Bioinstrumentation - Science topic

The family of MAX phases and their two‐dimensional derivative MXenes attract significant attention due to their unparalleled properties. Synthesis of MAX phases and MXene from biomass sources is important to expand their biology‐related applications, while it remains a challenge. The present work explores the possibility to synthesize MAX phases an...

Background Bioinstrumentation is essential to biomedical engineering (BME) undergraduate education and professional practice. Several strategies have been suggested to provide BME students with hands-on experiences throughout the curriculum, promoting their preparedness to pursue careers in industry and academia while increasing their learning and...

An environmentally friendly substitute for proprietary equipment is the Poseidon syringe pumps and microscopy system. Assembly guidelines and the source files are available at https://pachterlab.github.io/poseidon for under four hundred dollars and require only one hour of work. We described the Poseidon mechanism. Demonstrate design principles...

When the eye uses the brain and heart, the cardiovascular and nervous systems integrate and interact. Because changes in retinal microcirculation are independent predictors of cardiovascular events, the eye serves as a "display" to the cardiovascular system and brain. The eye, which has two circulatory systems and a rich vascular supply, is a prime...

An environmentally friendly substitute for proprietary equipment is the Poseidon syringe pumps and microscopy system. Assembly guidelines and the source files are available at https://pachterlab.github.io/poseidon for under four hundred dollars and require only one hour of work. We described the Poseidon mechanism. Demonstrate design principles for...

An environmentally friendly substitute for proprietary equipment is the Poseidon syringe pumps and microscopy system. Assembly guidelines and the source files are available at https://pachterlab.github.io/poseidon for under four hundred dollars and require only one hour of work. We described the Poseidon mechanism. Demonstrate design principles for...

INTRODUCTION Although acne is generally viewed as the result of a localized immune response at the pilosebaceous unit, it is a condition with multifactorial etiology. While conventional treatments have focused primarily on the four major pathogenic factors, nutraceuticals offer an alternative or complementary approach to address more systemic, inte...

italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Goal: For personalized clinical applications, flexible conductors require both high electrical conductivity and resistance to stretching and bending. Here, we developed a two-dimensional array sinusoidal wave (TDAS) conductor, characterized its electri...

Personalized medicine transforms healthcare by adapting interventions to individuals’ unique genetic, molecular, and clinical profiles. To maximize diagnostic and/or therapeutic efficacy, personalized medicine requires advanced imaging devices and sensors for accurate assessment and monitoring of individual patient conditions or responses to therap...

The undergraduate curriculum in biomedical engineering at the University of Illinois Chicago emphasizes problem-based learning with a focus on as much hands-on project work as possible. To that end, our 100-level Introduction to BME course integrates CAD design, 3d printing and microprocessors to achieve learning outcomes. A 200-level course introd...

Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that has become popular and relevant in numerous biological and medical applications due to the miniaturization and parallelization of standard laboratory procedures into a small device called microfluidic chip. Together with peripheral instruments, users are able to perform experiments in a high-throughp...

Polarimetry, which seeks to measure the vectorial information of light modulated by objects, has facilitated bionic geolocation and navigation applications. It is a novel and promising field that provides humans with a remote sensing tool to exploit polarized skylight in a similar way to polarization-sensitive animals, and yet few in-depth reviews...

Background: Around 15 million premature babies are born annually, requiring specialized care. Incubators are vital for maintaining their body temperature, which is crucial for their well-being. Ensuring optimal conditions in incubators, including constant temperature, oxygen control, and comfort, is essential for improving the care and survival ra...

Purpose There is growing interest in combining topical treatments with aesthetic procedures to combat signs of aging skin. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a novel cosmetic serum containing 5 different forms of HA (HA⁵ DG) when used via a proprietary diamond-tip microdermabrasion procedure (DG) to treat skin dryness, fine...

Advanced technologies in bioinstrumentation allows easy monitoring of biometric signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration. In order to improve unreliable monitoring due to missing RR intervals (RRIs), this paper proposes a missing RRI complement method based on respiratory features. The proposed method first selects respiratory featur...

Skin exfoliators, specifically alpha and beta hydroxy acids, have been shown to improve overall skin health and the clinical signs of aging. A micropeeling cream was developed with hydroxy acids and a brown algae extract and the efficacy and tolerability were evaluated in two parts. In the first part of the pre-clinical investigation, the micropeel...

The article examines the peculiarities of cognitive and translational aspects of studying English and Ukrainian terminology of biomedical engineering. It is noted that the specialized language of such an interdisciplinary field as biomedical engineering contains concepts that concentrate specific knowledge of technical, medical and topically scient...

Background: Aging of neck and jawline skin is caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors and is evidenced by wrinkling, laxity, skin dyspigmentation, loss of the mandibular contour, accumulation of submental fat, density loss, and prominent platysma bands. Early intervention with topical cosmeceuticals, especially in younger subjects with "tech nec...

Diabetes is a serious health condition that requires patients to regularly monitor their blood glucose level, making the development of practical, compact, and non-invasive techniques essential. Optical glucose sensors—and, specifically, NIR sensors—have the advantages of being non-invasive, compact, inexpensive, and user-friendly devices. However,...

The use of student-centered approaches in the classroom has been shown to improve student learning. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated the educational benefits of integrating technology and video in diverse classroom environments (1-5). In this work, we aimed to introduce research-based pedagogical approaches that have been shown to impr...

This chapter introduces applications of Artificial Intelligence algorithms to resolve Biomedical Engineering problems through Evolutionary Algorithms using the evolution of the species, trying to emulate the natural evolution, including “Genetic Algorithms,” “Swarm Algorithms,” “traditional search methods,” “optimization of numeric value problems i...

Monitoring of anatomical structures and physiological processes by electrical impedance has attracted scientists as it is noninvasive, nonionizing and the instrumentation is relatively simple. Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is attractive in this context, as it has enhanced sensitivity at the central region directly beneath the electrode configurati...

Our daily action selection processes are guided by conscious and unconscious behaviors. Being able to measure these signals may provide a clue into how we make decisions and allow us to create better systems that can help us during these action selection processes. A flexible and easy to manufacture tool was needed to bootstrap the research in this...

Electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronization is useful to avoid the effects of cardiac motion in medical measurements, and is widely used in standard medical imaging. A number of medical equipment include embedded commercial synchronizers. However, the use of independent synchronization modules is sometimes needed when several non-integrated instruments...

In this paper we present SpikeOnChip, a custom embedded platform for neuronal activity recording and online analysis. The SpikeOnChip platform was developed in the context of automated drug testing and toxicology assessments on neural tissue made from human induced pluripotent stem cells. The system was developed with the following goals: to be sma...

Background: Topical moisturizers, such as humectants containing glycerin and hyaluronic acid (HA), are the first-line treatments for preventing and treating xerosis; they work by increasing the water content in the stratum corneum. Because humectants vary widely in their water-binding and skin-penetrating capabilities, an improved moisture delivery...

With the commercialization of autonomous driving technology and diversification of how passengers spend their time, it is concerned that a mismatch between somatosensory and visual information induces motion sickness. However, no effective quantitative method using physiological indices in driving conditions of a vehicle has been found out. The obj...

Biosciences and Bioengineering (BBB) is the book descriptive about various instruments and their functions as microscopy, chromatography, centrifugation, bioreactor, large scale fermenters, electrophoresis types, molecular techniques PCR, Genome sequencers, etc.

CHAIRMAN’S WELCOME MESSAGE As General Chairman of the IMEKO XIX World Congress it is an honour and a privilege to welcome you to Lisbon, capital of Portugal, the western continental European country that in, the 15th century, gave new worlds to the World. The theme chosen for the Congress is “Fundamental and Applied Metrology”. By choosing this the...

Noble metal nanodots have been applied to plasmonic devices, catalysts, and highly sensitive detection in bioinstruments. We have been studying the fabrications of them through a laser-induced dot transfer (LIDT) technique, a type of laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT), in which nanodots several hundred nm in diameter are produced via a solid–liq...

Background Gastric motility disorders, which include both functional and organic etiologies, are highly prevalent. However, there remains a critical lack of objective biomarkers to guide efficient diagnostics and personalized therapies. Bioelectrical activity plays a fundamental role in coordinating gastric function and has been investigated as a c...

CEMBR 2021 - The 4th Workshop on Recent Advances in Computational and Engineering Methods in Biomedicine and Rehabilitation (CEMBR) SCOPE: During the last decade digital technologies not just paved the main directions of development and innovation, but reshaped the research space itself to the great extent, becoming central pillar of progress. The...

In the last three decades, the development and steady improvement of various optical technologies at the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum has inspired a large number of scientists around the world to design and develop functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) systems for various medical applications. This has been driven fu...

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of fatality and disability worldwide, partly due to the occurrence of secondary injury and late interventions. Correct diagnosis and timely monitoring ensure effective medical intervention aimed at improving clinical outcome. However, due to the limitations in size and cost of current amb...

OTTO is an open-source automated liquid handler that can be fabricated at a cost of $1,500 using off-the-shelf and 3D-printable parts as an alternative to commercial devices. Open-source approaches have been applied to build syringe pumps, centrifuges, and other laboratory equipment. These devices are affordable but generally rely on a single motor...

Assessment of neuromuscular function is critical for understanding pathophysiological changes related to motor system dysfunction in many rodent disease models. Among methods used for quantification of grip performance in rodents, gauge-based grip strength meters provide the most reliable results, however, such instruments are unaffordable by many...

Bioinstrumentation refers to high-tech, often costly instrumentation used to conduct cutting edge research in the biological sciences. Bioinstrumentation is the development of technologies for the measurement and manipulation of parameters within biological systems, focusing on the application of engineering tools for scientific discovery and for t...

The simultaneity between the current information and communication technologies (ICT), which with the current industrial revolution classified as 4.0, aims that all the everyday objects with which a person interacts allow to provide relevant information of a specific environment through Internet. The field of medicine and more specifically, medical...

Background: It is widely accepted by the scientific community that bioelectrical signals, which can be used for the identification of neurophysiological biomarkers indicative of a diseased or pathological state, could direct patient treatment towards more effective therapeutic strategies. However, the design and realisation of an instrument that c...

SCOPE: The increasing amount of innovations from the digital technologies and scientific breakthroughs permanently bring new developments and advances in both academic and industrial communities. The recent shifts in biomedical and healthcare research space result from the convergence research model leveraged by highly multidisciplinary approaches...

The poseidon syringe pump and microscope system is an open source alternative to commercial systems. It costs less than $400 and can be assembled in under an hour using the instructions and source files available at https://pachterlab.github.io/poseidon. We describe the poseidon system and use it to illustrate design principles that can facilitate...

Objective: Recording of local field potentials (LFPs) during deep brain stimulation (DBS) is necessary to investigate the instantaneous brain response to stimulation, minimize time delays for closed-loop neurostimulation and maximise the available neural data. To our knowledge, existing recording systems lack the ability to provide artefact-free h...

This paper presents the development, implementation and assessment of a practice guide designed to support the course of microcontrollers named UDA-µBioLab. This guide allows to consolidate the knowledge about the different peripherals of the microcontroller and introduces the students in the area of Bioinstrumentation through the acquisition of bi...

Heat dissipation during magnetization reversal processes in magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), upon exposure to alternating magnetic fields (AMF), has been extensively studied in relation to applications in magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). This current paper demonstrates the design, fabrication, and evaluation of three innovative advances in bioinstru...

The poseidon syringe pump and microscope system is an open source alternative to commercial systems. It costs less than $400 and can be assembled in under an hour using the instructions and source files available at https://pachterlab.github.io/poseidon. We describe the poseidon system and use it to illustrate design principles that can facilitate...

SCOPE: We are witnessing the big shifts in biomedical and healthcare research space brought by the synergy of life, physical, and engineering sciences. These shifts are the result of the convergence research model leveraged by highly multidisciplinary technologies that involve micro-and nanotechnology, biotechnology, computation, advanced materials...

Hybrid white light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been developed utilizing micro-LEDs radiatively pumping down-conversion phosphor materials. The cyan InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) LEDs with 95 μm in square are fabricated into 4×4 pixels as one unit in 4 inch wafer by photolithography and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching techniques. T...

This chapter studies the gait variability (GV) from kinetics measurement of 3D-GRF of both limbs: vertical ground reaction force, medial-lateral force, and anterior-posterior force. We used typical signal processing algorithm to calculate GV, obtaining a special matrix gait cycle (MGC), where MGC is a matrix that contains all the gait cycles separa...

Applied Biomechatronics Using Mathematical Models provides an appropriate methodology to detect and measure diseases and injuries related to human kinematics and kinetics. This book features mathematical models that, when applied to engineering principles and techniques in the medical field, can be used in assistive devices that work with bodily si...

This chapter studies with examples the first step to implement a solution for Applied Biomechatronics using Mathematical Models: Data acquisition. The chapter also explains the different types of signals that can be obtained from the real world: analog, discrete, and digital. Moreover, it describes the process to sample analog signals and convert t...

Laboratory Manual for Bio-instrumentation, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Enzyme Technology. This Book will help UG and PG students to perform their experiments.This is very simple book written in very simple language. Care has taken that every student will be benfited.

Department of Botany, VPM’s B. N. Bandodkar College of Science, Thane, Maharashtra, India celebrates Green Earth with “Multidisciplinary International Conference on Green Earth: A Panoramic View” in 12th and 13th January 2018. Earth is home to billions of plants and animals. Mother Earth is the source of life; she provides everything we need to liv...

This chapter studies the eight basic pathologic gaits attributed to neurological conditions, explaining the main characteristics of each one, as well as their related diseases and movement disorders. Furthermore, the chapter deducts what kind of Bioinstruments can be used for each different gait analysis and proposes a synchronized system to evalua...

Rapid advances in clinical technologies, detection sensitivity and analytical throughput have delivered a significant expansion in our knowledge of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in many common infectious diseases, such as Tuberculosis (TB). During the last decade, a significant number of approaches to TB diagnosis have been attempted at Poin...

We present a complete biosensing system that comprises a Thin Film Transistor (TFT)-based nanoribbon biosensor and a low noise, high-performance bioinstrumentation platform, capable of detecting sub-30 mpH unit changes, validated by an enzymatic biochemical reaction. The nanoribbon biosensor was fabricated top-down with an ultra-thin (15 nm) polysi...

Ta/Ru/Co/Ru/Co/Cu/Co/Ni80Fe20/Ta spin-valve giant magnetoresistive (GMR) multilayers were deposited using UHV magnetron sputtering and optimized to achieve a 13% GMR ratio before patterning. The GMR multilayer was patterned into 12 sensor arrays using a combination of e-beamand optical lithographies. Arrays were constructed with 400 nm × 400 nmand...

The main objective of the project is to develop an open source embedded system based ECG holter device for the patients. Since the population of the elderly people is getting higher, heart related diseases has also been increasing in the world. Due to the limited opportunities and challenges of hospitals, patients are having difficulties for contin...

Editorial Biomedical Engineering (BME) is one of the youngest disciplines in engineering and has made tremendous progress in the last few decades. Bioinstrumentation is the application of electronics and measurement techniques to develop devices used in diagnosis and treatment of disease. This has been aided by rapid advancements in Semiconductor T...

To investigate the impact of viscosity and peristaltic transport parameters on manometric pressure signatures, a reproducible swallowing process is required. Due to inter- and intra-subject variability from swallow to swallow, the human body does not represent an optimal mechanism for such an investigation. A smooth and continuous swallowing soft-r...

Physiological and psychological biometric data parameters were collected and analyzed from different flight participants during aerobatic maneuvers at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University using various instrumentation. These flight participants were subject to high-stress during the G-training maneuvers that produced variable G-forces (+4G to -2G)...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been identified as an important cause of death and severe disability in all age groups and particularly in children and young adults. Central to TBIs devastation is a delayed secondary injury that occurs in 30–40% of TBI patients each year, while they are in the hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Secondary injuries...

In the current automobile industry, the demand for ultra-compact vehicles as a means of transportation within a local area for elderly people, for example, for shopping, has been increasing. The effect of vibration of such vehicles on ride comfort is significant because of their small size and light weight, and it increases the discomfort perceived...

Currently, cerebrovascular diseases are one of the main health problems. Part of the patient’s rehabilitation process, affected by this disease, is manually performed by a physiotherapist, which, due to physical exhaustion, could affect the performance of patient recovery. In this paper is proposed a robotic exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitatio...

Currently, cerebrovascular diseases are one of the main health problems. Part of the patient’s rehabilitation process, affected by this disease, is manually performed by a physiotherapist, which, due to physical exhaustion, could affect the performance of patient recovery. In this paper is proposed a robotic exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitatio...

Mushroom Biotechnology: Developments and Applications is a comprehensive book that provides a better understanding of the main interactions between biological, chemical, and physical factors directly involved in biotechnological procedures of using mushrooms as bioremediation tools, highly nutritive food sources, and biological helpers in healing s...

This paper presents the configuration and digital signal processing details of a tablet-based hearing aid transmitting wirelessly to standard earphones, whereby the tablet performs full sound processing rather than solely providing a means of setting adjustment by streaming to conventional digital hearing aids. The presented device confirms the rec...

Currently, cerebrovascular diseases are one of the main health problems. Part of the patient’s rehabilitation process, affected by this disease, is manually performed by a physiotherapist, which, due to physical exhaustion, could affect the performance of patient recovery. In this paper is proposed a robotic exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitatio...

The biomedical engineering program is designed to integrate engineering and medical research spanning from the mechanics of man made materials investigations using engineering methods to explore fundamental physiological processes. Major emphasis of this program are in the areas of biomaterials, biomechanics, cardiovascular and biofluid mechanics,...

Understanding customer requirements is most important for a conceptual design. Successful companies are providing the highest quality service by which customer receives a satisfaction through the Kando experience. Thus, an element of customer satisfaction is necessary for the great success in business. Therefore, authors have proposed the Idea Crea...

Currently, cerebrovascular diseases are one of the main health problems. Part of the patient’s rehabilitation process, affected by this disease, is manually performed by a physiotherapist, which, due to physical exhaustion, could affect the performance of patient recovery. In this paper is proposed a robotic exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitatio...

Currently, cerebrovascular diseases are one of the main health problems. Part of the patient's rehabilitation process, affected by this disease, is manually performed by a physiotherapist, which, due to physical exhaustion, could affect the performance of patient recovery. In this paper is proposed a robotic exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitatio...

Decreasing balance ability in older adults increases the risk of falls. According to the literature, two balance strategies are revealed, ankle strategy and hip strategy. The aim of this paper is to study the postural stability of the one leg stance on the frontal plane and verify the strategy used in older adults. A hypothesis about two different...

Certain properties of nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, could be the basis for a new range of potential biomedical applications as, for example: quantify contrast agent concentration in MRI, identification of metabolic pathways and distribution of magnetic compounds when used as drug delivery or cellular biomarkers, the use of power absorption durin...

In this study, a novel method of preparation of cryogels based on oxidised dextran (Ox.D) and gelatin (Gel) without sodium borohydride is proposed. The physico-chemical properties of obtained hydrogels were investigated. It was found that the stability of cryogels Ox.D–Gel is significantly depended on pH, and mechanical properties were improved aft...

In 2013 we implemented blended teaching in one of the core biomedical engineering classes Bioinstrumentation (BME 310) in the Biomedical Engineering Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. BME 310 is a required sophomore level first course in bioinstrumentation covering clinical and research measurements. Each chapter in the textbook is...

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous mediator, which is generated via anenzymatic reaction of heme oxygenase, and it plays physiological roles to regulate cellular respiration and blood flow in the liver. The concentration and distribution of CO molecules in the living body is unknown owing to a lack of a suitable technique for measuring them in vivo....

We report a near-common-path self-reference quantitative phase microscope, wherein a quantitative phase image is formed through the off-axis interference of the sample wave with a 180-degree rotated version of itself. A pair of dove prisms, oriented in different directions, is used to effect the relative transformation between the beams. Our techni...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is commonly responsible for skin changes including discrete to mild xerosis. Areas covered: This review focuses on some selected relevant bioinstrumental methods assessing diabetes xerosis. Peer-reviewed articles on objective non-invasive methods were scrutinized. The reviewed methods address i) the xerosis severi...

Biomedical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes. This field seeks to close the gap between engineering and medicine: It combines the design and problem solving skills of engineering with medical and biological sciences to advance healthcare treatment, including...

Animal senses cover a broad range of signal types and signal bandwidths and have inspired various sensors and bioinstrumentation devices for biological and medical applications. Insects, such as desert ants and honeybees, for example, utilize polarized skylight pattern-based information in their navigation activities. They reliably return to their...

In the last years there has been increasing interest on Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in several fields, because they can provide a measurement of the orientation, velocity, and acceleration at low cost with high performance. The main reason of the low cost is the possibility to find inertial sensors, as accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetome...

In some patients, psoriasis appears refractory to many treatments, particularly when the disease is confined to some specific body regions. In this respect, palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis are possibly related conditions in their immunopathomechanisms involving Il-12, IL-23, and Th17. Nail psoriasis and scalp psoriasis are two ot...

A wearable amperometric glucose sensor was fabricated and tested. Also, the sensor was utilized to tear glucose monitoring. The sensor was constructed by immobilizing GOD onto a flexible oxygen electrode, which was fabricated using "Soft-MEMS" techniques onto a functional polymer membrane. In purpose of bioinstrumentation, adhesive agents were not...

The objective of this paper is to develop bioinstrumentation for the automatic detection of electromyographic biosignals. Currently, detecting bioelectric signals generated by physiological activity of excitable muscle cells is one of the most attractive research topics in the fieldof Experimental Medical Physics; especially in the field of brain-c...