March 2024
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13 Reads
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2 Citations
Journal of Water Process Engineering
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March 2024
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13 Reads
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2 Citations
Journal of Water Process Engineering
September 2023
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35 Reads
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2 Citations
Polymers
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is a material that is extensively applied for water pollution treatment, but its poor dispersibility, easy oxidation, and inconvenient collection limit its application. To overcome these drawbacks and limit secondary contamination of nanomaterials, we confine NZVI supported by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the scaffold of sodium alginate (SA) gel beads (SA/NZVI-rGO). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the NZVI was uniformly dispersed in the gel beads. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding and conjugation between SA and rGO allowed the NZVI-rGO to be successfully embedded in SA. Furthermore, the mechanical strength, swelling resistance, and Cr(VI) removal capacity of SA/NZVI-rGO were enhanced by optimizing the ratio of NZVI and rGO. Interestingly, cation exchange may drive Cr(VI) removal above 82% over a wide pH range. In the complex environment of actual Cr(VI) wastewater, Cr(VI) removal efficiency still reached 70.25%. Pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm are preferred to explain the removal process. The mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by SA/NZVI-rGO is dominated by reduction and adsorption. The sustainable removal of Cr(VI) by packed columns could be well fitted by the Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models, and importantly, the gel beads maintained integrity during the prolonged removal. These results will contribute significant insights into the practical application of SA/NZVI-rGO beads for the Cr(VI) removal in aqueous environments.
September 2023
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10 Reads
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1 Citation
Journal of Environmental Sciences
February 2023
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13 Reads
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17 Citations
Journal of Water Process Engineering
In this study, nano zero-valent iron-reduced graphene oxide (NZVI-rGO) was successfully synthesized and applied for 2,4-DCP and Cr (VI) removal. Characterization results show that NZVI particles were successfully loaded on rGO nanosheets increasing the dispersibility of particles. Removal experiments indicate that the existence of rGO significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP and Cr (VI) compared with bare nano zero-valent iron. The removal rate of 2,4-DCP and Cr(VI) increased from 33.24 % and 63.14 % to 100 % and 98.40 %, respectively. Pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model could better explain the 2,4-DCP removal process. The removal mechanism of 2,4-DCP in the process of simultaneous removal is adsorption, including π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding and n-π EDA interaction between Cr(VI) and 2,4-DCP. Cr(VI) is firstly fixed on the surface of NZVI-rGO by electrostatic interaction. The electrostatic interaction between γ-FeOOH and Cr(VI) and the strong connection formed by n-π EDA interaction between Cr(VI) and 2,4-DCP promote the adsorption of Cr(VI) in coexisting system. Subsequently, Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III) by accepting the electrons donated by NZVI, and Cr(III) interacts with OH⁻ in the solution to generate Cr(OH)3 precipitate. The existence of rGO accelerates the rate of electron transfer to Cr(VI) in NZVI. This study provides theoretical support for remediation of combined pollution of chlorinated organics and heavy metals.
January 2023
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35 Reads
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2 Citations
Cr(VI) pollution in water bodies is very harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to remove Cr(VI) from water. In this study, the composite (FP-nZVI) was prepared by loading nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) onto cellulose filter paper (FP) using a liquid-phase reduction method to improve the dispersibility and oxidation resistance of nZVI. In batch experiments, the effects of iron loading of FP-nZVI, initial concentration of Cr(VI), temperature, and pH on Cr(VI) removal were particularly investigated. The maximum removal rate of 98.6% was achieved at 25 °C, pH = 5, initial concentration of Cr(VI) of 20 mg/L, and FeCl3·6H2O solution concentration of 0.8 mol/L. The removal of Cr(VI) by FP-nZVI conformed to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The mechanism of Cr(VI) removal was a multi-step removal mechanism, involving adsorption, reduction, and coprecipitation. Column experiments investigated the effect of flow rate (1 mL/min, 3 mL/min, and 5 mL/min) on Cr(VI) removal. We found that increasing flow rate slightly decreased the removal rate of Cr(VI). The transport of Cr(VI) in composite porous media was simulated using HYDRUS-1D, and the results show that the two-site model can well simulate the reactive transport of Cr(VI). This study may provide a useful reference for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with Cr(VI) or other similar heavy metals using FP-nZVI.
January 2022
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10 Reads
SSRN Electronic Journal
November 2021
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83 Reads
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13 Citations
Adsorption Science & Technology
In this study, nano zero-valent iron-reduced graphene oxide (NZVI-rGO) composites were synthesized to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as an efficient adsorbent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that NZVI particles were successfully loaded and dispersed uniformly on rGO nanosheets. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the interaction between NZVI-rGO and 2,4-DCP promoted the adsorption process. A three-level, four-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the influencing factors including NZVI-rGO dosage, 2,4-DCP initial concentration, reaction time and initial pH. A statistically significant, well-fitting quadratic regression model was successfully constructed to predict 2,4-DCP removal rate. The high F value (15.95), very low P value (
August 2021
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69 Reads
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6 Citations
Water Science & Technology
In this study, a new sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) supported on hydrogel (S-nZVI@H) was successfully synthesized for the removal of chromium (Cr) (VI) from groundwater. The surface morphology, dispersion phenomenon and functional groups of novel S-nZVI@H were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Box–Behnken design (BBD) optimization technology based on response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to demonstrate the influence of the interaction of S-nZVI@H dose, initial Cr(VI) concentration, contact time, and initial pH with the Cr(VI) removal efficiency. The analysis of variance results (F = 118.73, P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.9916) show that the quadratic polynomial model is significant enough to reflect the close relationship between the experimental and predicted values. The predicted optimum removal conditions are: S-nZVI@H dose 9.46 g/L, initial Cr(VI) concentration 30 mg/L, contact time 40.7 min, and initial pH 5.27, and the S-nZVI@H dose is the key factor affecting the removal of Cr(VI). The predicted value (99.76%) of Cr (VI) removal efficiency is in good agreement with the experimental value (97.75%), which verifies the validity of the quadratic polynomial model. This demonstrates that RSM with appropriate BBD can be utilized to optimize the design of experiments for removal of Cr(VI). HIGHLIGHTS Hydrogel-supported sulfidated zero-valent iron nanoparticle (S-nZVI@H) was successfully prepared and used to remove Cr(VI) from groundwater.; The effect of the interaction of four independent variables on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was studied by RSM.; The optimum removal conditions and key factors for Cr(VI) removal were determined.; BBD is considered to optimize the experimental study of Cr(VI) removal by S-nZVI@H.;
May 2021
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105 Reads
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10 Citations
Chitosan-stabilized nano zero-valent iron (CTS-nZVI) prepared by the liquid-phase reduction method has been shown to achieve a good dispersion effect. However, there has been little analysis on the mechanism affecting its stability and transport in saturated porous media. In this paper, settling experiments were conducted to study the stabilization of CTS-nZVI. The transport of CTS-nZVI in saturated porous media at different influencing factors was studied by sand column experiments. The stability mechanism of CTS-nZVI was analyzed from the point of view of colloidal stability by settling experiments and a zeta potential test. The theoretical model of colloidal filtration was applied for the calculation of transport coefficients on the basis of the column experiments data. Considering attachment–detachment effects, a particle transport model was built using HYDRUS-1D software to analyze the transport and spatial distribution of CTS-nZVI in a sand column.
... The presence of hydroxyl groups in GG structure facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonding in aqueous solution (Bakshi et al., 2021;Gupta & Verma, 2014;Kumar, Rijo, & Sabitha, 2018;Sarangi, Rao, & Parcha, 2021;Tuteja & Nagpal, 2023;Verma & Sharma, 2021). In cold water, GG converts into colloidal dispersion through swelling (Abdolmaleki, Alizadeh, Hosseini, & Nayebzadeh, 2020;Kongjaroen et al., 2022;Ma, You, Yang, Ren, & Jing, 2023;Sujatha, Sivaraman, & Subramani, 2020;Theocharidou et al., 2021). It also possesses gelled network forming ability which can facilitate the release of the drug (Azehaf, Benzine, Tagzirt, Skiba, & Karrout, 2023;Iyengar, Komala, & Satheeshkumar, 2020;Kabziński, Neupauer, Nowak, Kruk, & Kaczmarczyk, 2019;Mahto & Mishra, 2019;Niu et al., 2021;Simiqueli, Vidigal, Minim, & Minim, 2019). ...
September 2023
Journal of Environmental Sciences
... Fortunately, adsorption has emerged as one of the most effective methods for removing heavy metal ions, particularly at low concentrations, in comparison to other techniques. This method offers several advantages, including high efficiency, eco-friendliness, low cost, and ease of operation [10][11][12][13][14][15]. ...
September 2023
Polymers
... The synthesized material was collected, washed and dried. Similar synthesis procedure was also reported by (Jabeen et al. 2011;Vinicius et al. 2022;Jing et al. 2022;You et al. 2023). Recently, GO-supported nanoscale zero-valent Fe nanoparticles (rGO/nZVI) were employed effectively by Liu and co-workers (Liu et al. 2022) to remove Cr(VI) from groundwater. ...
February 2023
Journal of Water Process Engineering
... This is why several techniques have been proposed for their elimination from effluents before their discharge [3][4][5]. Biological and physicochemical techniques are the main treatment processes for such effluents [6,7]. The first one is economical, but its efficiency is limited in the case of refractory organic wastewater. ...
November 2021
Adsorption Science & Technology
... As shown in Fig. 8(a), the maximum removal capacity of Cr(VI) by S-nZVI@H was 9.24 mg/g, which was lower that that of porous styrene resin loaded carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized nano-zero-valent iron (CMC-D201 @nZVI) (Zeng et al., 2022), and sludge-based biochar activated by KOH supported nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI@SBC-KOH) (Wang et al., 2022a); but higher than that of other nZVI-hydrogel composites reported by literature, such as the hydrogel-supported sulfidated nano zero-valent iron (H-S-nZVI) (Jing et al., 2021), Cellulose hydrogel coated nanometer zero-valent iron intercalated montmorillonite (CH-MMT-nFe 0 ) (Wang et al., 2022b), nZVI coated by cellulose hydrogel (CH@nFe 0 ) (Wang et al., 2020b), nZVI embedded into reduced graphene oxide-alginate (Fe@GA) (Lv et al., 2017), nZVI embedded into poly(sodium acrylate) cryogels (PSA-nZVI) (Jia et al., 2018), and Fe nanoparticles-calcium alginate hydrogel membrane (FeNPs-CaAlg) (Liu et al., 2019). ...
August 2021
Water Science & Technology
... The two-site sorption model takes into consideration both the solid phase concentration on equilibrium sites (S 1 ) and the solid phase concentration on kinetic non-equilibrium sites (S 2 ) [53]. Therefore, the shape of the BTC varied between pH 5 and 7. ...
May 2021