Science topic

Communicable Disease Control - Science topic

Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.
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What are the most effective methods for controlling parasites in aquaculture operations, and what are the potential risks and benefits of each method?
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Control of external parasites usually revolves around the use of insecticides. These usually are a pyrethrin or an organophosphate. Strategies or combinations of strategies for delivery include: dust bags, back-rubbers (oilers), animal sprays, pour-ons, and insecticide impregnated ear tags. Because most parasites that infect fish are microscopic, it is necessary to view diagnostic samples under a light microscope. Skin scrapings and gill biopsies can detect external parasites. There are 2 tiers of recommended precautions to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings: Standard Precautions and Transmission-Based Precautions. Prevention of fish disease is accomplished through good water quality management, nutrition and sanitation. Without this foundation it is impossible to prevent outbreaks of opportunistic diseases. The fish is constantly bathed in potential pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
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In your opinion, which country is most successful in control over COVID-19 spread so far? Please share the reasons in favor of your choice.
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Please also take a look at this useful link.
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Is the new strain of corona virus susceptible to heat? Skimming the map supplies the idea that it is, and many unpublished research suggest that heat might slow down the virus.
If so why raising temperature indoors to say around 30 C or more is not among the WHO recommendations to cut down possible transmission of this virus indoors?
For instance in Iraq people set their AC up to 30 C at winter, even though the winter season in Iraq is not that cold. I heard that people in NY and other places set their indoor temperature to around 21 C while they are living in a rather harsh winter season, 21 C seems to be a very nice temperature level for the virus to thrive on surfaces indoors, or even to be transmitted through air indoors, and thereby easing its transmission.
To re-iterate my question:
Why the WHO and other CDC services are not advocating setting temperature indoors to 30 C or higher coupled with increasing hydration and frequent drinking of water and liquids to keep the throat moist, at least in cold places that are hit hard by the virus?
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I am not an expert, but if that is the case shouldn’t hotter climates should have less cases. I have not see evidence that confirms that. We have to be careful to not give out the wrong information...there were people who believed consuming alcohol would prevent the virus. We know that is not true.
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Over the past 6 months, the number of patients with Covid -19 in China has not increased , but the number of patients in other countries to rise, . What do you think about this? What is the reason?
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May be due to strict prevention strategies and actions
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I'm wondering if the common understanding of health project managers about the vector borne diseases is global issue why they deal with it locally, although that will not fix it at all, because even if we thought it disappear it's going to re emerge soon.
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The vector borne diseases are no more a local issue. With people and cargo moving globally at a great pace the possibility of vectors moving to other unknown areas are incresing manifold. This requires an international monitoring.
The global warming and climate change also have an impact on the spread of vectors to new areas and needs to be looked into globally as well as locally. 
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I believe that keeping children out of daycare or school to reduce risk of infection may actually leave them more vulnerable if they are exposed. However, I can't back up this idea with research or prove that it is true. Is it true? Is there research to support this idea? Many children with disabilities have some degree of immune compromise or increased susceptibility. Might this also be true for children with weak immune systems?
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Essential book for you to read is An Epidemic Of Absence by Moishe Velasques-Manoff. It will open your eyes
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NCDs already disproportionately affect low- and middle-income countries where nearly 80% of NCD deaths – 29 million – occur. They are the leading causes of death in all regions except Africa, but current projections indicate that by 2020 the largest increases in NCD deaths will occur in Africa.
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I agree with you that the NCDs are emerging as neglected tropical diseases . They contribute to about 50% of mortality in developing countries . Coronary artery disease , Strokes , Cancer , COPD , Chronic Kidney disease & Chronic Liver Disease are some of the important NCDs which occur due to risk factors such Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , Lipid disorders , Obesity , Alcohol consumption & smoking . Infrastructure to diagnose these risk factors & treat NCDs are urgently needed . Primary prevention & health care including primary , secondary & tertiary care has to be established in both urban & rural areas . The treatment is expensive & lifelong . The emphasis should be on preventive health & primary care to treat risk factors & prevent complications of NCDs , which are difficult to treat & are very expensive at tertiary care level . This is very essential for the lower middle class & poor patients who cannot afford expensive treatment . Therefore , Guidelines to prevent & treat NCDs are urgently needed which is relevant to each country. In addition , Neglected tropical Infectious diseases should not be ignored .
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For controlling an H1N1 epidemic it is necessary to prevent every chance of contracting infection. Generally we isolate confirmed suspected cases (the patients whose samples are under lab process and have symptoms like swine flu), but not the contacts of the suspected case.
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In Italian experience, only for subject with major risk factor every contact should be avoided. I mean: pregnant women, COPD patients, and so on. Interesting, in our 2009-2010 database, people younger < 30 y were at significantly increased risk for pulmonary complication requiring respiratory support.