Autoimmune Disease - Science topic

Superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system is a rare disorder that is caused by chronic or recurrent hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space via a dural defect at the spinal level. The most common clinical features of SS include slow-progressive sensorineural deafness, cerebellar symptoms, and pyramidal tract signs. Considering that SS c...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that primarily affects women(90% of patients) and often develops between the ages of 16 and 55 years (65% of patients).1 Late-onset SLE (defined as onset after the age of 50 years) constitutes 15% of cases; SLE in patients older than 65 years is rarely reported.2 Because older p...

In recent years, phage display technology has become vital in clinical research. It helps create antibodies that can specifically bind to complex antigens, which is crucial for identifying biomarkers and improving diagnostics and treatments. However, existing reviews often overlook its importance in areas outside cancer research. This review aims t...

Vitiligo has been reported to occur in association with lupus erythematosus (LE) and other autoimmune diseases. However, it remains unclear whether this association occurs because of shared immunopathogenesis. We hereby describe a case of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) in a 51-year-old man with a 3 years history of skin lesions on his face, arms...

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are immune system disorders where the body exhibits an immune response to its own antigens, causing damage to its own tissues and organs. The pathogenesis of AIDs is incompletely understood. However, recent advances in immune repertoire sequencing (IR-seq) technology have opened-up a new avenue to study the IR. These stud...

Nano‐delivery systems hold great promise for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Current research efforts are primarily focused on enhancing their targeting capabilities and efficacy. Here, this study proposes a novel viral‐mimicking ternary polyplexes system for the controlled delivery of the anti‐inflammatory drug Cyclosporin A (CsA) to e...

Identification of an early biomarker and effective testing device to differentiate dry eye disease secondary to autoimmune disease (Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye disease) from non-Sjögren’s dry eye disease are prerequisites for appropriate treatment. We aimed to demonstrate the capacity of a new photo-detection device to evaluate tear lactoferrin leve...

Paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks its own tissues, leading to organ damage. Advances in medical technology and the integration of artificial intelligence have significantly reduced the mortality rate of pSLE patients and improved their quality of life. Various studies have...

Plants offer a cost-effective and scalable pharmaceutical platform devoid of host-derived contamination risks. However, their medical application is complicated by the potential for acute allergic reactions to external proteins. Developing plant-based protein therapeutics for localized diseases with non-invasive treatment modalities may capitalize...

Small synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can mimic microbial nucleic acids by interacting with receptor systems and promoting immunostimulatory activities. Nevertheless, some ODNs can act differently on the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) subset, shaping their immunoregulatory properties and rendering them suitable immunotherapeutic tools in...

Autoimmune diseases are typically characterized by aberrant activation of immune system that leads to excessive inflammatory reactions and tissue damage. Nevertheless, precise targeted and efficient therapies are limited. Thus, studies into novel therapeutic targets for the management of autoimmune diseases are urgently needed. Radical S-adenosyl m...

Backgrounds A growing body of evidence has highlighted the interactions of lipids metabolism and immune regulation. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the causality between lipids and autoimmune diseases (ADs), as well as their possibility as drug targets for ADs. Objectives This study was conducted to comprehensively unders...

Introducción: La Epidermólisis Bullosa también conocida como “Piel de mariposa”, es una enfermedad autoinmune “rara y huérfana” que afecta la estructura genética de la epi- dermis, causa la formación de ampollas y retracciones en la piel. Las personas que la pa- decen, la mayoría de las veces, sufren de rechazo y aislamiento. Objetivo: Diseñar una...

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inmuno-mediated mucocutaneous chronical inflammatory disease. Multiple predisposing factors are considered, such as autoimmune response, microorganisms, medications, dental materials, psychological stress, genetic predisposition or nutritional deficiencies. The deficiency of vitamin D has been related to v...

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease associated with high rates of emotional and psychosocial distress. The analysis reported here describes the evolution of measures assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms of anxiety and depression up to week 104 in patients who achieved sustained scalp hair regrowth during treatment...

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, and understanding its genetic and molecular basis is crucial for early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Objective This study aims to explore the association between IL-4 polymorphisms (rs2227284, rs2243267, rs2243270, and rs2243283) and RA risk. Methods The four IL-4 polym...

Estudos sugerem que as doenças autoimunes são acarretadas por um descontrole no sistema imunológico e que o seu desenvolvimento está relacionado com fatores multifatoriais, como genéticos e ambientais. A relação da nutrição e as respostas imunes sistêmicas, atraiu atenção considerável como estratégia no controle das doenças autoimunes. Diante do ex...

To understand the role of T cells in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), we analyzed colonic T cells isolated from patients with UC and controls. Here we identified colonic CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocyte subsets with gene expression profiles resembling stem-like progenitors, previously reported in several mouse models of autoimmune disease. St...

Protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) has emerged as a key protective molecule against systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus), an autoimmune disease characterized by anti-double stranded (ds) DNA IgGs. Although PKCδ-deficient mice and lupus patients with mutated PRKCD genes clearly demonstrate the requirement for PKCδ in preventing lupus autoimmunity,...

Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 have a high incidence of thrombosis that decreases after recovery. When coronavirus disease 2019 is accompanied by diseases prone to thrombosis, risk of post-infection thrombotic events may increase. Case presentation We report a case of digital ischemic gangrene in a 24-year-old Chinese female wit...

Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder associated with various underlyingconditions, including autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS can manifest with a wide range of neurological symptoms, including chorea. We present a case of a 77-year-old man with subacute generalized chorea secondary to primary APS. Notably, the...

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology. It is classified as multicentric because of multisystem involvement. The disease predominantly affects the skin and joints, but visceral involvement is possible. Multiple erythematous-brownish, pruritic nodules and papules on the face, hands, neck, a...

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is frequently associated with autoimmune disease. Although PBC complicated with CREST syndrome (PBC-CREST) has been reported, the long-term outcomes of the affected patients have not been fully investigated. Herein, the long-term outcomes of PBC-CREST were evaluated. Next, the GLOBE and UK-PBC scores were validated...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA sequences that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are involved in the regulation of multiple pathways, related to both physiological and pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). Specifically, SSc is recognized as a complex and m...

Nanotechnology can be used to treat a number of diseases, which are currently the main cause of death in the world, and allow to achieve the desired therapeutic effect for the patient. This mini-review focuses on the analysis of scientific literary sources dealing with the application of nanotechnology in the immunotherapy of diseases and covers th...

Genetic support for a drug target has been shown to increase the probability of success in drug development, with the potential to reduce attrition in the pharmaceutical industry alongside discovering novel therapeutic targets. It is therefore important to maximise the detection of genetic associations that affect disease susceptibility. Convention...

Background: Anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 limbic encephalitis (anti-LGI1 LE) is one of the most frequent autoimmune encephalitis, commonly coexisting with other autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) are commonly associated with autoimmune phenomena. However, neither RA nor M...

To date, treating type I diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a difficult clinical task that is based, from the traditional point of view, exclusively on adjusting an insulin dose and monitoring a daily carbohydrate intake. Dietary changes are not considered a type of treatment in T1D patients yet, although this autoimmune disease is accompanied by disorders...

This case report presents a remarkable convergence of autoimmune diseases in a young female patient who initially presented with syncope and was subsequently diagnosed with pericardial effusion-induced cardiac tamponade. Through meticulous investigation, she was found to have Hashimoto’s thyroiditis alongside an atypical presentation of systemic lu...

New strategies for the rapid development of broad‐spectrum antiviral therapies are urgently required for emerging and re‐emerging viruses like the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Host‐directed antivirals that target universal cellular metabolic pathways necessary for viral replication present a promising approach with...

Background The role of TROVE domain family member 2 (TROVE2) has been well-demonstrated in autoimmune diseases; however, its involvement in liver cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the biological function and clinical significance of TROVE2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The expression level of TROVE2 was an...

Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate whether anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) seropositivity and antigen specificity at diagnosis have predictive utility in paediatric-onset small vessel vasculitis. Methods Children and adolescents with small vessel vasculitis (n=406) stratified according to the absence (n=41) or presen...

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle fatigability due to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies. To better characterize juvenile MG (JMG), we analyzed 85 pre- and 132 post-pubescent JMG (with a cutoff age of 13) compared to 721 adult MG patients under 40 years old using a French database. Clinical data, anti...

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune disease, causing severe disability due to relapses, but recent mortality data are limited. Among 396 patients seropositive for anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody from 2014 to 2020 in the United Kingdom, 39 deaths occurred: 19 (48.7%) were unrelated to disease; 14 (35.9%) were severe disability‐ or rela...

A20, the central inhibitor of NFκB, has multiple anti-inflammatory properties, making it an interesting target in kidney autoimmune disease and transplant biology. It has been shown to be able to inhibit inflammatory functions in macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells in various ways, leading to less tissue damage and better graft outco...

Vitiligo is considered an autoimmune disease, and its treatment is challenging. We assessed and compared the effect of fractional erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser-assisted delivery of platelet-rich plasma versus microneedling (Mn) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in enhancing skin repigmentation in localized stable vitiligo patients. In...

Background Nervous system involvement in immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) has been rarely reported. Case Description We describe an unusual case of IgG4-RD manifested as paresthesia in the right lower extremity. A 51-year-old male presented with paresthesia in the right S1–S3 regions. A neurological examination revealed peripheral neuro...

Objectives: The association between anti-Ro/SSA antibodies and the appearance of cardiac rhythm disorders in adults is discussed. We aim to study this relationship, together with active treatments and comorbidities, and its impact on daily clinical practice in adults with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). Methods: This cross-sectional single-cen...

Electric cell signaling, also known as bioelectric signaling, involves the use of electrical signals to regulate cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. Research into this area has shown promising potential for treating autoimmune diseases. Here are some detailed benefits from a research and science perspective: 1. Modulation of Immune Response...

Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease mediated by T-cell destruction of β cells in pancreatic islets. Currently, there is no known cure, and treatment consists of daily insulin injections. Genome-wide association studies and twin studies have indicated a strong genetic heritability for type I diabetes and implicated several genes. As most strong...

High Immunoglobulin E(IgE) levels associated with hypersensitivity or parasitic infection were well established, but the clinical significance of ultra-low IgE was largely unknown. Previous studies indicated these patients have an elevated risk of cancer, but large-scale epidemiological studies on the prevalence and clinical manifestations of these...

IL-17F single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can affect IL-17F expression and activity and this can lead to the increased susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. The aim was to investigate the association of IL-17F (rs763780) SNP with the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a cohort of Egyptian patients and to evaluate the effect of thi...

Health-related quality of life is a key contributor to overall well-being, and this is becoming an increasingly prominent factor when making therapeutic choices in the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Progress in available therapeutic strategies for AAV has resulted in this historically acute disease with a potentially fatal short-te...

The immune system’s amplified response to SARS-CoV-2 may lead to the production of autoantibodies, but their specific impact on disease severity and outcome remains unclear. This study aims to assess if hospitalized COVID-19 patients face a worse prognosis based on ANA presence, even without autoimmune diseases. We performed a retrospective, single...

Ocrelizumab – a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody used in treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) – marks significant progress in treating autoimmune diseases but raises susceptibility to opportunistic infections due to hypogammaglobulinemia. A young MS patient developed osteomyelitis from persistent Ureaplasma urealyticum urethritis, which was diagnosed...

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a devastating, disabling, autoimmune disease with a prevalence of up to 10 cases per 100,000 people. Although NMOSD pathophysiology is not yet fully understood, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) possibly initiates the disease course through AQP4-IgG passive transit into the CNS compartment...

Mosaic loss of the X chromosome (mLOX) is the most common clonal somatic alteration in leukocytes of female individuals1,2, but little is known about its genetic determinants or phenotypic consequences. Here, to address this, we used data from 883,574 female participants across 8 biobanks; 12% of participants exhibited detectable mLOX in approximat...

Innate immunity is the first line of defense in the human body, and it plays an important role in defending against viral infection. Viruses are identified by different pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) or transmembrane protein 173 (STING), which trigger multiple signaling cascad...

Purpose Immunosuppression is a well-established risk factor for primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs), which present in this context distinct radiological characteristics. Our aim was to describe the radiological evolution of treated PCNSL in immunocompromised patients and suggest adapted MRI response criteria. Methods We conducted a m...

Objectives To characterize the clinical features and to identify the predictors of recurrence of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) in Chinese children. Study design This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, laboratory and pathological findings, and recurrence status of children diagnosed with HNL at a single cente...

Zusammenfassung Bei der systemischen Sklerose (SSc) handelt es sich um eine komplexe, chronische Autoimmunerkrankung, die sowohl zu einer Fibrose der Haut als auch der inneren Organe führen kann. Die Prognose hinsichtlich des Verlaufs ist dabei sehr variabel und unter anderem abhängig von der Organbeteiligung. Die medikamentöse Therapie konnte unte...

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can yield remarkable clinical responses in subsets of patients with solid tumors but can also often lead to immune–related adverse events (irAEs). Predictive features of clinically severe irAEs leading to cessation of ICIs have yet to be established. Using data from 1,327 patients with lung cancer t...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the dysfunctional metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. This study investigated the feasibility of using point shear wave elastography (pSWE) of the pancreas by comparing the shear wave velocity (SWV) meas...

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that occurs due to gluten intolerance. The prevalence of breast cancer among celiac disease patients is the same as in the general population. It is of note that breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Following mastectomy, these patients visit plastic surgeons for breast reconstruction. Bas...

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS) for assessing disease activity in patients with SLE. Methods Clinical data were collected from patients with SLE who were admitted at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2009 to December 2022...

Connective tissue diseases are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases that can affect a variety of organ systems. Lung parenchymal involvement is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in children with connective tissue disease. Connective tissue disease-associated lung disease in children often manifests as one of several radiol...

The central nervous system (CNS) is the most delicate system in human body, with the most complex structure and function. It is vulnerable to trauma, infection, neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases, and activates the immune system. An appropriate inflammatory response contributes to defence against invading microbes, whereas an excessive infla...

Background FOXP3 is a transcription factor that regulates the development and function of Treg, playing an essential role in preventing autoimmune diseases. Variation in FOXP3 can impair the function of Treg cells, thus destroying their inhibitory capacity and leading to autoimmune diseases. This paper investigated whether the three SNPs in the FOX...

Patients with autoimmune diseases treated with corticosteroids sometimes display feelings of anxiety regarding corticosteroid use. In this single-center prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the serial changes in anxiety levels related to corticosteroid use in 18 patients with autoimmune diseases. The degree of anxiety toward corticosteroid use w...

The oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is a rare, benign lesion that occurs predominantly in the masticatory region of the oral cavity. The OVX is small, slow growing, and mostly free of clinical symptoms. The exact pathogenesis is unknown, and a viral etiology such as from a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has not been proven. Although primarily...

Therapeutic vaccines based on monocyte-derived dendritic cells have been shown to be promising strategies and may act as complementary treatments for viral infections, cancers, and, more recently, autoimmune diseases. Alpha-type-1-polarized dendritic cells (aDC1s) have been shown to induce type-1 immunity with a high capacity to produce interleukin...

The mammalian immune system is a Janus-faced network of well-coordinated highly specialized cells and biomolecules [...]

Background: The early reliable detection and quantification of autoantibodies play an important role in autoimmune disease diagnosis and in disease-course monitoring. New technologies, such as the multiplexed determination of autoantibodies, have recently been introduced and are being adopted more frequently. The aim of this study was to evaluate t...

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females globally and one of the main causes of cancer death. There are several markers of cancer-related inflammation to help predict the relationship between pathologic characteristics of breast cancer. The research objective was to analyze the correlation between PLR and NLR with associated tumor siz...

Lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas associated with immune deficiency and dysregulation (LP/L-IDD) are rare entities associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISD) for autoimmune conditions. Composite lymphomas, featuring both B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, are infrequent, and their occurrence as LP/L-IDD is rare. We herein report the cas...

Nivolumab has been approved for treating ≥ 10 cancer types. However, there is limited information on the incidence of rare, but potentially serious, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), as well as notable TRAEs in patients with certain medical disorders or older patients in Japan. We performed pooled analyses of data from published post-market...

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the recognition of self-antigens (autoantigens) by immune system cells. Loss of immunological tolerance may lead to the generation of autoantibodies and, consequently, tissue damage. It has already been proven that highly immunogenic bacterial and autologous extracellular heat shock proteins (eHsps) interact...

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a long-lasting inflammatory autoimmune disease that may cause diverse manifestations, particularly osteoporosis. Though usage of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) can safely manage autoimmune disease and treatment-related symptoms, the relation between CHM use and osteoporosis risk in SS persons is not yet recognized. With that...

Introduction Mental fatigue is an early and enduring symptom in persons with autoimmune disease particularly multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuromodulation has emerged as a potential treatment although optimal cortical targets have yet to be determined. We aimed to examine cortical hemodynamic responses within bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dl...

This article analyzes the virtual semiotic landscape in the graphic image of autoimmune diseases, specifically lupus. Methodologically, we start from the disease as a socio-sanitary process and we analyze the current ways of discursive visibility of this type of diseases through social networks to achieve immediate results on its perception and acc...

Normal-anion-gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA) is a common but often under-recognised and poorly understood condition, especially by less-experienced clinicians. In adults, NAGMA might be an initial clue to a more significant underlying pathology , such as autoimmune diseases, hypergammaglobulinemia or drug toxicities. However, identifying the aetiolo...

Background Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity. A wide variety of infectious and non-infectious triggers have been identified to be associated with GBS. COVID-19 has gained attention in recent years for its role in GBS pathogenesis. Our study aims to review the literature on GBS and its epide...

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, vascular damage and fibrosis. The hallmark clinical manifestation is fibrotic skin thickening; however, the clinical outcome is determined by the extent of internal organ fibrosis. Macrophages, integral to the innate immune system, play a crucial role in...

Background The maternal role is one of the most challenging yet rewarding roles that women experience in their lives. It begins when a woman becomes pregnant, and as the pregnancy progresses, she prepares to fulfill her role as a mother. A woman's health plays a crucial role in her ability to fulfill the maternal role. Multiple sclerosis (MS), as a...

To carry out an in-depth analysis of the scientific research on autoimmunity, we performed the first bibliometric analysis focusing on publications in journals dedicated to autoimmunity (JDTA) indexed by science citation index during the period 2004–2023. Using bibliometric analysis, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the country, institu...

Importance: Anterior uveitis is an intraocular disease characterized by inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body and known to co-occur with autoimmune diseases. This is the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis specifically for anterior uveitis to date. Objective: The purpose of this study is to define genetic factors asso...

Background and objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a prototypic autoimmune disease of the CNS. It is the leading cause of chronic neurologic disability in young adults. Proinflammatory B cells and autoreactive T cells both play important roles in its pathogenesis. We aimed to study alterations of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which lik...

Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) is a potent hormone-like signaling lysophospholipid, which regulates many facets of mammalian biology and dysregulation in its metabolism is associated with several human neurological and autoimmune diseases. Despite the physiological importance and causal relation with human pathophysiology, little is known about t...

The relationship between infectious agents and autoimmune diseases is a complex issue. In recent years, increasing clinical cases have indicated that infectious agents play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Molecular mimicry is currently widely regarded as the primary pathogenic mechanism of various autoimmune diseases in...