERSON-CENTERED HEALTH, PERSON-CENTERED PSYCHIATRY, MEDICAL EDUCATION, WHO and HEALTH DEFINITION, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY
If you have an interactionist approach to behavior and affectivity quality, PNEI, neuromodulation, and epigenetics you are welcome.
Deadline: June 10, 2023
Registration and abstract forms on
Giuseppe R.Brera
Rector of Ambrosiana University
Director of the Milan School of Medicine
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Dear professor,
sorry but I have many problems to partecipate at the Conference because of my cronic heath problems.
All my best, Catina Feresin
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Dear colleagues! I've tried to estimate the histone variants enrichment of several arabidopsis genomic sites but every time my enrichment result looks like the added screenshot. What am I doing wrong?
The running function is:
enr.df <- enrichment(query =gr_list[[1]], catalog = anno, shuffles = 24, nCores = 12)
anno is remap2020_histone_nr_macs2_TAIR10_v1_0.bed,
catalog is a GRanges of sites of interest of A.thaliana (all 5 chromosomes).
There are no warnings after function execution.
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Found the solution. The problem is - it is not stated that you HAVE to provide function with valid chromosome lengths, and the format is strict: a data.frame with one column = size and row.names = chromosomes.
So, the function works pretty fine like:
tair <- readDNAStringSet("GCF_000001735.4_TAIR10.1_genomic.fna")
tair <- tair[1:5]
tair@ranges@NAMES <- str_split_fixed(tair@ranges@NAMES, " ",2)[,1]
enr.df <- enrichment(query = sites, catalog = anno, shuffles = 6, nCores = 12, byChrom = T, chromSizes = data.frame(size =tair@ranges@width, row.names = tair@ranges@NAMES))
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Hi, I'm studying the epigenetic changes in genes. For this I have the primer sequences and I need to identify the corresponding target gene sequences. Can someone help me out?
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Use NCBI Primer-BLAST. You can use the nr database and also specify the target organism.
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Where can I find this information? thanks a lot!!!!
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This paper may be helpful.
You can look at these review papers and there you can focus on those studies who had used those cell lines.
Few individual epigenetic regulators were studied using one of these cell lines.
Regards
Saurabh
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I am trying to look at the epigenetic modification statuses of a set of genes, does anyone knows whether there is a epigenetic modification database for individual genes?
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Dongyun Jiang What do you mean by epigenetic modifications? A good way of starting would be to see if the genes of interest are transcription factors of activators, in which case you can do a literature search for possible histone modifications at that particular locus.
Epigenetic modifications around genes and activators are very dynamic and keep changing depending on cell type and microenvironment, in my opinion your best way is to do a literature search keeping in mind your specific experimental conditions.
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I am trying to insert a 60 bp shRNA into the pLKO.3G plasmid (variant of pLKO.1), yet nothing is working. 
I digest with EcoRI and PacI, anneal the oligos at 95 for 4 mins then 70 for 10 mins, then cool down to room temperature gradually. And I do quick ligation for 10 mins at room temperature, and transform into HB101 competent cells. However, nothing is growing on the ampicillin plates. Any suggestions?
I followed the protocol they have on Addgene, but it did not work. 
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Raed Hmadi, Ying Ding, I have succeeded to clone shRNA into pLKO.3G. Vanessa Rosa It seems some self-ligation may happen in your cloning. I think pLKO.3G is much easier to self-ligated than pLKO.1, and I don't know why. To avoid this effect, I used CIP to treat the digested pLKO.3G and PNK to treat the annealed oligos.
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What is the best bioinformatics approach to study epigenetic effects transferred from parent to offspring in trauma cases. Are there data repositories available in this domain?
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Assuming that intergenerational epigenetic effects caused gene silencing/methylation and the body's ability to produce amino acids was impaired. The aim is to enquire datasets and find if there is any pattern in amino acid depletion. For example, glutamine depletion and its effects. Similarly, there may be depletion in other amino acids, causing disturbances in homeostasis.
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Epigenetics is one of the key areas of research in the coming decades. Because it has the potential to fundamentally alter a human being's life by altering the expressions of beneficial or bad genes. I would like to read the work of the best scientists in the area of epigenetics, especially as it applies to the functioning of the brain. Also, I shall be grateful if you could suggest the best ten papers in this domain, by reading which I can get a reasonable update of the current status in this exciting research area.
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You have to look into Pubmed, that is best answer. Best my point of view could be different from other person's. You can go into Google scholar and look the citation index of papers, will give you best papers
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I'm very new at epigenetics and I came across some processed files from GEO database specially this one:
More specific to the file called:
GSE64491_datSignal_tissue.csv.gz
If I look at cg02162324, I can see that all the columns related to Sample[n]detectionPValue have 0 as value.
It doesn't happen to all cpgs.
I'm wondering if p-value = 0 would mean that this value is not valid.
Thank you
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Amir Hossein Kayvanjoo : Thank you so much for taking the time to repply.
Jan Bińkowski : Thank you for the links, specially the ChAMP. I was learning the sesame library but this champ seems have a lot more.
Thank you
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The relevance of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis to Alzheimer’s and neurodegenerative diseases needs extensive analysis. The various articles indicate that there are various questions with relevance to microbiota-gut-brain axis that are relevant to the pathology, pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegnerative diseases.Several mechanistic studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms for effective and safe probiotic treatment for AD and probiotic benefits remain to determined. The relevance of gut dysbiosis may induce inflammatory responses that may be the cause of the induction of the pathogenesis of AD and relevance of diet (unhealthy diets), probiotics and gut microbiota should be carefully assessed. The meta-analysis studies indicate that probiotics reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and enhances cognition in AD and MCI individuals. The effects of different types of probiotics on amyloid formation and deposition needs to be evaluated and probiotic mixture therapy may be unsafe. The safety of probiotic therapy for AD patients require investigation with relevance to neuron reprogramming and programmed cell death in AD. The risk of unsafe microbiota and probiotic use may lead to the inactivation of the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 and the generation of uncontrolled short chain fatty acid release that promote amyloid beta plaque formation.
The concerns with relevance to the induction of dyslipidemia and the role of safety of diet-microbiota-brain axis should be carefully assessed with relevance to the cholesterol-AD connections. The prebiotic, symbiotic and probiotic formulations should be carefully assessed for bacterial composition and living microorganisms such as gram negative and positive. The release of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from gram negative bacteria needs to be controlled and the content of gram negative bacteria carefully assessed in these prebiotic, symbiotic and probiotic formulations. Unhealthy diets contain end products such as LPS and diets should be carefully assessed for LPS contents since LPS has been associated with the inactivation of Sirtuin 1. The gut microbiota based therapy is in progress and the relevance to the treatment of brain diseases such as AD is limited. The benefits, limitations and safety of gut microbiota and probiotics on Alzheimer’s disease needs to be placed under systematic review with relevance to dietary regulation and postbiotic supplementation that have the implications for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. The role of probiotic therapies to create a health gut environment by balancing bacterial populations may require the activation of the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 to reverse the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The literature indicates that yogurt is a prime source for probiotics and provide a healthy balance of live bacteria to provide health benefits to individuals in various countries of the world. However a recent article indicates that within 12 hours yoghurt can grow gram negative bacteria. The gram negative bacteria in yoghurt depending on daily or weekly intake can generate high levels of plasma LPS with relevance to prebiotic, synbiotic and probiotic quality products and ill health. Yoghurt products may need to be assessed for gram negative bacteria populations and LPS to determine the quality control of these products for international communities.
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D. Ji HF, Shen L. Probiotics as potential therapeutic options for Alzheimer's disease. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Oct;105(20):7721-7730.
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F. Bonfili L, Cuccioloni M, Gong C, Cecarini V, Spina M, Zheng Y, Angeletti M, Eleuteri AM. Gut microbiota modulation in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on lipid metabolism. Clin Nutr. 2022 Mar;41(3):698-708.
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N. Single Gene Inactivation with Implications to Diabetes and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. J Clin Epigenet. Vol. 3 No. 3:24.
O. Sirtuin 1, a Diagnostic Protein Marker and its Relevance to Chronic Disease and Therapeutic Drug Interventions”. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology 6.4 (2018): 209-215.
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R. The Future of Genomic Medicine Involves the Maintenance of Sirtuin 1 in Global Populations. Int J Mol Biol . 2017. 2(1): 00013.
S. Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Neuron Toxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurology Research and Surgery. 2018; 1(1): 1-3.
T. C.J. Hervert, N.H. Martin, K.J. Boor, M. Wiedmann. Survival and detection of coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and gram-negative bacteria in Greek yogurt, Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 100, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 950-960.
U. Fisberg M, Machado R. History of yogurt and current patterns of consumption. Nutr Rev. 2015 Aug;73 Suppl 1:4-7.
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Gerobiotics: probiotics targeting fundamental aging processes
Gerobiotics: probiotics targeting fundamental aging processes (nih.gov)
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In Evolutionar Biology, Epigenetics has become part of the explanations for changes in the phenotype across generations. But can these changes directed to specific phenotypic traits along many generations be converted into DNA mutations?
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Dear Afonso Henrique Leal , light was recently thrown on the origin of epigenetic changes when I investigated immunological phenomena with a method of developing theories which illustrates reality instead of making logical deductions from observations and which requires verification of the results obtained before they are accepted as knowledge by ensuring that consequences of such results are drawn and compared with facts for complete agreement.
What I found is that certain pathological mechanisms took control of the genome when the law that governed the species at their origin was violated and these mechanisms make changes to the genome to bring about structure and function for a purpose which is not for the good of the organism as Darwin assumed when he inferred from inference that the similarities that exist between the species are consequences of origin from a common ancestor.
These changes which are directed to specific phenotypic traits must necessarily not be converted into DNA mutations because the beneficial mechanisms are the ones that control the DNA at the beginning of life and the conditions that permit such perpetuation of the species by such mechanisms must necessarily not permit such pathological mechanisms to make changes to the DNA. Mutations must be a consequence of the changes that such beneficial mechanisms make to the genome when the information they must act upon becomes different from what it was inception.
I will begin presenting the evolutionary theory which has crystallized out of this illustration of reality in a paper dedicated to the subject and I will let you know when it is completed. But you can read the little about this theory which I wrote in my papers on immunity.Thanks for the opportunity to answer your question.
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Centers in India that offer hands-on training in bisulfite conversion, DNA methylation, expression, and epigenetics are preferred.
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But some of our Indian scientists are good with epigenetics.
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Dear Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would like to find a database with Neisseria sp genomes with methylated adenines.
Could you advise my something?
Thank you.
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Hi Boris.
Did you check the ng-mast or pubmlst for the NG genome?
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Standard plasmids degrade, but episomes do not. Why?
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An episome is an integrative plasmid. Episomes replicate together with the rest of the genome and subsequently associate with metaphase chromosomes during mitosis. The integration into the genome allows stable maintenance of the episomal DNA over several generations. As an example, DNA in some viruses such as herpesviruses, adenoviruses, and polyomaviruses serve as episomes.
Examples of episomes include insertion sequences and transposons. Viruses are an ideal example of an episome. Viruses that integrate their genetic material into the host chromosome enable the viral nucleic acid to be produced along with the host genetic material in a non-destructive manner.
Another example of an episome is the F factor. The F factor determines whether genetic material in the chromosome of one organism is transferred into another organism.
Best.
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I want to publish an article on "Behavioral Epigenetics" in a Journal without APC. If anyone can give me any suggestion, that would be very helpful.
Thank you in advance.
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Not sure if there are any journals without an APC. You can consider Preprint servers including biorxiv, medrxiv, etc.
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I'd like to know the different type of post translational modifications that occur in a mammalian cell ?
Few examples from my side are :
  1. Glycosylation.
  2. Phosphorylation.
  3. Ubiquitination
  4. Epigenetic modifications.
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Besides your examples, I would like to add a few more.
Succinylation, malonylation, Sumoylation, S-nitrosylation, Amidation, Hydroxylation, Palmitoylation, Glutarylation, Crotonylation, Sulfation, Formylation, Myristoylation, Glutathionylation.
Please refer to the article below for more information.
Best.
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In case of transcription factors in Cut&Tag (cut and tag), is there any way if a particular antibody works or not before going for sequencing. Has anyone tried qPCR after library preparation? What antibodies did you validate for Cut&Tag (cut and tag) in your experiments?
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My work is with highly plastic eukaryote taxa, with real time visible structural variation on individuals. I suspect they have high epigenetic fluidity while growing, and would like to understand the underlying mechanism(s) that alters epigenetic expression in this group. Methylation studies are what are most easy to study now for epigenetics, and may be of some use. However, methylation studies require existence of a gene map or maps, that this taxon does not have yet, and methylation is only one of many ways that epigenetic expression is impacted. Are there other methods that researchers are using now to get at how cells alter and/or manage epigenetic expression? Please tell me about other approaches, include equipment, supplies and approximate costs if you can. Anything useful on methylation would also be of use. Thank you.
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Publications in Epigenetics wanted
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you can to to the dbEM, a database with tools for analyzing data, and also with a list of selected publications in the "information" tab (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/dbem/)
all the best
fred
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Antibody recommendations
Can anyone recommend a Myc-tag antibody that works well in ChIP or ChIP-seq for detection of a tagged TF?
We have tried to perform ChIP-seq against a Myc-tagged TF of interest [using Cell Signalling 71D10] but have not had success in achieving specific pulldown (ChIP-seq results shows ubiquitous binding across all open chromatin without any correlation to the binding motif of this TF family).
This antibody has not performed well in Western blotting either according to several colleagues who have tried (but then performance of an Ab in a Western is rarely predictive of performance in ChIP/ChIP-seq, anyway).
Any suggestions (preferably with your results attached) would be greatly appreciated so I can try another antibody with a better chance of success!
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Hi, I will also need to do that. Is there any available antibody recommended?Thank you!
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Hi,
I need epigenetic data file run through the hovarth clock. DNA Methylation Age Calulator, but did not find any description how it should be done?
Please can you help me to find link to describe the process of running the data?
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The website can be found here: https://dnamage.genetics.ucla.edu
Look at the 'TUTORIALonlineCalculator.pdf' file on the page to understand how to submit your data as a CSV file and how to interpret the results.
Alternatively, the R code is available. I think it's linked to in the supplementary data of Horvath's original paper, if I remember correctly.
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Chromatografy is recommended for epigenetic studies with organisms lacking a reference genome
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Waters is one of the most popular
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I wanted to measure methylation of a single gene promoter using DNA extracted from whole blood samples. What would the most cost effective and reliable method be? I have a total of 36 samples. I have come across a handful of ways people quantify methylation, but am unsure which is best for my project.
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Methylation-specific PCR could be a classical & cost-effective method. However, bisulfite conversion and primer design will be important. Pyrosequencing could be also thinkable.
Cheers!!!
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perhaps the most useful aspect of epigenetic processes is that they are readily reversible. Unlike genetic effects that also play a role in cancer and aging, epigenetic aberrations can be relatively easily corrected. One of the most widespread approaches to epigenetic alterations in cancer and ageing is dietary control. now, I would like to know more about the types and mechanisms of that nutrition that have a positive impact on epigenetic alteration during cancer???
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thank you, dear Shin Murakami for your sugession
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what about your think is the best target to analyze the certain genetic effects in human disease?
study the
  • gene sequencing or
  • specific SNP or
  • mRNA or
  • the end product (protein measure) or
  • microRNA or
as I think to measure the protein levels as the end product of all genetic processes from gene transcription to translation take in account the effect of epigenetic at the same time
because it's easy, high accurate, can be recommended as routine work, and more sensitive?
what about your think
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Molecular Genetics is concerned with the molecules that make up genes.... You might study human gene therapy, and investigate such things as the molecular basis of cancer, cell growth and development, and diseases like AIDS. Expect a great deal of research—and a future that promises exciting new discoveries Kaled Nather Taha
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Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Studies have reported use of Onco-metabolites to metabolically reprogram the epigenetic of cancer. I was wondering what might be major limitations of such techniques?
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Hello. This topic is not exactly my field, so I cannot give you a satisfactory answer. I will be happy to follow all the news and discussions in this field.
Regards, Zlata Felc.
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we are going to carry out some epigenetic experimentations. definitely we need to count the cells. however some samples are dried-freeze cell pellet and had reserved in -80 freezer. the question is can we use them for cell counting after that long-term freezing? are they intact? is it authenticated??
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The probability is less that the cells may be intact.
Usually, freeze drying which removes moisture through sublimation, has been used for long-term storage of food and drugs.
Freeze-drying of cells, is done less frequently due to difficulties to load cells with lyoprotectants. Bacteria and yeast are inherently more resistant towards drying stress and by washing the cells with cryoprotectant before lyophilization helps. Moreover, these cells synthesize lyoprotectants upon exposure to stress and can be freeze-dried, while resuming metabolism upon rehydration.
However, mammalian cells typically do not survive freeze drying. I suppose these cumulus cells won’t be intact for cell counting.
Best.
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Plant research (Genomics, epigenetic, proteomics)
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@Desirée
Please specify from which origin you are going to do RNA sequence? If plant species, you may contact through message .
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Dear PIs,
If you have any projects in the field of molecular biology and/or epigenetics, please let me know
Thanks in advance ☺
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LinkedIn is also an excellent place to search for new jobs/academic positions :) One of the best ways to get a PhD is to search for other positions as well, such as research assistant or academic assistant. If you are able to show what you are capable of before a PhD position is posted, it is more likely that you can get it (if you have good work ethics and show you are capable of the job).
Good luck!
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I am working on cancer genomics. I downloaded TCGA BRCA FPKM data for my analysis. after some preliminary analysis, I categorised 250 samples in total 2 distinct categories. Now I want to analyse and compare their epigenetic and mutation patterns.
After downloading all mutation and epigenetic data from TCGA BRCA, none of the samples from my previous analysis is matching.
Suppose, TCGA-AN-A0AK-01A-21R-A00Z-07 sample is present in my previously downloaded FPKM data.
But TCGA-AN-A0AK-01A-21W-A019-09 is available in the mutation data. Are these ids the same? For FPKM data and mutation data, do the same sample (individual) be represented by different Ids?
Please help me, Thank you in advance.
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Hey,
I recently have a confusion about single cell ATAC-seq integration analysis between samples. I have read many discussions about that issue. So, I summarized them into two solutions as follows:
SOLUTION 1. (data QC ignored here) find the union feature set from different samples -> generate count matrix for each sample -> merge them into one large count matrix -> normalization/Scaling/cell clustering/ cluster annotations……
SOLUTION 2. generate the count matrix for each sample -> normalization/Scaling/cell clustering/ cluster annotations for each sample -> find common features among all samples -> generate count matrix against the selected common features for each sample -> merging data using pipelines, e.g. Signac/Harmony, to perform cell clustering, cluster annotation and other following analysis (which usually with give a new assay for common features).
My questions:
Either one selected, I will have cell clusters now. So the next plan for me is retrieving differential features for each cell type/cluster, which will be the key to the further investigation of biological functions.
Q1. I know that batch effect indeed exists between samples, but for SOLUTION 1, will normalization and scaling for a single large count matrix work for differential enrichment analysis between samples?
Q2. If SOLUTION 1 is not reasonable, SOLUTION 2 will give rise to a new assay only contain the selected common features, based on which the batch effect should be well corrected and the cell might be better clustered. However, how to perform the differential analysis for non-common features in each clusters? (That's to say, will the batch effect correction in the newly integrated assay by SOLUTION 2 will work for total differential feature detection in raw assays at the sample level?)
Thanks and best regards!
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Hello everyone,
I am searching information about increasing yield of secondary metabolites that are heterogeneously produce in S. cerevisiae.
First I transfer several genes into yeast, then I wanna to optimized the yield of these metabolites. I wonder that whether epigenetic modifications play any roles in enhancing the production of these metabolites in the yeast transformants?
Thank you very much!
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(there will be some regulation,but it will be very difficult to control. however, you cannot avoid any regulation from the start). Sorry I have taken all this time to answer
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We know that epigenetic factors are denoted by alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification abd transcription of regulatory non coding RNA such as microRNAd but are there additional epigenetic changes that take place that do NOT involve these mechanisms?
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Nucleosome remodeling and X-inactivation/X-upregulation are a few other examples that might influence gene expression. I have recently addressed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. I'd appreciate your comments.
Deleted research item The research item mentioned here has been deleted
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Conventional Darwinian evolution is based on random mutations causing adaptive change. In contrast to that, evolution due to epigenetic inheritance offers the opportunity to trace the causal relationships, particularly when seen from the cellular-molecular level. Using this approach, the exaptive changes in adaptation to gas exchange from the lung alveolus to the unicellular have been traced (Torday JS, Rehan VK. The evolutionary continuum from lung development to homeostasis and repair. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007 Mar;292(3):L608-11; Torday and Rehan. Evolution, the Logic of Biology. Wiley, Hoboken, 2017) with gaps along the way due to the novelty of this approach. However, such gaps could be filled, and other physiologic traits could similarly be elucidated, leading to a new way of understanding physiologic evolution independent of function, particularly as it relates to dysfunction in disease.
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Even today, Darwin has made great contributions to evolution. However, there are many gaps to it, and one of them is epigenetics. It is sustained, but even so, the theory does not get lost, it suports it.
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I need to know if cells are arresting in S or G2/M phase , some cells are still trying to replicate themselves by mutations or other epigenetic factors because we are giving stress by any drug to stop their growth. Those cells can have the properties to carryout re-replication. If one can look at them through flow cytometry, then how to analyze them. I welcome suggestion from anybody expertise on this field. Please suggest.
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Dear Krushna!
Please You look at following articles:
Cinobufagin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at the G2/M Phase and Promotes Apoptosis in Malignant Melanoma Cells
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I need to perform immunofluorescence on mouse hematopoietic stem cells. However, I have multiple mice that need to be sampled, and the sampling time span is relatively large. However, I hope to be able to perform immunofluorescence staining at the same time. In addition, for future experiments, so I would like to ask if there is a way to store mouse hematopoietic stem cells because, after the extraction of HSC, mice are dead, therefore I need to store cells for future analysis. Moreover, I will do epigenetics Observation, so it is hoped that the storage method will not affect the internal physiological characteristics of the cell.
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Hanqing Jin Did you read this article?...
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I am currently working on the H3K4me3-related project for gene activation. I am curious about how H3K4me3 is added to the lysine of H3K4. Does H3K4me3 is step by step added by H3K4me1 and H3K4me2? We know H3K4me3 mainly marks the gene promoter and correlates to gene transcription activates. H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 mark both enhancer and promoter and have multiple functions for gene activation according to different complexes. The three histone makers show different patterns but also with some common features. The question is: If the gene is activation and the H3K4me3 is significantly enhanced, does the H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 at the promoter locus need to be reduced? In contrast, for any reason we find the H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 are all reduced, does the H3K4me3 need to be upregulated at the same locus, or does it reasonable? If the H3K4me3 is added from H3K4me2, our observation is something wrong. But if the H3K4me3 can be directly added from H3K4me0, it can explain our result.
Thanks for the help.
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Joshua Beytebiere Thanks Joshua. Very useful information.
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We have conducted an experiment on epigenetic allele identification and quantification for some quantitative trait. we are trying to map epigenes using epigenome association mapping (EWAS). Please share related information for better mapping and also share r codes for the same.
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What you need?
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How epigenetic mechanism affects an organism response to environment? If the DNA structure is not changed through epigenetic mechanism, how it could epigenetic said to be heritable?
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I do remember scientists were very concerned on why epigentics could not be hereditable. I do think it was a very surprising fact, that maybe research "froze". They did say they were going to find the proof. There was some traces or pecularities at the time were offspring do get epigenetics from the parents. Just the peculiarities but apparently it was impossible to reproduce at least some of the epigenome on the next generation. Still, it was very difficult to obtain this label. Maybe suggest recent research the characters of the epigenome may be able to transmit, these traits, the (mechanisms) the methylation, the epigenome but being unique to each individual as there was no evidence that could proof it. It was very difficult to point and say they become from the same parent, and only say these traits were the only thing that made it possible. They did say they were going to keep searching as there was and there is still an air of mystery on epigenome. It only sits on top of the DNA mainly. Maybe even suggest there are other forms of heritable epigenomics and it may not be the epigenomics were are used. (maybe they did find some inheritance of this main epigenome)
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Hi everyone. I need to read about protocols for preparing tissues before using them to measure epigenetic histone marks. I've been told these may be based on the 'Marburg protocol', however, I have not been able to find much info about this. Would really appreciate any help.
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In my opinion, it is hard to extract all the histones when you using RIPA or another common lysis buffer to get the whole cell lysates, it is likely dependent on the chromatin status. For example, when you treat the cells with DNA damage reagents,  the chromatin becomes loose and you may get more total histones using RIPA buffer. 
So I recommend you to use an acid extraction method to get the histones.
Good luck
HISTONE EXTRACTION PROTOCOL
1. Harvest cells and wash twice with ice-cold PBS. PBS can be supplemented with 5mM Sodium Butyrate to
retain levels of histone acetylation.
2. Resuspend cells in Triton Extraction Buffer (TEB: PBS containing 0.5% Triton X 100 (v/v), 2mM
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 0.02% (w/v) NaN3) at a cell density of 107 cells per ml.
3. Lyse cells on ice for 10 minutes with gentle stirring.
4. Centrifuge at 2000rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. Remove and discard the supernatant.
5. Wash the cells in half the volume of TEB and centrifuge at before.
6. Resuspend the pellet in 0.2N HCl at a cell density of 4x107cells per ml.
7. Acid extract the histones overnight at 4°C.
8. Centrifuge samples at 2000rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C.
9. Removed the supernatant and determine protein content using the Bradford assay.
10. Store aliquots at -20°C.
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Mains functions are emotion, behavior, long-term memory.The limbic system operates by influencing the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system.Usually affect depressed . I want to reflect on US elections, Capital rival, as other national problems. Because Im aware of reppetions behaviour from thought that create need for emotional stimuli. Should we all first analyse our political( emotional cognitions) before voting? Whats your thoughts on Epigenetics?
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I suppose the frontal lobe is more important but some decisions are connected to the limbic system.
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Hi, I have a question if anyone can answer. I have identified two co-factors for my transcription factor. But the mass spec data seems insignificant. Now I want to find if some other co-factors are involved in regulating my transcription factor? So, how can I do this? Should I cut my gel band at different molecular weight or should I go for ChIP-seq to determine their binding complex?
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Do you have any idea what these other co-factors might be? if not ChIP-seq would not really be possible if you don't know the protein of interest for the cofactor. At that point I would think about trying other methods.
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I am interested in finding research that evaluates the combined impact of epigenetic factors, prenatal development (for example hormone imbalance) and childhood trauma (such as an impaired attachment bond with one or both parents) in determining sexual orientation.
Thank you!
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where morphological differences have been described?  Even if we could get enough tissue samples from homosexuals and heterosexuals, their epigenetic imprints may be very individualized, i.e. we have no normalized controls. 
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Hello all. I am trying to isolate buffy coat from whole blood (sodium citrate), and planning on cyropreserving it for later analysis (~3-5 years). As to what analysis would include, we are leaving it as open ended as we can, but mostly am thinking of extracting DNA (Qiagen or home extraction) and looking at epigenetics.
What freezing media is typically used for this type of storage? Would a standard 90% PBS and 10% DMSO work, and what are the drawbacks.
Additionally, I read about the potentiality of platelets clumping and potentially interfering with the sample. Does anyone have any advice on purifying platelets from the buffy coat on that end? Thank you all very much.
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firstly, to minimize the platelet contamination from PBMCsw, best way is multiple washing with PBS at low speed for longer time.
And to cryo-preserve buffy coat, you should use 90%FBS+10% DMSO, but if you only going to extract nucleic acid from cells, Using 90% Complete medium (90% RPMI + 10% FBS) with 10% DMSO may also work.
Few people use lower concentration of DMSO as, DMSO hinders in the downstreaming process (DMSO is know inhibitor of PCR). SO, you may use as low as 7% DMSO.
All the best.
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Beryllium is exceedingly toxic and known to interfere with Human enzymes.
Analysts have developed techniques to measure Beryllium in parts per Quadrillion.
Beryllium is present in Fluoride industrial waste dumped into drinking water supplies in Australia, measured by one supplier to be 95 gram per tonne (see attached analysis).
I wonder if anyone has studied the concentration of Beryllium in drinking water, its absorbed dose range and risk factors for various diseases, including cancers, as a result of this "Fluoridation" waste disposal? What are the effects on the Human foetus?
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Dear Prof.Geoff.,
It's a nice discussion. I have never heard that the effects of Berrylium at a certain dose can cause a lethal effect on human health and containing some carcinogenic effects upon the human cells.
Beryllium has some useful but undoubtedly harmful effects on health and well-being. Measures need to be taken to prevent hazardous exposure to this element, making its biological monitoring in the workplace essential.
Regards,
Md OSim,India
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Hello,
I am trying to repress expression of GFP which is expressed from a plasmid using dCas9-KRAB. I know KRAB represses genes through epigenetic modifications, and so I was wondering, will it still work if the gene that dCas9-KRAB targets is not integrated into the genome, but rather, expressed from a plasmid? Thank you.
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Yes, I have experience in the transient expression of Cas proteins in Plants. We use the PVX based expression system. These Cas proteins will work efficiently even when they are not a part of the genome. But KRAB mainly induced de-acetylation and methylation of histone, resulting in reversible gene repression. I suggest if you really want epigenome editing use dCas9-DNMT3A combination.
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Hi!
I use pyridine borane to react with DNA. I observed that DNA recovery on the purification stage after pyridine borane reaction is very low, at 10%. Therefore, I would like to kindly ask you about the following:
Does pyridine borane fragment genomic DNA?
Does it affect the efficiency of DNA binding to the column bed during purification?
Does anyone recommend a suitable purification method and tested binding buffers or other suggestions to improve DNA recovery?
Additionally, I have a question, the pyridine borane solution with DNA is shaken for 16h 850rpm, but I wonder if I can mix with vortex before incubation for better distribution of the substance in the solution?
I will be grateful for all suggestions.
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I will only note that Watson and Crick's model is wrong: the two DNA strands are not twisted, but run in parallel. See my article DNA: the Double Helix or the Ribbon Helix?
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How does the awareness that plants are intelligent can help plant scientists? May it be a new school of thought in realm of plant studies?
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Dear Jetty, very nice to hear from you again and thanks for the attached papers. As a matter of fact, I think not a separate school but a new school of thought is needed to confer plant blindness. I think if scientist can consider plants as an intelligent creature, then new approaches may be adapted to deal with plant biology issues. The fact that plants can learn and develop memory is very important I believe!
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As we all know mutations drive cell carcinogenesis. However, does DNA change(not epigenetic modification) play a role in the occurrence of benign diseases? Such as drug complications.
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Yes. Exposure of primary cells to stress (resulting in alterations in DNA) in culture is known to alter their response to a variety of drug treatments. Accordingly, genetic changes have been documented in benign tumors.
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Hi,
I am writing a paper with the title (above) and am wondering whether anybody could recommend a journal, or book, that may be interested in such an article.
Thanks in advance,
Grace Russell
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it doesn't matter - first deposit in biorxiv or medrxiv - then you will have a online peer review by scientists around the world on twitter. Then you can decide where to go! COVID-19 has a fast track acceptance rate!
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What are the Epigenetic signatures on HBV cccDNA and bound proteins that control viral replication and gene transcription?
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Following
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Hi, I treated the cells with 5-Aza-dc and TSA and analyze a specific gene transcription and found out that the gene was induced due to both treatment(q-PCR) relative to control. Then I preform a western blot and found out that the protein level was reduced. This kind of dis-correlation can happen with DNA methylation and histone actylation inhibitors? can someone give a reference for this kind of dis-correlation?
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Following
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I used to extract Human Sperm DNA for epigenetic studies.
I have done several protocols but DNA was not free of protein although I used 100 microlitr Proteinase K for 400 microlitr washed semen.
Can anyone guide me or have some hints?
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Md Saidur Rahman Thank you, I will try it. I 'm working on methylation like you. I have used the protocol in PMID: 23916795 with some modifications. But now I have problem in some patients although sperm count was good but the extracted DNA had very low concentration and quality.
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I want to study the relationship between different epigenetic factors and the different types of cancer using existing records in epigenetic and / or oncological databases, but, as a bioinformatician, I have never worked with epigenetics data, so I do not know they are available in what format, they require what type of preprocessing, nor what tools I can use to analyze them.
I would really appreciate if someone gave me some basic indications of how I should start, or if someone recommended me a paper or tutorial about how to work with epigenetic data in cancer bioinformatics.
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If you are interested in a particular gene, UCSC genome browser HAIB Methyl RRBS Track (ENCODE at UCSC Downloads Subtracks⇓ Description⇓ Contact⇓ HAIB Methyl RRBS Track Settings) is a good place, too.
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I'm just a freshman in the field of epigenetics. I have questions about methylation data analysis:
The data from Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip will tell us which CpG sites are methylated or not, but I do not know the corresponding genes. so how do we tell which genes are methylated or not? which tools are appropriate to interpret this data? is QDMR useful for this purpose?
Thank you very much
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Dear Ho Nguyen Tuong,
you can download the manifest of the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip directly from the Illumina Homepage (https://support.illumina.com/downloads/infinium_humanmethylation450_product_files.html). This manifest includes all information about the CpG sites, like the corresponding gene, and the chromosomal position.
As I have never worked with QDMR I cannot tell you if this tool is useful for this purpose. Usually, I use the ChAMP pipeline in R to analyse Illumina BeadChip data (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/ChAMP/inst/doc/ChAMP.html).
Greetings,
Julie Krainer
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Hello everybody, I am new with the meta-analysis in Genome Wide Data so I have this doubt. I have read METAL documentation, which is by far the most used meta-analysis software in both EWAS and GWAS microarray data, but I cannot figure out how would be the input for EWAS analysis. As METAL was originally designed for GWAS, one of the inputs is to provide both the reference and no reference allele. Therefore as EWAS arrays do not rely in allele frequencies but in a quantitative measure, I would like to know how would be the input in METAL regarding this case. Thank you so much in advance for answering this issue (which may be easy, but I certainly do not know)
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Finally I got the answer and is... just do not provide the allele frequencies , the analysis will run fine, reassuring this, here is a Github manual of how to perform an EWAS meta-analysis (https://github.com/ammegandchips/meta_EWAS/blob/master/metal.md) . As you can see the parameters regarding the frequencies and genomic control are off.
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Which explain different types of epigenetic changes and their relation with gene function and disease states.
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Most studies investigating genomic changes due to certain illness report their findings based on assessment done using peripherally withdrawn blood. For disorders related to CNS, how accurate would be the genomic or epigenetic analysis done using blood samples reflects changes taking place in CNS?
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Dear Jaya Kumar, as said by Gregory Dressler, as far as epigentics is concerned, changes should be observed in the cell type / tissue / organ of interest and compared between healthy and diseased donors. Of course, this is not easy in human beings, that's why animal models are very useful. For genomic changes, the rule mostly apply, in terms of gene expression and / or genetic mutations. However, blood samples can contain micro-vesicles and/or circulating DNA from a diseased organ (mostly used in cancers) that reflect part of the disease identity (DNA mutations, non-coding RNAs, sometimes part of the transcriptome), and therefore might be worth comparing between individuals. It's easier and less invasive for people to take a small amount of blood, and is called "liquid biopsy".
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Hi, I'm a psychology student and want to know that intergenerational and parent's jobs affect mental activities or not?
For example, if your grandfather was an engineer does it affect your spatial intelligence?
I think it's related to evolution, epigenetic and Lamarckism subjects.
I hope you can help me.
Best regards,
Sahar Saberijamal
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  1. My parents and grant parents only went upto primary school and have never gone to secondary school or college. And I have worked in number one Hospital (Mayo Clinic) and 1st or 2nd rank University in the world (Stanford). My father even did not understand the meaning of PhD. It did not affect my mental activities. Their education did not affect but their good behaviour and openness and continuous encouragement certainly affected my mental ability in a positive way and gave me encouragement to succeed in my life irrespective of what I wanted to achieve. The answer to your question is NO.
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Cancer tumor change bucause it´s an independent animal using the normal mechanism and resources in his own benefit and all the time the tumor found ways to scape from therapies and from the normal mechanism of conttrol, in other way epigenetic has a very important influence in the couse of disesase and in therapies results.
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Yes it´s and I try ton found the right place of hope to our cancer patients about precissioin medicine. Thanks
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As we see that the speed breeding is mainly based on considerable modifications in the plant growth environments to gain rapid generation advancements, does such pre-disposal of plants to changing environments have epigenetic influences over generations?
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Environmental impact on speed breeding has not yet studied but the environmental influence on plant aspect like morphological changes and nutrient changes have been studied so for.
Regards
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I have bam files (3 IP and 3 input) from a RIP-seq experiment. I need to split each unique mapped reads bam file based on read strand in order to calculate then strand-specific read coverage along human genome.
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Hi Manuel
you can use the flags in the bam files to extract the reads mapping in sense/antisense. Let's assume that you have single-end reads and you want the reads mapping in the positive strand, you can use this command:
samtools view -F 16 -b -o positive_strand.bam INPUT.BAM
-F means that you want to discard the reads with the flag 16. This flag is for the reads mapping on the negative strand.
If you want the reads mapping on the negative strand:
samtools view -f 16 -b -o positive_strand.bam INPUT.BAM
You can look at this website to see the flags corresponding to different combinations of mapping features: https://broadinstitute.github.io/picard/explain-flags.html
I hope this can be helpful,
Riccardo
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Can anyone help with literature on reactions of Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), or its degradation products such as (Aminomethyl)phosphonic acid with Fluoride, HF or Fluorine? Material safety data sheets simply state that they are incompatible with Fluorine. Of interest are reports of complexes of Uranium and Europium where Glyphosate and Fluoride are brought into close proximity. This brings into question the wider subject of Fluoride attack on Phosphorus in biological systems and the basis of observed epigenetic interference with human genes.
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Dear Geof,
I had a look at material safety data sheet of Glyphosate and it states that this compound is sensitive to fluorine due to high oxidation potential of F2.
This seems reasonable as C-P bond in Glyphosate looks like something that can get oxidised quite easily. I have found a couple of articles supporting this hypothesis:
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I'd like to purchase some custom DNA microarrays, circa 100K spot density and 30mers in length. Would anyone be able to recommend a company?
thanks
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You can visit this website http://www.sciomics.de/services/microarray-printing. Hope this helps
Regards
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I would like to construct truncated TFs to performed protein interaction and luciferase coactivation assay. I am not sure where tag should be inserted. TFs have different domains. Should the tag be away from the most critical domains. Are there any general principles for determination of tag inserted positions?
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Dear Umut Erdogdu ,
Sebastian Schmitt
,
Thank you for your suggestions. It is very helpful.
Best regards.
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If the parent has adpkd1, and it passed down to the child, is the truncating vs. non-truncating characteristic of the mutation passed down too? If the parent has a truncating adpkd1 gene, does that mean that the child will also automatically have the truncating adpkd1 gene? Or is it still possible that the child could still have a non-truncating adpkd1 gene? Trying to understand if truncating is passed on exactly or more of an epigenetics thing where it depends on lifestyle factors.
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I do not believe I am following Greg and Sang. So, let's say the parent has a truncating pkd1 gene, the other parent does not have any disease, and they have two daughters. Assuming that both daughters unfortunately inherited the pkd1 gene from the diseased parent, can it be assumed that both daughters also have the truncated nature? Could one have non-truncating and the other truncating? Could the healthy parent's gene influence the truncating or non-truncating nature of the mutation of the daughters?
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Hi,
i am currently looking for an experiment alternative to southern blot. I heard that pcr based assays give results quickly ( let's say within few hours). I want to perform sybr green relied pcr to detect copy number of my interested gene in the human genome like in southern blot. however, I couldn't find a proper protocol. If you address a protocol or share your experience, I will appreciate.
Thanks.
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Agree with the author above. If there are multiple copies of GOI scattered around genome, Southern blot may not resolve all of them, and qPCR may also be inconclusive. You may need to do NGS using long read platform to convulsively determine the copy number. qPCR is handy for an estimate.
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As nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic understanding is increasing should resources still be spent on developing population-wide recommendations for longevity, prevention of chronic disease and treatment of chronic disease?
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In short, yes. Vaguely, there has to be a baseline set of recommendations; a starting point if you like. This is to be tailored downstream, on a personalised fashion, to meet individual needs that derive from interindividual genetic variations. By default, treating an individual entails tailoring general recommendations to meet their needs, and for example consider an acute scenario of an ICU patient receiving TPN. Bearing in mind that the practice of registered practitioners is not only evidence-based, but also governed by professional codes of conduct and national recommendations (e.g. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK), I believe that the real question is how much value does nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic information really add in everyday practice.
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Hi everyone, I'm working on seagrass samples and I was thinking of preserving the tissues for methylation analysis in silica gel. Do you think it could have any influence on epigenetic mechanisms and therefore it is better to use liquid nitrogen directly?
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Hello Jessica,
If you are talking about DNA methylation - it its really stable and can be profiled from minute amount of DNA. However, in plants some methylation might be more prone to changes under stress - such as those induced during sample collection. Maybe for seagrass you can keep the samples in good condition up until genomic DAN extraction. You idea was to cast them into a gel and then process with molecular analyses? maybe you can snap freeze the samples like this for long term storage?
I hope this helps a little.
Cheers,
Antoine.
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Here is a question:
Suppose you have T cell "A" that gets activated by cognate antigen and differentiates into an effector cell.
Part of the differentiation is epigenetic programming into an effector cell fate. Activation results in its engaging the cell cycle and proliferating into Cells "B" and "C" Do cells "B" and "C" inherit the effector epigenome? Or do they start as naive T cells until they see antigen?
In other words, suppose that only cell "A" sees antigen and becomes an effector, do cells "B" and "C" become effectors by default? Thank you...
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I am not an immunologist, but I believe they would inherit the effector phenotype if differentiation is truly an epigenetic phenomenon.
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I'm trying to understand epigenetic variability but the study I'm performing involves measuring the gene expression in a given region according to the SNP's alleles associated with the increase of that gene's expression. But epigenetic is related to heritable variations that affect the phenotype without affecting the DNA sequence, so can SNPs be used in this study?
I'm new in the genetics field and really confused in this matter, any help would be appreciated! Thank you
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Parham has given a correct answer, SNP is not an epigenetic modification, it's a genetic modification, it's a mutation. But SNP could be an excellent marker to correlate different levels of allele expression and allele structure. Even though the SNP could not be directly responsible of this variation in expression level, it can be linked to other mutations on the same allele sequence so giving the opportunity to establish the causal relation.
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I'm developing a MethyLight assay to verify a specific CpG site in a promoter region of my interest gene in rats. Unfortunately, I don't have a lot of choices to design the probe and primers, since I have a specific target. Besides that, after the treatment with bisulfite, the DNA lost the complexity because of the cytosines unmethylated turning in thymine, leading to a lack of cytosine in the sequence. Thus, the Tm of my primers and probes are low (45°C for primers and 55°C for probes). Is possible the qPCR still work with these parameters?
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Andrei S. Babenka Thanks for your help.
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I am currently working on the epigenetic (methylation) aspect of coronary artery disease. After short-listing a list of CpG sites with the help of microarray data I am currently working on HRM to semi-quantitate the extent of methylation of few sites.
The standards procured are mixed in equimolar concentration and 0% ,25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. All the input DNA are maintained at 20ng/ul.
However, in the process of standardization, I am facing a concurrent issue where a few samples are consistently coming as beyond 100%. How can I interpret this data?
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I can only think that the standards were having problem.
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Mack et al studied subtypes of three ependymoma(same histopathology) brain tumors and found that one subtype carries an intrachromosomal translocation that creates a new tumor-driving gene, another lacks tumor-driving mutations but has aberrant epigenetic modifications, and a third shows neither gene mutations nor epigenetic aberrations. There were three genotype but one cancer phenotype. Similarly Martincorena and colleagues found thousands of mutations in cancer-relevant genes, including cancer-driver genes, in normal eyelid epidermis .(multiple cancer genotypes but no cancer phenotype).
In disparate classes of biological systems, there are more genotypes than phenotypes. Where sufficient information exists to enumerate these phenotypes, there are exponentially more genotypes than phenotypes, as a function of the number of system parts. This means that any one phenotype typically has many genotypes that form it.
In a brief, cancer is the decision of the cell to choose the innovative/adaptive phenotype and understanding the genotype does not mean understanding cancer.
References
1. Mack, S. C., Witt, H., Piro, R. M., Gu, L., Zuyderduyn, S., Stütz, A. M., et al. (2014). Epigenomic alterations define lethal CIMP-positive ependymomas of infancy. Nature 506, 445–450.
2. Martincorena, I., Roshan, A., Gerstung, M., Ellis, P., Van Loo, P., McLaren, S., et al. (2015). High burden and pervasive positive selection of somatic mutations in normal human skin. Science 348, 880–886.
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Answer of the question
Cancer is name of the a kind phenotype not genotype
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As described above.
I think this is a most intriguing issue in terms of better understanding of many human diseases.
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This is a broad technical question involving various mechanistic steps. It is currently established that epigenetic marks (involving methylation and acetylation of the histone and the DNA) make a huge contribution in the genome (within the nucleasome) and sometimes (not all time) become inherited.
To this question, mutation in the sequence of the bases is one alteration that ensued which is transferable to subsequent generation.
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I will perform a MethyLight assay with DNA of brain rats tissue. Wich control should I use to normalize de methylation percent of reaction? We found inventoried controls for humans, but not for rats.
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Liying Yan Thanks so much for your help.
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I would like to analyse epigenetic changes in response to dietary phytochemical supplementation in humans.
Can anyone explain if this is feasible and how would such analysis be conducted?
Thanks.
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This article will help you to conduct epigenetic analysis in a clinical nutrition
from a randomized controlled trial. Good luck!!
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Hello everybody, I am working in a conifer tree species, initially i need to propagate the plant through callus, i have established the callus induction but i struggle to regenerate the plant through callus, so i have planned to regenerate the plant through epigenetic remodeling. can we regenerate the plant through DNA methylation process..? i looked at the protocol for this. i would appreciate if anyone have experience in the plant regeneration via epigenetics. Thank you.
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You may find useful these references:
However, epigenetic remodelling is not something you can manipulate at will, it depends on the cell developmental state, the tissue type, the environmental conditions, and the hormonal stimuli present.
My advice is look for available regeneration protocols for close relatives of the species you want to regenerate and test how these work on your case.
Most trees, including conifers, have extremely large genomes with high duplication and tend to have a large number of transposable elements of various classes. It may be hard to promote plant embryogenesis from callus, and sometimes direct organogenesis is more effective.
An example:
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Epigenetics is the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. Genetics involve with change of DNA sequence. Then what is more effecting.....
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Thank you.
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Autism: genetic, environment or epigenetic ?
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Please take a look at this useful RG link.
Thanks!
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Hi, I'm going to research on mechanisms by which cells differentiate in different directions at the epigenetic level. And I choose WGBS to study DNA methylation. Do you have any suggestions on what does the WGBS data sue for, or any research ideas on my project, or any related articles?Thanks!!!
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I am currently mining epigenome data available on line to describe the epigenetic changes of certain gene loci in cancer cell lines.
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