November 2023
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Cureus
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive tumour, with 25% of the cases presenting with distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Approximately 33% of the patients with RCC eventually develop metastatic spread. RCC can metastasize to various sites including the lung, liver, bone, brain, adrenal gland, and more. Cardiac metastasis is rare in RCC, but even rarer in the absence of inferior vena cava (IVC) involvement. This case report presents a 60-year-old male patient who was referred by his general practitioner due to breathing difficulties. An initial echocardiogram revealed a right ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by a mass. A subsequent cardiac MRI showed a right ventricular mass with features suggestive of a metastatic spread. A CT scan of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis was done to ascertain the primary tumour which revealed RCC, without involving the IVC. Due to the presence of metastases, advanced disease, and heavy tumour burden, the multidisciplinary team concluded that there were almost negligible treatment options available at that stage and recommended the best supportive care and community hospice support. The patient was discharged once his symptoms improved, as per his request, and he passed away peacefully at home within a month. This case highlights the very rare occurrence of cardiac metastasis of RCC without IVC involvement. It also illustrates the approach and investigations involved in the evaluation of complex cardiac masses.