Science topics: PsycholinguisticsAgraphia
Science topic
Agraphia - Science topic
Loss or impairment of the ability to write (letters, syllables, words, or phrases) due to an injury to a specific cerebral area or occasionally due to emotional factors. This condition rarely occurs in isolation, and often accompanies APHASIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p485; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
Publications related to Agraphia (2,219)
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Play and learn, or learn while having fun. Unfortunately, in today's achievement-oriented society, education is all about getting a student to complete a predetermined task on time. This pressure can be very stressful for students, especially if they themselves are perfectionists and want to do their best, and fear failure (repeating a term) and th...
Gerstmann syndrome, characterized by a tetrad of symptoms, which are agraphia, acalculia, left-right disorientation, and finger agnosia, presents challenges in both understanding its pathophysiology and establishing effective treatment modalities. Neuroanatomical studies have highlighted the involvement of the dominant parietal lobe, particularly t...
Having just celebrated Neurodiversity Awareness Week in March, it is appropriate to continue the discussion of neurodiversity, this time with a paramedic specific focus. Beginning with an overview of neurodiversity and what it means to be neurodivergent, the focus then moves on to consider the recognised types of neurodivergent conditions, before c...
A growing number of primary school students experience difficulties with grapho-motor skills involved in handwriting, which impact both form and content of their texts. Therefore, it is important to assess and monitor handwriting skills in primary school via standardized tests and detect specific grapho-motor parameters (GMPs) which impact handwrit...
18 Jun 2024): Developmental surface dyslexia and dysgraphia in a child with corpus callosum agenesis: an approach to diagnosis and treatment, Cognitive Neuropsychology, ABSTRACT We present a case study detailing cognitive performance, functional neuroimaging, and effects of a hypothesis-driven treatment in a 10-year-old girl diagnosed with complete...
This paper explores the integration of technology in education to support students with learning disabilities, focusing on dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. The advancements in educational technology have provided new tools and strategies to enhance learning experiences and outcomes for these students. We will examine the characteristics of le...
This study examines the impact of dysgraphia on grade progression in upper primary learners in Mongu District. Dysgraphia is a condition that impacts an individual’s writing skills and is classified as a learning disability. The study aims to investigate the correlation between dysgraphia and academic performance, specifically in the context of gra...
Given the urgent need for early detection of learning disorders such as dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia in children, this study aimed to evaluate an expert system developed in Python to facilitate early diagnosis of these disorders. The background highlights the importance of providing parents, educators, and health professionals with an effe...
RESUMO Introdução: A escrita é um processo complexo que envolve habilidades cognitivas, linguísticas e motoras e requer mediação ativa para seu aprendizado. Déficits motores na escrita podem resultar em dificuldades na aprendizagem, desde problemas na fluência da escrita até erros ortográficos, gerados pelo mau traçado. Assim, torna-se importante d...
Primary school is a unique period when children develop their writing and orthography skills. If, in preschool age, special attention was paid to the correct holding of the pen and writing simple signs. Then, during the school years, it is necessary to teach the child how to draw letters correctly and write without spelling errors. At this very tim...
Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies has brought substantial improvement in clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell neoplasms. However, complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) limit the therapeutic efficacy of this...
Purpose of Review
Typing is an important skill for education and beyond and is often recommended for those with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and/or specific learning disorder (SLD) when handwriting is a challenge. This review outlines a model of typing to demonstrate the language, perceptual, and motor components involved. It then summ...
Special issue: Approaches to writing instruction around the world Call for papers
https://journal.equinoxpub.com/WAP/announcement/view/363
Writing instruction is shaped by contextual affordances and constraints. Teachers in different school systems will typically have undergone different pre-service training reflecting contemporary theoretical cu...
Learning disabilities, which primarily interfere with basic learning skills such as reading, writing, and math, are known to affect around 10% of children in the world. The poor motor skills and motor coordination as part of the neurodevelopmental disorder can become a causative factor for the difficulty in learning to write (dysgraphia), hindering...
This is the case report of a woman who started to write and read from right to left after anterior cerebral artery stroke, affecting the left supplementary motor area. No cases were found in the literature with exactly the same characteristics. She has been able to read and write faster after rehabilitation approach at Sarah Network of Rehabilitati...
Background and objectives
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) signifies a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders principally affecting language functions. The major syndromic variants of PPA present with distinct profiles of linguistic deficits. However, current concepts and diagnosis of PPA are largely based on English-speaking patients, while...
We reviewed strategies that can be used with dysgraphic students in career and technical education (CTE) classrooms. Dysgraphia is a disorder that involves difficulties with writing. Dysgraphic students may struggle with hand strength and dexterity. There has been an emphasis in career and technical education (CTE) instruction throughout the United...
This poster presentation provides a review of interventions and classroom strategies used with dysgraphic students. Strategies for addressing handwriting difficulties generally fall into two categories, direct and indirect services. Direct services includes activities working directly with the student, while indirect services includes working with...
p>Learning disabilities in children occur in early childhood age. These disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, ADHD, etc. These children face difficulty in academic progress in life. Difficulties include reading, writing, and spelling words, despite these students possessing normal or above-average intelligence. The learning gap be...
A 73-year-old woman with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) presented with progressive apperceptive visual agnosia, alexia, agraphia, ventral simultanagnosia, prosopagnosia, and allocentric (stimulus-centered) left-sided hemispatial neglect. All of these symptoms were attributed to damage to the bilateral occipito-temporal cortices, consistent with v...
A 58-year-old, right-handed man noticed difficulty in typing and speech. On day 3 after onset, the day of admission, he had frontal lobe dysfunction including verbal fluency impairment and impairment of recent memory, although he did not have apraxia or visual agnosia. Moreover, he had difficulty typing in romaji, especially words containing contra...
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are a group of conditions affecting children’s neurodevelopment with consequences on personal, social, and educational functioning. Social robots have been used in the rehabilitation of children with NDD with encouraging results on learning outcomes. This study aims at understanding how a social robot should act t...
Context: Angular gyrus is an anatomical structure of the brain located in the parietal lobe, taking part in writing and reading, language-use, memory and attention and spatial recognition. It is supplied by the angular gyrus artery, which is one of the caudal branches of the middle cerebral artery. One of the clinical pathologies of the angular gyr...
Background
Children with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) and their parents experience many problems that may influence their interactions. The study aimed to evaluate the maternal acceptance/rejection status of children with SLDs and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, and problem behaviors.
Methods
The Parental Accepta...
Student who had difficulty in writing, especially if asked to write cursive letters. There were several writing difficulties faced by students such as the student's lack of focus in copying the writing on the board, this made student was slow in completing work. This study aims to analyze the learning writing disorder experienced by the student and...
Language and characters contain rich information and play an important role in daily communication. Although flexible pressure sensors have aroused extensive attention in information interaction, the application in the special groups who characterized with “voiceless” and/or “dysgraphia” cannot normally speak and/or write is usually ignored. Herein...
Background: School health surveys serve as a cost-effective and comprehensive means to screen a large number of pediatric children, facilitating primary and secondary prevention initiatives simultaneously.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a primary school in Pune to assess the physical development of children aged 5 to 17 years...
In the digital age, handwriting literacy has declined to a worrying degree, especially in non-alphabetic writing systems. In particular, Chinese (and also Japanese) handwriters have suffered from character amnesia (提笔忘字), where people cannot correctly produce a character though they can recognize it. Though character amnesia is widespread, there is...
The Amnesia Light and Brief Assessment (abbreviated from the initial letters as ALBA) consists of repeating a sentence of six words, performing and later recalling six gestures, and finally recall of the words of the original sentence. The ALBA educational video is freely available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyCuWc0-Gro. The innovative ALB...
The Study Title: The Effectiveness of Response to Intervention (RtI) in the Treatment of Primary School Pupils, Dysgraphia.
This qualitative study focused on educators’ perspectives of teaching students with dysgraphia. Dysgraphia can be referred to as a specific learning disorder (SLD) in writing and includes difficulties with handwriting, spelling, and/or composition skills. To explore the educators’ experiences, an interpretative phenomenological analysis method was...
Dysgraphia is a learning difference that impairs students' capacity to produce legible and coherent written language and poses significant obstacles for their academic and personal growth. With the advent of Assistive Technologies (AT), however, new possibilities emerge for individuals with this learning disability to accomplish tasks that were pre...
Handwriting abnormalities in children with attention deficit yperactivity disorder (ADHD)have sometimes been reported both (i) at the product level (i.e., quality/legibility of the writtentrace and speed of writing) and (ii) at the process level (i.e., dynamic and kinematic features, suchas on-paper and in-air durations, pen pressure and velocity p...
This study focused on the design and testing of a deep learning model which could be used to distinguish between 'Low Potential Dysgraphia' and 'High Potential Dysgraphia', based upon using these handwriting image samples for children at school age. One of the methodologies was to create a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) by using augmented sampl...
Across the globe, dyslexia and dysgraphia are two frequent learning disorders identified in classrooms. This condition is characterized by difficulties in age-appropriate reading without any sociocultural restrictions. Children with this disorder have difficulty recognizing word and letter patterns. Early identification of dyslexic children (DC) is...
Children with different levels of reading proficiency demonstrate different information processing speed, reading accuracy and cognitive strategies. The study presents the results of analyses of eye movement features when performing letter search tasks in lexical and sub-lexical environments. The task of searching for a particular grapheme by the r...
Handwriting is a complex perceptual motor task that requires years of training and practice before complete mastery. Its acquisition is crucial, since handwriting is the basis, together with reading, of the acquisition of higher-level skills such as spelling, grammar, syntax, and text composition. Despite the correct learning and practice of handwr...
There are three types of specific learning disorders, namely dyscalculia, dyslexia, and dysgraphia. Pupils with dyscalculia facing difficulties in acquiring basic arithmetic skills. Dyscalculia Module has been designed and developed for pupils with dyscalculia to learn basic arithmetic skills. The purpose of this study is to measure the validity of...
Introduction
Language-based learning disabilities (LBLD) refers to a spectrum of neurodevelopmental-associated disorders that are characterized by cognitive and behavioral differences in comprehending, processing and utilizing spoken and/or written language. The focus of this work was on identifying early predictors of three main specific LBLD incl...
Calmodulin‐binding transcriptional activator 1 (CAMTA1) is highly expressed in the brain and plays a role in cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, regulation of long‐term memory, and initial development, maturation, and survival of cerebellar neurons. The existence of human neurological phenotypes, including cerebellar dysfunction with varia...
Speech therapy care for students with dyslexia and dysgraphia is the result of the essential relationships that are established in the model of care for communication and language disorders in the Cuban nation. The latest studies on "dyslexia" and "dysgraphia" emphasize the need to deepen scientific research; as it has not been concealed, on an int...
Cerebral maturation is characterized by different age-dependent molecular and cellular processes and follows a different course for grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM). During brain development, a crucial point seems to be represented by the establishment of a hemispheric specialization with the left hemisphere dominant for language and motor co...
This research aims to find out the types or obstacles that occur to students in carrying out the learning process and show how to overcome them. In this study we used the library research method. Learning difficulties are one of the conditions in which learners cannot achieve the expected learning objectives. This is caused by a gap between intelli...
Learning disorder is a serious educational problem that extends to cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. Being somewhat subtly hidden, it is not easily dictated. Prominent among other learning disorders are: Dyslexia (Reading disorder), Dyscalculia (Calculation Disorder) and Dysgraphia (Writing Disorder). This paper hopes to resolve problem...
Research regarding dysgraphia, an impairment in writing, is attaining more attention in recent times. The existing studies on dysgraphia draw insights from cognitive, behavioural, neurological, and genetic fields of knowledge. However, these multiple studies on dysgraphia fail to illustrate how these cognitive, behavioural, neurological, and geneti...
Children’s picturebooks have a unique potential to support young children with learning disabilities, to allow them to see themselves reflected in the stories, to educate others around them about their experiences and their needs, and to better represent the diversity of learners. Are today’s picturebooks that portray characters with learning disab...
Dysgraphia is a neurological disorder that hinders the acquisition process of normal writing skills in children, resulting in poor writing abilities. Poor or underdeveloped writing skills in children can negatively impact their self-confidence and academic growth. This work proposes various machine learning methods, including transfer learning via...
This study investigates the prevalence and nature of psychiatric comorbidities in individuals diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with a focus on diverse gender categories including transgender and non-binary individuals. Utilizing data from 1,528 participants sourced from the ADHDtest.ai website and under the guidance o...
Background
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is typically asymmetric. Case reports suggest that left-hemisphere CBS (lhCBS) is associated with major language impairment, and right-hemisphere CBS (rhCBS) is associated with major visuospatial deficits, but no group study has ever verified these observations. In our study, we enrolled 49 patients with CBS,...
Language and characters contain rich information and play an important role in daily communication. Although flexible pressure sensors have aroused extensive attention in information interaction, the application in the special groups who characterized with “voiceless” and/or “dysgraphia” cannot normally speak and/or write is usually ignored. Herein...
It is widely believed that if a child struggles at school, the most common reasons are learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and many more. Nevertheless, sometimes children, undiagnosed with the forenamed conditions, are unfocused during the lessons, unfollow th...
Over the years, researchers have discovered increased problems among children related to reading and writing. Dyslexia and Dysgraphia are the most common problems they try to solve with various paper-based activities and gaming interventions. But they either lack interactivity, and children get bored of the games after some time, or therapists and...
Dyslexia and dysgraphia are two common learning disabilities that affect children's ability to read, write, and spell accurately. These disabilities can significantly impede a child's academic performance, leading to lack of self-confidence, anxiety, and frustration. Traditional approaches to address these disabilities often involve one-on-one sess...
Crossed aphasia (CA) is a type of aphasia caused by cerebral hemispheric lesions on the same side of the dominant hand. The prevalence of CA is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in Korea to conduct 6 years of long-term speech therapy in a case of a patient with CA. The patient was a 57-year-old right-handed...
This chapter focuses on the implementation of a response to intervention model for assessment and treatment of dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia, which is illustrated through a longitudinal case study. The model links learning and adjustment difficulties to multivariate treatment, and through this to firm diagnosis and classification. In applyin...
In the modern society of technological developments, the various means of technology enter more and more both in daily life and in education. In this context, ICT plays an important role in the school. They are a valuable assistant in the pedagogical and teaching work of all teachers and in the achievement of the cognitive and social goals, determi...
Handwriting disorders (HDs) are prevalent in school-aged children, with significant interference with academic performances. The current study offers a transdisciplinary approach with the use of normed and standardized clinical assessments of neuropsychomotor, neuropsychological and oculomotor functions. The aim is to provide objective data for a b...
Intensive immunosuppression has enabled liver transplantation even in recipients with preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSA), an independent risk factor for graft rejection. However, these recipients may also be at high risk of progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML) due to the comorbid immunosuppressed status. A 58-year-old woman presented...
Even though educational technology is very advanced, some children experience learning disorders. Learning disorders in children include Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, and Dyspraxia. Ignorance about learning disorders in children will result in the child not getting help to reach his potential and have an impact on problematic behavior and dest...
The current study was designed to screen and observe dysgraphia in primary schools in Wassit governorate in Iraq. In addition, to identify the presence of any family environment characteristics associated with dysgraphia, a cross-sectional study has been applied during the period from 1st November 2018 to the end of March 2019, which was conducted...
Spelling is a revered skill in the modern world which can be significantly impaired by some factors like dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dysorthography. Previous studies in this field have primarily relied on inference from other populations, such as dyslexia, with limited empirical support for individuals specifically affected by dysorthography. Further...
Background
Specific learning disability (SLD) is a cognitive neurobiological disorder caused by atypical brain functioning. SLD is recognized when the individual’s achievement in school is below that expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence. Screening millions of students with SLD by health personnel is a logistical impossibility. Awa...
The study in hands aimed to assess the learning disabilities of physical education students and to suggest future implications. The study population comprised all the sports sciences and physical education students at the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan University. Thus, three hundred students were taken as samples using available sampling techniques. For...
HIV-negative progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has a poor prognosis due to a lack of standard treatment. Herein, we report a patient with HIV-negative PML which occurred after the treatment for classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (CHL). A 71-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital due to various neurological symptoms, including m...
Background and Objectives: Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by a persistent difficult in reading (dyslexia), written expression (dysgraphia), and mathematics (dyscalculia). The hereditary and genetic component is one of the underlying causes of SLD, but the relationship between genes and the envir...
A 72-year-old male developed neurological symptoms such as difficulty in charging his electronic money card and making his mobile-phone call ten months before admission. On admission, neurological examination revealed extensive higher brain dysfunction such as impairment in recent memory, executive function disorders, constructional disturbance, ag...
Introduction
Handwriting disorders (HDs) are prevalent in elementary school children, but their nature is poorly understood. Moreover, the diagnosis of dysgraphia is often too quickly concluded on a single assessment.
Objectives
In the present study, we aimed to use a transdisciplinary assessment approach. We looked for to provide objective data t...
Dyslexia is one of the most common forms of specific learning difficulties among the two other forms of specific learning difficulties, namely dysgraphia and dyscalculia. The main objective of this study is to analyse the effect of dyslexia on children's psychological development. In accordance with the aims and objectives of this research, the res...
Purpose: To assess the reading and writing skills using colored overlays among special population. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study in which 45 children from special population were recruited. Basic comprehensive eye examination and reading and writing skill, that has been carried by dynamic reader software test for writing skill and Yel...
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Dysgraphia is a handwriting problem that impairs a person’s ability to write. Even the diagnosis of this condition is challenging, and there is currently no cure. Researchers from all over the world have studied this issue and offered several solutions. Motivation to work on this problem did arise after meeting with a few students struggling in ach...
Purpose: To assess the reading and writing skills using colored overlays among special population. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study in which 45 children from special population were recruited. Basic comprehensive eye examination and reading and writing skill, that has been carried by dynamic reader software test for writing skill and Yel...
Children with normal intelligence, children with memory, writing coherence, grammar comprehension confusion and other problems due to impaired brain function, including children with dyslexia. In addition, dyslexia can also lead to dysgraphia, which is difficulty writing. Children with dyslexia (who do not have dyscalculia) have difficulty with sto...
Introduction. In addition to the development of spoken language, typical intellectual abilities, preservation of the senses of hearing and sight, phonological awareness and the ability of graphomotor expression are necessary for mastering the skills of reading and writing. With this in mind, the aim of this research is to determine the level of pho...
The article elucidated the theoretical-methodological foundations of the pedagogical benchmarks of influence of the specific means of physical education on the correction of dysgraphia in primary school students, a fact that determined the conceptualization and elaboration of a pedagogical model that allows improving them in the context of school p...
The mainstream examination for Parkinsons disease is still to determine the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), it can be inaccurate due to doctors or patients subjectivity. But recent studies have shown that patients of Parkinsons disease will represent a certain extent of dysgraphia in the early stage. Based on this feature, we propo...
Learning disabilities are one of the most common developmental disorders in children. Learning is fundamental to a child's overall development. Children struggle with daily activities such as reading, speaking, organizing things, and so on. The specific learning disorders are classified into dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. Children who find...
Dysgraphia is a disorder of expression with the writing of letters, words, and numbers. Dysgraphia is one of the learning disabilities attributed to the educational sector, which has a strong impact on the academic, motor, and emotional aspects of the individual. The purpose of this study is to identify dysgraphia in children by creating an engagin...
Despite all of the technical advancements in writing and text editing with keyboards on numerous devices, writing with a pen remains a fundamental ability in modern human existence. Handwriting disabilities are referred to as dysgraphia. Nonetheless, how well they are taught to write in school, 10-30% of children never attain a respectable level of...
The phenomenon of learning difficulties is one of the educational phenomena that have preoccupied educators, interested and specialists, especially since there is an international statistic indicating that the percentage of people with learning difficulties is 30%, and this percentage includes both male and female genders. Interest in the term lear...
Handwriting learning disabilities, such as dysgraphia, have a serious negative impact on children’s academic results, daily life and overall well-being. Early detection of dysgraphia facilitates an early start of targeted intervention. Several studies have investigated dysgraphia detection using machine learning algorithms with a digital tablet. Ho...
In Switzerland, psychomotor therapy (PMT) is a standard treatment for children with graphomotor impairments, but scientific evidence of its effectiveness is rare. To investigate the effectiveness of PMT, we conducted a randomised field trial (RFT). The sample consisted of 121 first and second graders with graphomotor impairments, some of whom met t...
In Switzerland, psychomotor therapy (PMT) is a standard treatment for children with graphomotor impairments, but scientific evidence of its effectiveness is rare. To investigate the effectiveness of PMT, we conducted a randomized field trial (RFT). The sample consisted of 121 first and second graders with graphomotor impairments, some of whom met t...
Diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD) in its early stages is a significant challenge in medicine. Hand tremors and dysgraphia, which are typical early motor symptoms of PD, can manifest for decades before a formal diagnosis is made. Therefore, handwriting analysis has become an important tool for detecting PD. While many machine learning algorithms h...
Domestically, gas geysers are used in developing countries like India to supply hot water in bathrooms. These are of low economic value, with no requirement of electricity and easy installation, hence they are high in demand. A female patient of 14 year visited to a private Ayurved clinic on 27/12/2021 with complaints of difficulty in dysgraphia, d...
Dysgraphia is a type of learning disorder that affects children's writing skills. Poor writing skills can obstruct students' academic growth if it is undiagnosed and untreated properly in the early stages. The irregularity in the symptoms and varying levels of difficulty at each age level made the dysgraphia diagnosis task quite complex. This work...
A 43-year-old woman was presented to our hospital with headache and difficulties in writing, speech and listening comprehension that had started one day earlier. A CT scan showed a high-density area in the subcortical region and adjacent cortical vessels in the parietal lobe. T2* images showed linear structures of low-intensity signal in the same a...
Handwriting is a complex motor activity. Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as dysgraphia can lead to severe handwriting difficulties. These dysfunctions could be predicted by measuring the pen’s motion, the pressure of the tip and the grip force while handwriting. Various hardware platforms have been proposed to sense pen movement. However, the gr...
Background
Dysgraphia is one of the learning disabilities that require a complex set motor actions. It affects writing skills in the form of poor handwriting, spelling problems, and difficulty in writing thoughts and ideas. Children with learning disabilities often show some soft neurological signs as graphesthesia. The aim of this work is to study...
Background: One-to-one rehabilitation therapy is effective in supporting people with moderate and severe aphasia to improve their written spelling with the aim of using writing to augment limited spoken language abilities. To date, there has been little exploration of therapy for dysgraphia in a group format. Aims: The present study was designed to...
This chapter provides an overview of the contributions of Helen Keller in the field of education discussing her primary influences, motivations, key contributions, insights, and legacies. Keller's views on education were inspired by the practices of her teacher and mentor, Anne Sullivan. Keller spoke of Sullivan as "the Teacher" even after her deat...
There are numerous reasons why a secondary school student may struggle with learning. Some students may have a specific learning disorder, such as dyslexia or dysgraphia which cause difficulty with reading and writing. In fact, statistics reveal that nearly 10% of Australian students aged five to 18 have a disability (AIHW, 2022). Other students ma...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) Dysgraphia is a disorder that affects most PD patients and is characterized by handwriting anomalies caused mostly by motor dysfunctions. Several effective ways to quantify PD dysgraphia analysis have been used, including online handwriting processing. In this research, an integrated approach, using a combination of a convo...
BACKGROUND
Apraxia of speech is a disorder of speech-motor planning in which articulation is effortful and error-prone despite normal strength of the articulators. Phonological alexia and agraphia are disorders of reading and writing disproportionately affecting unfamiliar words. These disorders are almost always accompanied by aphasia.
OBSERVATIO...
Background: Specific Learning disabilities (SLD) are a diversified group of neuro-behavioural features illustrated by difficulty in mathematical abilities, efficient reading and writing. These disabilities often lead to low self-esteem, lack of confidence and negativity among the students. However, the signs and symptoms are often ignored by the te...
