Athletes - Science topic

Becoming a top-level athlete requires a substantial investment of time and effort in training and competing. While it's a well-known fact that pacing behavior plays a significant role in achieving peak performance, it remains an elusive skill among athletes. This crucial aspect involves making strategic decisions about effort regulation over an ext...

Sports injury is a hot issue in the field of exercise science and sports medicine and a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Based on big data analysis, this paper proposes an Ada-RF prediction model that integrates the fusion of the Adaboost algorithm and Random Forest algorithm by studying five machine learning algorithms: logistic...

In basketball sports competition sports, shooting percentage is an important indicator of basketball players. In this paper, the trajectory of basketball sports shooting is solved by mathematical modeling and simulation. In the first step, the hyperparameter estimation of the variance is obtained by using the SURE-Type Double shrinkage estimation m...

Who can benefit from Native Path Hydrate? Athletes and Active Individuals Native Path Hydrate is particularly beneficial for those who lead an active lifestyle, as physical activity can significantly deplete electrolyte levels and lead to dehydration. This includes athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and anyone who engages in regular exercise. Busy Prof...

Introduction: The menstrual cycle may affect well-being and physical performance of elite female athletes by interfering with the function of multiple physiological systems. The aim of this study was to characterize the symptoms of the menstrual cycle and their frequency in elite female volleyball players. Methods: Twenty professional female volley...

The purpose of the study was investigating the impact of resistance and strength trainings on the serum calcium indicators in male elite football players living in Peshawar division, Pakistan. 90 subjects aged between 14-23 years were selected for the study and divided into three equal groups: resistance training group, strength training group, and...

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between levels of n-3 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the plasma of athletes. Methods: Highly trained crosscountry skiers (males, n = 39) were examined. The fatty acid profile of the total plasma lipids was determined...

Ms. Yolonda is an Elementary School Principal. Today, she is leading an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meeting concerning Marcus, a fifth-grader with severe behavioural difficulties. The meeting takes place while he’s attending his English class, and she is pleased to learn from Marcus’ homeroom teacher that he is a strong athlete and per- for...

This review and meta‐analysis aimed to describe the current rugby‐7s injury epidemiological literature by examining injury data from both sexes, all levels of play, and their associated risk factors. Studies published up until March 2024 were included. These studies were retrieved from six databases using search terms related to rugby‐7s or sevens,...

Background: One factor that may negatively impact male reproductive health is the illegal use of testosterone and anabolic–androgenic steroids. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of testosterone use in recreational athletes, as well as factors associated with its use, and to determine the profile of a person using testosterone. Methods: A...

This study aimed to assess the progress made in training techniques and athlete performance at Tianjin University Sports in China, with a specific focus on sports other than traditional track events. Comprehending the effectiveness of training regimens that optimize the transfer of training impact was crucial. The study unveiled a heterogeneous sam...

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological aspects (emotional regulation, self-control, mood states, and perceived stress) and components of run-up variability in horizontal jumps and to conduct comparisons based on sex, events (long jump and triple jump), and contextual situations (training versus co...

Background: The cognitive objective of the study was to determine the relationship between body composition and aerobic capacity levels at the beginning and end of the training camp and to demonstrate the relationship between body fat levels, free-fat mass levels, and total body water levels and the change in post-workout restitution during the tra...

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), which involves episodes of blood flow restriction followed by reperfusion, has uncertain effects on athletes. Additionally, employing sports-specific tests that are highly familiar to athletes can enhance methodological rigor in determining IPC’s effects on taekwondo performance. This study aimed to investigate IPC’s...

This study aims to establish the validity and reliability of the prone Yo-YoIRL1 in elite female rugby league players (part one) and determine the anthropometric and physical characteristics contributing to 15m prone Yo-YoIRL1 performance (part two). Part one, 21 subjects completed one Yo-YoIRL1, one 20m and two 15m prone Yo-YoIRL1 tests over four...

Weight-related issues can be prevalent in elite-level sports, especially in men’s road cycling, where riders may exhibit harmful behaviours, with potentially adverse outcomes for mental and physical health. This study investigated Body Mass Index (BMI) values amongst the top five finishers in the three Grand Tours and the five Monuments races betwe...

In alignment with European policies regarding intergenerational sports, this study seeks to integrate existing evidence- (i.e., umbrella review) and eminence- (i.e., international validated educational courses for coaches) based knowledge on judo training across the lifespan. For evidence knowledge, searches of the Google Scholar, ISI-WoS, PubMed,...

Momentum can directly or indirectly affect a tennis player's mentality and the trajectory of the game, thereby changing the outcome of the match. The article provides a clear quantitative description of the concept of momentum in tennis, analyzing the impact of momentum fluctuations on the trajectory of the game and the athlete's scoring; a seconda...

With the development of sports nutrition, creatine, as a sports nutrition supplement, has shown remarkable effects in improving sports performance, strengthening muscle strength and endurance. In this paper, creatine's physiological effects and the mechanism of use, side effects and safety studies, the impact on sports performance, the application...

Introduction: Elite sports pose potential health risks, but are vital to the well-being of society. In Cuban society, sport is an integral part of personal development and public health, fostering unity and promoting female participation for sustainable growth. Athletics is one of the most important sports in Cuban sport, and should be approached b...

The dynamic strength index (DSI) is calculated as the ratio between countermovement jump (CMJ) peak force and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) peak force and is said to inform whether ballistic or strength training is warranted for a given athlete. This study assessed the impact of an individualized in-season resistance training program, guided by D...

Today's high performing athletes are more aware of the benefits of carefully structuring their food and fluid intakes to enhance daily training, assist recovery and optimize competition performance. A balanced diet is important for improved sports performance and for health. There are few published studies involving nutritional interventions in ath...

Introduction This meta-analysis investigates the relationship between coach leadership behaviors and athlete satisfaction and group cohesion within the realm of Chinese sports. The study also explores player sex and player classification as potential moderating variables. The primary focus is on evaluating the impact of coaching behaviors, as measu...

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the impact of athletes achieving excellence at different ages (excellent age) on their subsequent performance development. The aim was to deepen understanding of the interplay among talent, training, and athletes’ performance development. Additionally, the study aimed to provide insights for ath...

Purpose of Review The management of shoulder instability in throwing athletes remains a challenge given the delicate balance between physiologic shoulder laxity facilitating performance and the inherent need for shoulder stability. This review will discuss the evaluation and management of a throwing athlete with suspected instability with a focus o...

Experimental analysis and research were conducted on the practice and application effects of CrossFit training for line dance athletes at Chengdu University. The CrossFit training program lasted for six weeks, and the researcher collected data through observation and notes during the actual experiment. The specific experimental results showed that...

Intense exercise leads to increased production of free radicals, resulting in an inflammatory response in athletes. For this reason, it was decided to investigate whether a single intensive exercise until exhaustion applied after a 2-week rest period would result in a violation of the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance. Twenty-seven trained female bas...

In order to study the relationship between coaches and players in college basketball and its impact on the growth and success of athletes, this paper investigated all the players of the basketball team of Yulin University. The interviewed athletes identified the relationship between their coach and athlete relationship and athlete growth and succes...

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between team cohesion and WELL-BEING among college athletes. This study adopts a quantitative research design, with a sample of 627 college athletes from a regular university in Jiangxi Province, China. A survey was conducted on the basic information of student respondents in terms...

Neuroplasticity, a phenomenon present throughout the lifespan, is thought to be influenced by physical training. However, the relationship between neuroplastic differences and attentional abilities remains unclear. This study explored the differences in brain function and attentional abilities between professional football athletes and novices, and...

Sports records play a crucial role in understanding the limits of human achievement in sports. However, a thorough exploration of a comprehensive analysis of various sports records utilizing the existing statistical model has been lacking. This study introduces a framework for analyzing the integrated features and evolutionary trends of 23 sports r...

This study examined coping and pain responses using a behavioural inhibition (BIS) – behavioural activation (BAS) framework in 489 student athletes (M(age) = 20, SD = 4; 69% female). Two samples of athletes (226 pain-free athletes and 232 athletes with current pain) completed surveys assessing BIS- and BAS-related cognitions, emotions, and behaviou...

Purpose: To investigate the training and development process of a multiple Grand Slam finalist. Methods: A mixed-methods case study design was used to capture the quantitative and qualitative aspects related to the training and successful development process. We used a three-step data collection process and pragmatic analyses of (1) training histor...

The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the way individuals conducted their lives, with consequencesrelating to mental health deterioration. Whilst researchers explored this outcome in the general popula-tion and athletic populations, less focus was on athletes with disabilities. The aim of this study was toinvestigate how the pandemic influenced the ment...

Introdução: os suplementos alimentares esportivos promovem melhora da atividade física fornecendo nutrientes. Em busca do desenvolvimento corporal de forma geral, o mercado de suplementos alimentares vem se popularizando, causando o aumento do consumo e, consequentemente, dificultando a confiabilidade das informações disponíveis sobre suplementos....

This study explores the effectiveness of exercise monitoring systems in improving athlete performance and motivation within educational settings. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested: one positing that the utilization of exercise monitoring systems would reduce muscle injury rates among athletes, and the other suggesting that it would increase...

Background An interesting and little-reported problem in the literature is the scale of asymmetry in table tennis players, the magnitude of which should perhaps be treated as a risk for injury. Determining the degree of asymmetry in table tennis players can indicate the need to appropriately manage the training process, including compensatory or co...

Athletes are increasingly relying on natural supplements to improve athletic performance. Echinacea, a common herbal supplement, has been studied for its potential erythropoietin-enhancing effects, with mixed results in the literature. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine whether echinacea supplementation has erythropoietic or ergogeni...

T he Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) questionnaire on injuries and health problems is one of the recommended methods for monitoring athletes’ health problems, but until now it has not been available and validated in a Bahasa version. This study aims to develop the OSTRC Questionnaire into Bahasa and assess its application in adolescent a...

With the booming development of competitive sports worldwide, athletic training is receiving increasing interest in the world. Major sports organizations and universities around the world have established their own athlete training centers to support sports training and scientific research activities in recent years. Data from strength training is...

A range of field-based tests have been proposed for inclusion in physical performance assessment batteries. However, there are obvious time and human resources constraints in applied settings. The knowledge of potential relationships between tests on performance, asymmetries, as well as maturation-induced changes, may help select the most informati...

This study explored stakeholders’ perspectives on current practices, challenges and opportunities related to the return-to-sport (RTS) process in high-performance Snowsports. We conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews with athletes, coaches and health professionals from multiple countries using online video platforms. The data were transcribe...

Objective To systematically evaluate and meta-analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on athletes of aerobic endurance performance parameters. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. The assessment of quality was conducted employin...

The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphism of the intron MYL1 and the genetic predisposition or trainability to endurance exercise in human myocardium. METHODS: The research consisted of two studies. The first study examined distributional differences in genotypes and alleles of MYL1 in endurance athletes (n=31) and u...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art motion capture techniques for digital human modeling in sports, including traditional optical motion capture systems, wearable sensor capture systems, computer vision capture systems, and fusion motion capture systems. The review explores the strengths, limitations, and applications of...

To assess the effects of warm-up music and low dose (3 mg·kg⁻¹) of caffeine (CAF) on female taekwondo athlete’s activity profile and psychophysiological responses during simulated combat. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study, 16 female athletes participated in simulated combats under one control and 5 experimental conditions [i.e., CAF...

Introduction Individual participation in sports with inadequate preparation, especially during competition, results in an increased incidence of injury. Athletes commonly suffer from lower extremity musculoskeletal pain. During growth, several biomechanical factors contribute to muscular imbalance, which results in injury. The aim of the current st...

Purpose: Although there is evidence that sport-related concussion (SRC) affects oculomotor function and perceptual ability, experiments are often poorly controlled and are not replicable. This study aims to test the hypothesis that there are decreased values when assessing oculomotor impairment indicating poorer performance in SRC patients. Methods...

The purpose of the study is to find out the expediency of using an individual drinking regime during the training of track and field athletes at the stage of preliminary basic training. We found out that currently there is not enough data to reasonably plan fluid consumption during the training process of track and field athletes, taking into accou...

This study aimed to investigate the ability of highly trained athletes to consistently perform at their highest level during a simulated three-day 400 m race and to examine the impact of an alkaline diet associated with chronic consumption of bicarbonate-rich water or placebo on their blood metabolic responses before and after the three races. Twen...

Introduction: Observation and specialized analysis of confrontations in combat sports are fundamental for introducing corrections in training programs and for modifying the individual technical-tactical profiles of athletes in these types of activities. These actions comprehensively assess the progress of sports activities, ultimately inspiring and...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pes planus level on counter movement jump (CMJ) performance parameters in amateur female and male volleyball players. In this context, amateur volleyball players aged between 18 and 23 years actively playing in the university school volleyball team were included in the study. Pes planus levels...

The research aims to introduce modern methods and techniques to rehabilitate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by using rehabilitation exercises with the Cryo cooling device for weightlifters suffering from this syndrome. The problem statement addresses how sports injuries can be a significant psychological and physical barrier to reaching higher levels...

Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, different values of running kinematic variables can be obtained. The aim of this study is to analyze whether there are changes in the kinematic variables in running throughout the menstrual cycle and to relate them to running performance and injury prevention. Eight regular female runners and triathlet...

Background. Sports psychology is integral to be taught both in academic settings and on practical athletic fields. This study considers students who are part of the physical education and sports department, whose responsibilities are twofold. Practical implications of managing sports anxiety, recovering from the ordeal of rehabilitation injuries, a...

The article analyzes the participation of Ukrainian athletes in competitions in Paris (France). It has been established that athletes from Ukraine (then USSR) took part in competitions in swimming, athletics and gymnastics. In particular, there was Volodymyr Kuts among the track and field athletes, Borys Shakhlin and Larisa Latynina among the gymna...

Lower back pain has a significant impact on track and field athletes, affecting their performance and quality of life. This study explores the application of the American Physical Therapy Clinical Practice Guidelines (APTA Guidelines) in the management of lower back pain at this level. The physical therapy in the United States, which has a history...

Fatigue is believed to increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury by directly promoting high-risk biomechanics in the lower limbs. Studies have shown that dynamic taping can help normalize inadequate biomechanics during landings. This study aims to examine the effects of dynamic taping on landing biomechanics in fatigued football...

Background. Muay Thai is a dynamic fighting style which has existed for over 2000 years and consists of using a multitude of fists, kicks, and knee and elbow strikes to knock out the opponent. Studies indicate that the general physiologic profile of Muay Thai athletes is high anaerobic power and muscular strength, with low body fat percentage and a...

Background and Aim: In martial arts sparring programs, athletes' specialized attributes include aerobic and anaerobic capacity. In contemporary Wushu sparring training, it is common to emphasize the need to achieve absolute strength, while often neglecting the specialized training of Wushu sparring. The lack of specialized training can lead to defi...

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the implementation of an experimental program with combined plyometric and coordination exercises for a time interval of 6 months aimed at improving the jump shots of U12 junior players through the use of information technologies. One hundred seventeen female basketball players, aged between 10...

Jiu-jitsu is the basis of mixed martial arts. In competitions, athletes are separated by age, gender, weight, and rank. Athletes promote successive gripping movements, demonstrating the importance of handgrip strength (HGS) in this modality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether, by considering HGS, the competitive categories e...

Athletes experience mental ill-health at prevalence rates similar to the general population but are reluctant to discuss or seek help for mental ill-health due to stigma, which can impact their status, playing time, or spot on the team. Researchers have alluded to social sequelae of mental ill-health stigma in sport (e.g., ostracization, reduced so...

Background: Regular, high-intensity, and prolonged physical activity causes clinical, electrical, morphological, and functional alterations in the cardiovascular system. This circulatory alterations observed in athlete heart are particularly important in black athletes as data has shown that they are more likely to experience sudden cardiac death....

Background The study aimed to compare catecholamine, cortisol, and immune response in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes under the same training, aiming to observe if their sport specialization affects these markers during a 9-day training camp. Methods The study involved twenty-four young male (age 15.7 ± 1.6 years) and female (age 15.1 ± 1,3...

We investigated the effects of resistance exercise (RE), hydrolysed collagen (HC) ingestion and circulating oestrogen concentration on collagen synthesis in a naturally menstruating female CrossFit athlete. In a double‐blind, randomised cross‐over design, the participant (36 years; height 1.61 m; mass 82.6 kg) consumed 0 or 30 g HC prior to perform...

The cardiac response to physical exertion is linked to factors such as age, work intensity, and fitness levels. The primary objective of this study was to characterize within-session changes in cardiac response to running in Canadian football athletes, which may indicate physical fatigue. Performance profiles were collected from GPS and heart rate...

Athletes have considerable freedom in altering the block spacing and block obliquity to personalize it to their convenience, they have relied on experience to develop the bock configuration of their preference. There is little research exploring this area and is therefore worthy of scrutiny. So the objective was to test if the alterations in the bl...

Purpose: Recreational and competitive slalom waterskiing is increasingly popular among individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), particularly for those with paraplegia using sit-skis. A key component of slalom skiing is the deep-water start (DWS), yet little is known about the physiological and physical demands of this activity when the athlete...

Background Nutrition guidance for athletes must consider a range of variables to effectively support individuals in meeting energy and nutrient needs. Resistance exercise is a widely adopted training method in athlete preparation and rehabilitation and therefore is one such variable that will influence nutrition guidance. Given its prominence, the...

Background: In the process of psychological programs as a specialized stream, the psychologists should know their clients better and finally find the right solution to solve the problem Methods: The research method was mixed. In the qualitative, content analysis method was used and in the quantitative section, structural equation model was used. Fi...

This study aimed to explore the feasibility and face validity of predicting maximum strength 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) and 4-6 RM in athletes across different sports specialties, based on the relationship between muscle strength and BM. One hundred fifteen male athletes, aged 23.63 6 6.77 years and participating in diverse sports specialties , we...

A novel application of spring-loaded inverted pendulum model is proposed in this study. In particular, we use this model to find the existence of so-called fixed points, which correspond to actual running gaits, as functions of model parameters such as stiffness and energy. Applying the model to experimental data allows us to draw justifiable concl...

Resumen. Una buena calidad de sueño (CS) es esencial para el rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los componentes auto informados de la CS, sexo y modalidad deportiva y su incidencia en la percepción de trastornos del sueño durante viajes competitivos en deportistas universitarios. Una muestra por conveniencia de...

Purpose of review Hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy is widely known as a major risk factor for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although exercise is proven to exert overall beneficial effects on hypertension and hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy, there are some concerns among providers about potential adverse effects...

The pursuit of athletic excellence and the desire to bring honor to their teams and countries has led to significant focus on athletic performance. Athletic performance is impacted by intrinsic characteristics such as athletic aptitude, as well as extrinsic elements such as the physical surroundings. The environmental elements of the physical envir...

This study aimed to explore the effect of two similar commercialized advanced footwear technology models differing mainly in their plate geometry (i.e., low and high curvature plate) on the running energetic cost in both non-fatigued and fatigued states. It also sought to determine their impacts on 3000-m performance. Twelve highly trained male ath...

Purpose Posture re-education is a common method to improve the posture of athletes. This study aims to compare two methods of proprioceptive exercise, one with visual biofeedback and one without traditional method, in athletes with chronic ankle instability. Method This research was quasi-experimental where 30 male athletes with CAI from sports Fu...

Injuries represent a serious concern for football players, with a significant loss in terms of sport participation and long periods of rehabilitation. According to the 2019/20 UEFA Élite Club Injury Report, the average incidence of injuries during training is 2.8 per 1000 h of training, with an average absence from training of 20 days. In addition,...

Objectives The primary purpose of the study was to assess the one-factor and two-factor structure of the Injury Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Scale (IPRRS) in an injured physically active population using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) procedures and assess group (ie, sex, age, injury type, athlete status) and longitudinal differen...

Step‐up variations are frequently used in sports performance to develop coordinated and powerful movements that transfer to running. This study aimed to quantify the kinetic characteristics of the first foot contact of four different step‐up variations. Ten professional rugby league players participated in this study and performed the Barbell One B...

Small sensors may now be used to analyze and evaluate sports and physical activities via communication with smart tools and ubiquitous computing devices. Digital Financial support is the extensive motive of this research where smart monitoring reduces the cost of players paying to extra labors. Also, accurate engineering solutions are achieved for...