Annelida - Science topic

This paper presents the known global distribution of all species in the genus Sparganophilus which includes 11 species and two subspecies, in order of description: Sparganophilus tamesis Benham, 1892, S. smithi Eisen, 1896, S. sonomae Eisen, 1896, S. pearsei Reynolds, 1975, S. tennesseensis Reynolds, 1977, and in Reynolds, 1980 – S. gatesi, S. hele...

In recent years, population outbreaks of the annelid Hermodice carunculata (Polychaeta, Amphinomidae) are recurrently detected along the coastal zone of the Salento peninsula (Southern Italy), with impacts on marine benthic ecosystems. Annelida are renowned for their remarkable regeneration potential, enabling them to reform lost body parts. A hand...

In this work, the diversity of the genus Orbiniella in the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic waters south of Iceland is studied based on the analyses of molecular markers (mitochondrial COI, 16S rDNA and nuclear ITS2) and morphological characters. Our results showed the presence of at least five genetic lineages in the studied material which could...

Polychaetes are typically found in marine environments with limited species adapting to semi-terrestrial habitats. The genus Stygocapitella comprises interstitial polychaetes dwelling in sandy beach areas around or above the high-water line. Based on molecular data, previous studies suggested the presence of multiple cryptic species in some differe...

The port fouling fauna from Mexico has recieved greater study in the last 15 years. By improving our knowledge of fouling invertebrates on artificial substrates on the Southern Pacific coast of Mexico, we can better understand their distribution and prevent bioinvasions. The specimens listed in this present study come from PVC plates that were placed...

Background During the 2022 Nekton Maldives Mission, we deployed a variety of platforms (snorkelling, remotely-operated vehicles and manned submersibles) to conduct video surveys of the biodiversity and composition of shallow (< 30 m), mesophotic (30-150 m) and deep-sea (> 150 m) benthos found in the Maldives’ central and southern atolls. In total,...

Two new species of Perinereis with single bar-shaped paragnaths on area VI (Group 1) from the rocky shores of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, are described with barely (Subgroup 1A) or largely (Subgroup 1B) expanded proximal region of dorsal ligule in posterior parapodia. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the morphologically...

The integrated assessment of ecological quality in estuarine ecosystems holds significant importance for environmental management. Previous monitoring programs predominantly focused on environmental data, lacking a comprehensive quality assessment approach. To address this gap, this study aimed to integrate environmental factors with macrofaunal co...

Mitochondrial genomes serve as valuable markers for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies across diverse invertebrate taxa, but their application within Annelida remains limited. In this study, we report the mitochondrial genomes of seven species from four genera of Chaetopteridae (Annelida), obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Phylogenetic ana...

Four new species of Marphysa are described from Terengganu state on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, using morphological and molecular (cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene) data. These species belong to different groups of Marphysa: Marphysa kertehensissp. nov. belongs to Group A (Mossambica), Marphysa merchangensissp. nov. and Marphysa s...

Background This study sheds light on the genetic blueprints of chaetogenesis (bristle formation), a complex biomineralization process essential not only for the diverse group of bristle worms (annelids) but also for other spiralians. We explore the complex genetic mechanisms behind chaetae formation in Osedax japonicus, the bone-devouring deep-sea...

Chaetae are among the most extensively studied structures in polychaetes, serving as a defining morphological trait for annelids. Capitella teleta stands out as one of the few established annelid models for developmental and morphological studies, thus receiving significant scholarly attention. In this study, we unveil a previously unnoticed glandu...

The structural and genetic variation of morphologically adapted polychaetes from the Bay of Bengal continental shelf (North Indian Ocean) including Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) are described. The density and biomass of polychaetes such as Aricidea curviseta (Paronidae), Lumberineris aberrans (Lumberineridae), Prionospio malmgreni, Paraprionospio pinna...

Collection management faces many challenges in keeping stored items preserved and the information associated with them accurate and organized. It is essential for the expansion and use of this biodiversity repository that the database is unambiguous and that errors are quickly identified and corrected. This work aims to show the use of interactive...

Oceans cover over 70% of the Earth's surface and provide home to structurally diverse marine organisms. These creatures contribute to more than half of the biodiversity of the world and produce several bioactive molecules, including peptides. In the past years, scientific research has been focused on the compositions, sequences and structural featu...

Biological monitoring, is one of the successful pragmatic approaches adopted in biological surveys to determine in-situ biological water quality of inland surface waters. Most of the biological water quality assessment surveys taken worldwide on lotic freshwater-ecosystems are based on monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna. To achieve the r...

We present a genome assembly from an individual Bimastos eiseni (the Brown Litter Worm; Annelida; None; Haplotaxida; Lumbricidae). The genome sequence is 660.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 17 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.34 kilobases in length.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Bimastos eiseni (the Brown Litter Worm; Annelida; None; Haplotaxida; Lumbricidae). The genome sequence is 660.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 17 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.34 kilobases in length.

The organization of genomes into chromosomes is critical for processes such as genetic recombination, environmental adaptation, and speciation. All animals with bilateral symmetry inherited a genome structure from their last common ancestor that has been highly conserved in some taxa but seemingly unconstrained in others. However, the evolutionary...

A poluição biológica e a introdução de espécies exóticas são problemas cada vez mais presentes, tendo em vista o cenário atual de fragmentação de habitats, expansão urbana, alteração dos ecossistemas e globalização. Desta forma, a introdução de espécies é considerada como a segunda maior causa responsável pela extinção de espécies, ficando atrás so...

Comparisons of multiple metazoan genomes have revealed the existence of ancestral linkage groups (ALGs), genomic scaffolds sharing sets of orthologous genes that have been inherited from ancestral animals for hundreds of millions of years (Simakov et al. 2022; Schultz et al. 2023) These ALGs have persisted across major animal taxa including Cnidari...

Differences in faunal composition between living benthic invertebrate communities and sympatric dead remains have been used to assess ecological changes induced by human activities. However, we lack empirical studies that compare live and dead assemblages in terms of ecological indices like AMBI and M-AMBI, which are effective at identifying variou...

Namalycastis abiuma has been recorded as a worldwide distributed species, found in most tropical and subtropical mangroves and estuarine environments. However, this status has been questioned in several publications, which indicate that several distinct species are being identified under the name N. abiuma. In this study, we perform a morphological...

The reduced temporal validity of species lists made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent the up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. The Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB), made publ...

The spatial patterns of taxonomic diversity of annelid polychaete species from the continental shelf in the Southern Gulf of Mexico were examined in this study. We used taxonomic distinctness and its spatial variations to explore the diversity patterns and how they change between Southern Gulf of Mexico regions. In addition, using taxonomic distinc...

The genus Myzobdella groups five species of leeches parasites of fishes mainly of freshwater but with tolerance to brackish waters. Native distribution of these species includes the New World from North to South America. Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851, the type species of the genus, was briefly described based on specimens from the USA, but subseq...

Background The evolution of central nervous systems (CNSs) is a fascinating and complex topic; further work is needed to understand the genetic and developmental homology between organisms with a CNS. Research into a limited number of species suggests that CNSs may be homologous across Bilateria. This hypothesis is based in part on similar function...

The genomic basis of cladogenesis and adaptive evolutionary change has intrigued biologists for decades. The unique insights from a genome-level perspective have revealed a striking pattern of conserved macrosynteny across huge evolutionary distances in animals, yet progress in many lineages has been hampered by the absence of genome-level data. He...

This study provides an updated list of alien marine species that have been introduced to Morocco by analyzing both previous data and new findings. A total of 46 marine alien and 15 cryptogenic and crypto-expanding species were recorded in Moroccan waters. Alien species are more abundant in the Mediterranean (35 species) than in the Atlantic (16 spe...

Diopatra neapolitana Delle Chiaje, 1841 (Annelida, Onuphidae) is one of the most exploited polychaete species in European waters, particularly in Ria de Aveiro, a coastal lagoon in mainland Portugal, where the overexploitation of this resource has led to a generalized decline of local populations. In an attempt to reduce the impact of harvesting, s...

Establishing surveys in a Marine Protected Area (MPA) is very challenging. This study aimed to provide information on the diversity of invertebrates in Masinloc-Oyon Bay Protected Landscape and Seascape (MOBPLS). The four MPAs surveyed was Bani, Palauig, San Salvador and Panglit. It yielded a total of 5,657 collected individual specimens using vari...

Three new terebellid species with two pairs of arborescent branchiae, serrated notochaetae with bulbous wings and avicular uncini in completely separate double rows are described from the Namibian coast, SW Africa, found during different expeditions between 2004 and 2022. These species were assigned to the genus Amphitritides, A. jirkovi sp. nov.,...

Osedax is now known to be distributed around the world with more than 30 named and undescribed species. Here we report the discovery of four new species from two localities: Osedax bozoi n. sp. and Osedax craigmcclaini n. sp. from the Gulf of Mexico and Osedax estcourti n. sp. and Osedax traceyae n. sp. from off New Zealand. Osedax bozoi n. sp., Os...

31 ، ‫اذار‬ ، 2014 ‫النشر‬ ‫قبول‬ 30 ، ‫حزيران‬ ، 2014 ‫الخالصة‬ : ‫استهد‬ ‫يا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫الاتواةادل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫الااا‬ ‫النباا‬ ‫ونوع‬ ‫الديدان‬ ‫تنوع‬ ‫بين‬ ‫العالقة‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫فت‬. ‫الضار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫لها‬ ‫واساتددم‬ ‫ياة،‬ ‫الاا‬ ‫النباتاا‬ ‫مان‬ ‫نوهين‬ ‫نت‬ ‫الشا‬ ‫نباا‬ Ceratophyllum demersum ‫النيا‬ ‫هرارل‬ ‫ونباا‬ Eichhornia crassipes. ‫ةاعت‬ 41...

Specimens belonging to a new species in the genus Protocirrineris have been found during surveys along the southwestern coasts of the Netherlands. Protocirrineris stormae sp. nov, as described herein, were collected from the muddy bottom sediments in enclosed marine waterbodies and estuaries. This species is characterized by branchiae commencing fr...

For ecological study, environmental management, and conservation initiatives, it is essential to understand the diversity of earthworm species within particular regions. The diversity of earthworm species in Pandavapura Taluk, which is located in the Mandya District of Karnataka, India. The main goals of the research area's land use systems like ag...

Spirorbinae, a ubiquitous group of marine calcareous tubeworms with a small body size as adults, have a fascinating diversity of brooding modes that form the basis for their taxonomic division into six tribes (traditionally subfamilies): in-tube incubation, with varying degrees of attachment to adult structures (four tribes), and external incubatio...

The Salento Peninsula represents the eastern-most edge of the Italian Peninsula, and one of the first areas to be invaded by thermophilic non-indigenous species. The diversity of non-indigenous polychaetes occurring along the Salento Peninsula is reviewed based on literature data and new samples. Overall, fifteen non-indigenous polychaetes were rec...

Motivation The metaweb is a dictionary of nodes and their potential interactions developed for a particular region, focusing on a particular type of ecosystem. Based on the local biodiversity information at different spatial and temporal scales, the regional metaweb can be easily decomposed into local webs. The generated local webs are useful for u...

Periphyton is a complex community composed of diverse prokaryotes and eukaryotes; understanding the characteristics of microbial communities within periphyton becomes crucial for biogeochemical cycles and energy dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. To further elucidate the community characteristics of periphyton across varied aquatic habitats, including...

We present an update of the distribution of the family Sparganophilidae in North America. Previously unpublished provincial and state records are included for the 11 extant species in this monogeneric family – Sparganophilus gatesi, S. helenae, S. komareki, S. kristinae, S. meansi, S. pearsei, S. smithi, S. sonomae, S. tamesis, S. tennesseensis, S....

Achaeta (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Clitellata) is a genus of small, soil-dwelling annelids, peculiar by the absence of chaetae in all species. Here two new species of this genus are described from afforestation sites in southern Poland. Descriptions are based on the investigation of living and preserved material. The species are also characterize...

In recent years, population outbreaks of the annelid Hermodice carunculata (Polychaeta, Amphinomidae) are recurrently detected along the coastal zone of the Salento peninsula (Southern Italy), with impacts on marine benthic ecosystems. Annelida are renowned for their remarkable regeneration potential, enabling them to reform lost body parts by asex...

Molecular clock estimates suggest the origin of Annelida dates back to the Ediacaran period, which is in discordance with the first appearance of this taxon in the early Cambrian, as evidenced by the fossil records of stem-group and basally branching crown-group annelids. Using new material from the early Cambrian Guanshan biota (Cambrian Series 2,...

The presence of microplastic particles in agroecosystems has profound implications for soil quality, crop yield, and soil biota. Earthworms are widely recognized as valuable soil bioindicators due to their abundance, fast reproduction, and easy manipulation. The aim of this study was to observe Eisenia fetida avoidance behavior and changes in bioma...

Benthic invertebrates are important trophic links in food webs and useful bioindicators of environmental conditions, but long‐term benthic organism abundance data across broad geographic areas are rare and historic datasets are often not readily accessible. This dataset provides densities of benthic macroinvertebrates collected from 1930 to 2019 du...

Annelid biodiversity studies in the Red Sea are limited and integrative taxonomy is needed to accurately improve reference libraries in the region. As part of the bioblitz effort in Saudi Arabia to assess the invertebrate biodiversity in the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Perinereis specimens from intertidal marine and lagoon-like rocky enviro...

Both human populations and marine biodiversity are concentrated along coastlines, with growing conservation interest in how these ecosystems can survive intense anthropogenic impacts. Tropical urban centres provide valuable research opportunities because these megacities are often adjacent to mega-diverse coral reef systems. The Pearl River Delta i...

Kelp forests along the southwestern and west coasts of South Africa, dominated by the species Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida , are locally termed ‘the Great African Seaforest’. They form 3-dimensional biogenic habitats that provide 4 distinct microhabitats—canopy, fronds, stipe and holdfast—with the latter typically supporting the highest ab...

Representatives of Eunicida have the most complex jaw apparatus among the Annelida group. The general morphology of their jaws is well studied and is important both for the classification of recent species and for the evolutionary interpretation of extant–extinct eunicidan relationships. The fine structure of the jaws can be useful as an additional...

The Sansha Yongle Blue Hole (SYBH) is the world’s deepest marine blue hole with unique physicochemical characteristics. However, our knowledge of the biodiversity and community structure in SYBH sediments remains limited, as past studies have mostly focused on microbial communities in the water column. Here, we collected sediment samples from the a...

Studies of climate factors on benthic fauna in Jabi Lake was conducted from November, 2016 to June, 2017 using combination of insitu and laboratory equipment. Three stations were selected to determine the climate characteristics based on activities in the various stations and proximity to terrestrial influence. The results of the climatic parameter...

A toxicogenomic approach was used for toxicity evaluation of arsenic in the aquatic environment, and differential gene expression was investigated from 24 h and 96 h water-only acute toxicity tests with the aquatic oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex (Annelida, Clitellata). Several toxicological endpoints (survival and autotomy) of the oligochaete and tis...

Most species of the bone-devouring marine annelid, Osedax, display distinct sexual dimorphism with macroscopic sedentary females rooted in bones and free-living microscopic dwarf males. The paedomorphic male resembles the non-feeding metatrochophore larva in size, presence of eight pairs of chaetae, and a head ciliation potentially representing a r...

Corsica and Sardinia are amongst the largest islands of the Western Mediterranean. Their complex geological history included belonging to the European–Iberian continental margin (close to current-day Catalonia and Provence) and varying degrees of isolation for the last 30 million years, leading to peculiar, highly endemic faunas and floras. This is...

Five new species of Terebellides are described from coastal and deep waters of Papua New Guinea, using both morphology and molecular tools (for four species). Terebellides elenae n. sp. is characterized by the absence of both a glandular lateral region on TC3 and papillae on margins of the branchial lamellae and by the presence of partially fused b...

Fluorescence in marine animals has mainly been studied in Cnidaria but is found in many different phyla such as Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Chordata. While many fluorescent proteins and molecules have been identified, very little information is available about the biological functions of fluorescence. In this review, we focus on describing t...

Individual organisms can host multiple species of parasites (or symbionts), and one species of parasite can infect different host species, creating complex interactions among multiple hosts and parasites. When multiple parasite species coexist in a host, they may compete or use strategies, such as spatial niche partitioning, to reduce competition....

Environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from water is routinely used in river biodiversity research, and via metabarcoding eDNA can provide comprehensive taxa lists with little effort and cost. However, eDNA‐based species detection in streams and rivers may be influenced by sampling season and other key factors such as water temperature and discharge. R...

Nereidid polychaetes are well known from shallow marine habitats, but their diversity in the deep sea is poorly known. Here we describe an unusual new nereidid species found at methane seeps off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Specimens of Pectinereis strickrotti gen. nov., sp. nov. had been observed dating back to 2009 swimming just above the sea...

The frequency of growth increments in the tube wall of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic serpulids is in the range of modern species (i.e. 7–37 growth lines per 50 μm). The growth increments of serpulids do not show correlation with the water temperature and presumably cold water and warm water serpulid species are growing on average with similar speed in...

Oceanic islands harbor a unique and distinct fauna and flora, usually isolated by distance and the deep sea, making them fascinating environments to study. Despite their importance, taxonomic accounts from Brazilian oceanic islands have only recently begun to focus on important groups such as the Syllidae family. In this article, we present detaile...

The mitogenome sequence of Hyperhalosydna striata was determined for the first time in the present study. The genome is 15,226 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA). The overall base composition was 28.0% A, 21.9% C, 13.0% G, and 37.1% T. A phylogenetic tree was constr...

The chemical diversity of annelids, particularly those belonging to the class Sipuncula, remains largely unexplored. However, as part of a Marine Biodiscovery program in Ireland, the peanut worm Phascolosoma granulatum emerged as a promising source of unique metabolites. The purification of the MeOH/CH2Cl2 extract of this species led to the isolati...

Branchiobdellidans dwelling on Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) from 13 localities in Lithuania were collected in 2018 and 2020. Four Branchiobdella species were identified: B. astaci Odier, 1823, B. pen-tadonta Whitman, 1882, B. kozarovi Sucbhev, 1978 and B. bulgariensis Subchev & Rimcheska, 2021. Specimens of B. astaci were found only in two loca...

The reproductive cycle of Marphysa sanguinea is described for a population at Mount Edgecombe, Plymouth, near the type location in Southwest England, using a data set obtained previously (October 1999 to September 2000). The species is iteroparous without schizogamy, spawning prior to October 1999 and during a short breeding season in 2000 from end...

The northwestern part of the Black Sea (NWBS) is a vast shallow water area, biocenoses of which are an important component of the Black Sea ecosystem. Since the benthos of this region has not been studied in recent decades, data on its current state are relevant. A significant contribution to the taxonomic composition of macrozoobenthos is made by...

Symbionts, including parasites, are usually small and thus have been overlooked for their existence and scientific research. In the context of biological invasion, host shifts between native and non-native species occur. Since symbionts often affect host behaviour and survival, it is important to reveal the cryptic invasions and host shifts of such...

Background The evolutionary origins of animal nervous systems remain contentious because we still have a limited understanding of neural development in most major animal clades. Annelids — a species-rich group with centralised nervous systems — have played central roles in hypotheses about the origins of animal nervous systems. However, most studie...

Pilargidae is a family of free-living and burrowing marine annelids. A lack of available molecular data for most of these species has precluded a molecular assessment of their phylogenetic relationships and has left uncertain the placement of Antonbruunia, which is hypothesized to be either a member of Pilargidae or its sister clade, the monotypic...

Proteinaceous toxins are peptides or proteins that hold great biotechnological value, evidenced by their ecological role, whether as defense or predation mechanisms. Bioprospecting using bioinformatics and omics may render screening for novel bioactives more expeditious, especially considering the immense diversity of toxin-secreting marine organis...

There are very few taxonomic studies of Brazilian sipunculan worms, and the species occurring along the northern coasts are largely understudied. We report herein the occurrence of four shallow water species along the intertidal zones of Bahia and Pernambuco states. Antillesoma antillarum (Grübe & Oersted, 1858) occurs from underneath beach rocks o...

The general morphology of the body, including the distribution of putative sensory ciliary cells, was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the siboglinid Nereilinum murmanicum Ivanov, 1961 collected from the Barents Sea and at a new, deeper locality in the Greenland Sea outside the known range of this species. The fine features of cu...

Iron Formations (IF) are among the most threatened environments due to the extensive mining activities. Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) in IF represents a poorly known subterranean environment and evaluating its fauna has the potential for expanding knowledge about the distribution of troglobiotic populations. We evaluated the spatiotemporal dist...

Various processes trigger the formation, disappearance or expansion of lakes and ponds in Antarctica. Such dynamic ecosystems are a challenging environment for their inhabitants. We studied aquatic invertebrates in lakes and ponds on Livingston and Horseshoe Islands, Antarctica. Invertebrate fauna was either poor, in terms of diversity, or complete...

Cirrodrilus makinoi (Yamaguchi, 1934) has not been identified since it was originally described from the Japanese crayfish, Cambaroides japonicus (De Haan, 1841) on Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. A critical morphological comparison of the original and new material of C. makinoi with those of closely related C. tsugarensis Gelder and Ohtaka, 2000,...

Banana trash, waterhayacynth, and paddy straw stand in subsequent position by recording seven and six mineral compositions lacking with four and five minerals at thepartial decomposition of these substrates at 30 days before treatment imposition. Among the seven substrates tested for the evaluation of the performanceof E.euginae banana trash seems...

Parasphaerosyllis Monro, 1937 is a syllid genus, currently composed of four species: P. indica Monro, 1937 from the Arabian Sea, P. uschakovi (Chlebovitsch, 1959) from the Kurile Islands, P. ezoensis Imajima & Hartman, 1964 from Japan and P. malimalii Capa, San Martín & López, 2001 from the Pacific coast of Panama. The distribution of P. indica is...

Macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with six aquatic macrophyte species were investigated in Nigeen Lake of Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir. Across the lake surface, four locations were selected for collection of the aquatic macrophytes. The macrophytes were collected in plastic bags, labelled, and brought to laboratory for further analysis....