Zhicheng Gong's research while affiliated with South Central College and other places
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Publications (133)
RationaleThe growing evidence has demonstrated the importance of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the pathophysiology of depression. ERS genes were considered to be potential novel therapeutic targets for depression.Objectives
To clarify the mechanisms of the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)–induced ERS response and the potential contr...
Objectives:
Deep vein thrombosis in the upper extremities caused by peripherally placed central catheters is distinct from typical deep vein thrombosis. This specific kind of mural thrombus may have an impact on D-dimer levels. This study aimed to ascertain if the level of D-dimer level might be considered as independent separate diagnostic marker...
Since most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, there is no effective treatment to improve patient survival. Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death driven by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, has been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis. However, the detailed mechanism and biological functio...
Depression has become one of the most common mental diseases in the world, but the understanding of its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatments remains insufficient. Carnitine is a natural substance that exists in organisms, which can be synthesized in vivo or supplemented by intake. Relationships of carnitine with depression, bipolar disorder and o...
Background:
At present, the avoidance of drug shortages mainly relies on expert experience. This study aimed to establish an evaluation index system for the risk of drug shortages in medical institutions in China and to apply the system to guide the graded management of drugs in short supply.
Methods:
A two-round Delphi process was conducted to...
Overall, 12% of the global population (800 million) suffers from liver disease, which causes 2 million deaths every year. Liver injury involving characteristic reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and inflammation plays a key role in progression of liver disease. As a key metabolic organ of the human body, the liver is susceptible to injury from...
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death process that plays important regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, the molecular events surrounding aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that drive HCC initiation and progression have attracted increasing attention...
Compassionate use may play an important role in responding to major public health emergencies. The Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan launched the III phase of clinical trials of antiviral drug-remdesivir on February 6, 2020. As an unapproved drug, remdesivir raised great concerns about compassionate use in China. Compassionate use is therapeutic use of u...
Aims
To examine the effectiveness of D-dimer values to be used as an independent diagnostic marker for excluding peripherally inserted central catheter-associated upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and superficial vein thrombosis.
Design
This was a retrospective case–cohort study.
Methods
Records were reviewed for 281 patients who underwent per...
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. The substantial morbidity and mortality associated with the infection has prompted us to understand potential risk factors that can predict patient outcomes. Hypertension has been identified...
As the main substance in some traditional Chinese medicines, cucurbitacins have been used to treat hepatitis for decades in China. Currently, the use of cucurbitacins against cancer and other diseases has achieved towering popularity among researchers worldwide, as detailed in this review with summarized tables. Numerous studies have reported the p...
Background: The aim of this study was to describe the sleep quality and its influencing factors among medical workers of different working statuses and staff types during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.
Methods: Through an online questionnaire survey, all medical staffs in Xiangya Hospital were invited to complete sections on gene...
Background: Health literacy is essential to population health, yet few studies have described the geographic variation in health literacy in China. This study aimed to investigate the level of health literacy, its regional heterogeneities, as well as influencing factors of health literacy in 25 provinces or municipalities in China.
Methods: The stu...
Background
The purpose of this study is to elucidate the association between peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) in upper extremities and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) by observing the changes in D-dimer.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study with 3452 patients (104 inserted with PICCs and 3348 without PIC...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a general term that refers to the use of a machine to imitate intelligent behavior for performing complex tasks with minimal human intervention, such as machine learning; this technology is revolutionizing and reshaping medicine. AI has considerable potential to perfect health-care systems in areas such as diagnostic...
Gliomas, especially glioblastomas, represent one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat human brain tumors. In the last few decades, clinical immunotherapy has been developed and has provided exceptional achievements in checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines for cancer treatment. Immunization with cellular vaccines has the advantage of containin...
Several strategies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have improved therapeutic outcomes among cancer patients in clinical practice. However, due to their heterogeneity, cancer cells frequently display primary or acquired therapeutic resistance, thereby resulting in treatment failure. The mechanisms underlying cancer therapeutic resistance a...
Circadian rhythms are physical, behavioral and environmental cycles that respond primarily to light and dark, with a period of time of approximately 24 h. The most essential physiological functions of mammals are manifested in circadian rhythm patterns, including the sleep-wake cycle and nutrient and energy metabolism. Autophagy is a conserved biol...
In the era of the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy, there is a high level of interest in the application of cell-released small vesicles that stimulate the immune system. As cell-derived nanovesicles, exosomes show great promise in cancer immunotherapy because of their immunogenicity and molecular transfer function. The cargoes carried on...
Background:
Studies have demonstrated that S-adenosylmethionine could effectively affect the clinical wearing-off phenomena of levodopa, an antiparkinsonian agent; however, the detailed mechanisms for this effect need to be further clarified.
Results:
S-adenosylmethionine and levodopa had opposite effects on the protein stability of vascular end...
The purpose of this study was to identify a vital gene signature that has prognostic value for pancreatic cancer based on gene expression datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. A total of 34 genes were obtained by the univariate analysis, which were significantly associated with the overall survival of PC patients. After...
Extrachromosomal circular DNA was recently found to be particularly abundant in multiple human cancer cells, although its frequency varies among different tumor types. Elevated levels of extrachromosomal circular DNA have been considered an effective biomarker of cancer pathogenesis. Multiple reports have demonstrated that the amplification of onco...
Renal fibrosis is a major pathological process in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Growing evidence has suggested that gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to ESRD. However, the interplay between altered fecal microbiome and metabolome during the renal fibrotic process remains unclear. Her...
Background: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the association between peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) in upper extremities and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) by observing the changes in D-dimer.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 3452 patients (104 inserted with PICCs and 3348 without PICC...
Background: With the in-depth study of Peripherally Inserted Central venous Catheter (PICC) related venous thrombosis, it is found that the incidence of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) in patients with PICC in upper extremities is higher than that in patients without PICC . However, there is no explanation for this clinical phenomeno...
Background: With the extensive use of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), PICC-associated venous thrombosis (VT) has become one of the most important complications in the hospital. To reduce unnecessary Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) or imaging tests, D-dimer values are usually used to exclude VT for patients with low VT risk. There is l...
Background: With the extensive use of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), PICC-associated venous thrombosis (VT) has become one of the most important complications in the hospital. To reduce unnecessary color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) or imaging tests, D-dimer values are usually used to exclude VT. There is little evidence for the usefuln...
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a disease with a significantly high rate of morbidity, mortality and disability. Inhibition of inflammation is considered a potential strategy for improving the clinical symptoms induced by ICH. The hallmark of neuroinflammation is microglial activation. Microglia can polarize into either the classically activated...
Objectives:
To understand the psychological status of the staff in a general hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 and its influential factors, and to provide references for the mental health services to hospital staff.
Methods:
Using star platform of questionnaire, the staff in the general hospital were investigated via Depression, Anxie...
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules can be easily attacked by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during normal cellular metabolism and under various oxidative stress conditions. Numerous findings report that the amount of cellular 8-oxoG, the most abundant RNA damage biomarker, is a promising target for the sensitive measurement of oxid...
Background Clinical characteristics of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present differently within and outside the epicenter of Wuhan, China. More clinical investigations are needed. Objective The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and therapeutic methods of COVID-19 patients in...
Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a critical role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relationship between altered gut microbiome profiles and disease severity remains unclear. In this study, we sought to characterize the gut microbiota in CKD patients compared to healthy controls, and to explore p...
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is quickly spreading across China and globally. Pharmacy services are an important pillar in public health to prevent and contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Chinese pharmacists have acted swiftly in the public health response in China, such as drafting professional service guidance to pharmacists and pharmacies, es...
Background:
Growing evidence has shown that the gut-renal connection and gut microbiota dysbiosis play a critical role in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, the fecal microbiome profile in Chinese patients with IgAN remains unknown. A cross-sectional study was designed for the first time to investigate the fecal microbiota compositions...
Background. Fluoxetine (FLU) is the first-line and widely used medication for depression; however, FLU treatment is almost ineffective in 30%-40% of patients with depression. In addition, there are some problems in FLU treatment, such as delayed efficacy, large side effects, and poor tolerance. Chaihu Shugan San (CSS) is a classic and effective ant...
Like other countries, China has been experiencing drug shortages during the past years, including drugs on the National Essential Medicine List and emergency drugs. Drug shortages have raised public concerns in China and have severe impacts on all stakeholders in the supply chain, especially patients and hospitals. Recently, Chinese governments hav...
Background: Few studies described the geographic variations of health literacy in China. This study aimed to investigate the regional heterogeneities of health literacy level in Chinese population, in order to formulate targeted health literacy promotion strategies in different economic and cultural contexts.
Methods: Multi-stage stratification, cl...
Background: Few studies have described the geographic variation in health literacy in China. This study aimed to investigate the regional heterogeneities of health literacy levels in the Chinese population to formulate targeted health literacy promotion strategies in different economic and cultural contexts.
Methods: Multi-stage stratification and...
Background: Few studies have described the geographic variation in health literacy in China. This study aimed to investigate the regional heterogeneities in health literacy levels in the Chinese population, in order to formulate targeted health literacy promotion strategies in different economic and cultural contexts.
Methods: Multi-stage stratific...
Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is prevalent worldwide. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one of the main subtypes of NSCLC yet, currently, few biomarkers are available for the diagnosis of LUSC. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and role of adenosine deaminase RNA specific B1 (ADARB1) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LU...
Pembrolizumab monotherapy has been demonstrated as a first-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50%; however, the clinical efficacy is limited by the unreasonable threshold of the TPS. A recent study published by Mok et al. (Lancet 393:1819–1830, 2019)...
Purpose
Renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASBs), which include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-2 receptor 1 blockers (ARBs), have been reported to be associated with lung cancer metastasis, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Until now, very limited clinical data for RASBs’ diagnostic and prognostic effects has existed...
Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays an essential role in cancer cell growth, metabolism and immunoreaction. Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative process that balances cell energy source and regulates tissue homeostasis. Targeting autophagy has gained interest with multiple preclinical and clinical trials, such as the pharm...
The gasdermin (GSDM) superfamily has been demonstrated to consist of several important molecules that modulate multifunctional signal processes, such as cell pyroptosis. In this research, the roles of the GSDM superfamily on the occurrence and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were evaluated using integrative bioinformatic analyses and in vit...
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00960.].
Background
LncRNAs have been shown to play essential roles in cancer therapeutic response. However, the detailed mechanism of lncRNAs in temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) remain to be elucidated.
Methods
To elucidate the mechanism maintaining TMZ resistance, we constructed two TMZ-resistant GBM cell lines (T98G-R/U118-R). LncRNAs...
Background:
Gliomas are the most frequently occurring malignant brain cancers. Recently, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, and 1p/19q co-deletion have been suggested to indicate a favorable prognosis in gliomas. However, the clinical prognostic value of these genetic tests...
Adenosine deaminase RNA-specific B1 (ADARB1), an adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA-editing enzyme, has been found to play an essential role in the development of cancer. However, the specific function of ADARB1 in lung cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is still not fully understood and requires further study. In our study, integrati...
Nafamostat mesylate (NM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor first placed on the market by Japan Tobacco in 1986, has been approved to treat inflammatory-related diseases, such as pancreatitis. Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the promising effects of NM in inhibiting cancer progression. Alone or in combination treatmen...
There is increasing evidence that human complement factor H‑related protein 1 (CFHR1) plays a crucial role in the development of malignant diseases. However, few studies have identified the roles of CFHR1 in the occurrence and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). In the present study, comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of data obtained from t...
Objective
Aloperine (ALO), an alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Sophora alopecuroides , has been suggested to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties and is traditionally used to treat various human diseases, including cancer. However, limited information is available about the mechanisms that determine the anti-tumor activities of A...
Purpose
To describe trends and correlation between antibacterial exposure and bacterial resistance from hospitalized patients in a hospital in southern China.
Patients and methods
This study used hospital-wide data regarding antimicrobial resistance and consumption between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. Antibacterial consumption was expres...
This article reviews the current status of the overuse of intravenous (IV) infusions in China and implications to patient safety, and analyzes factors associated with the overuse. Although many factors contribute to the overuse of IV infusions in China, we focus on the construction of an IV infusion management system and tackling cultural problems...
Objective:
To understand the development of medical social work in China, and provide reference and basis for promoting medical social work in the next stage.
Methods: A random sampling method was used to survey and analyze the data from questionnaires distributed to hospitals at or above the second level in China.
Results: Medical social work h...
Over the past decade, natural compounds have been proven to be effective against many human diseases, including cancers. Triptolide (TPL), a diterpenoid triepoxide from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has exhibited attractive cytotoxic activity on several cancer cells. An increasing number of studies have emphasized the antitumor ef...
Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (NTRK2) is a member of the tropomyosin receptor kinase family associated with the tumor development. However, the detailed function of NTRK2 in lung cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of NTRK2 on LUAD biology. Through analyzing bi...
This study categorizes the types of inappropriate intravenous prescriptions in hospitalized patients in China. Prescription data from 2016 were retrospectively analyzed based on predefined categories of inappropriateness. Of the 123,521 patients included, 89.2% received intravenous medications, contributing to 80% of the patients' hospital medicati...
Objective:
To evaluate the impact of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism with clinical data analysis in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) of infertile women in the Intravenous Infusion Safety Evaluation Center of Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
Design:
Genetic Association Study.
Setting:
Reproduct...
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a standard-of-care treatment for glioma patients; however, the clinical efficacy is limited due to therapeutic resistance. A recent study published by Ma et al. (Cancer Cell 35:504–518, 2019) reported that the phosphorylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) at tyrosine 240 (pY240-PTEN) promotes the radioresistanc...
A deficiency of complement factor H may lead to excessive consumption of C3 and an increase in C3b deposition, which are important pathological characteristics of lupus nephritis. Complement factor H-related proteins (CFHRs), comprising CFHR1 to CFHR5 (CFHR1–5), are members of the wider factor H/CFHR family. Their role in lupus nephritis remains un...
Objective:
Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that are involved in the regulation of cancer-associated pathways. However, the biological role of these deacetylases remains elusive in glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we evaluated the effects of 7 sirtuins regarding their occurrence and prognostic value for GBM.
Methods:
In this rese...
Genetic polymorphisms are related to the concentration and efficacy of oxcarbazepine (OXC). 10-Hydroxycarbazepine (MHD) is the major pharmacologically active metabolite of OXC, and it exerts an antiepileptic effect. This study aimed to explore the connection between the MHD concentration and genes such as ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1), ATP-bindin...
Zinc level in the body is finely regulated to maintain cellular function. Dysregulation of zinc metabolism may induce a variety of diseases, e.g., diabetes. Zinc participates in insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion by functioning as a “cellular second messenger” in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose homeostasis. The highest zinc concent...
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological form of lung cancer that is clinically diagnosed. The aim of this study is to explore the novel genes associated with LUAD tumorigenesis. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of the data were obtained from several publicly available databases, such as the Gene Expression Omnibus, the Human...
Natural compound licochalcone A (lico A), a main constituent of flavonoids, has been proved to induce ER stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the underlying anti-tumor mechanism of lico A remains to be clarified in detail. A recently-published report from the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology evaluated the miRNA-based mechanism for lico A...
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a conventional cancer therapeutic, to which cancer cells develop radioresistance with exposure. The residual cancer cells after radiation treatment also have increased metastatic potential. The mechanisms by which cancer cells develop radioresistance and gain metastatic potential are still unknown. In this study acute IR...
Background:
The poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib has been approved for treating prostate cancer (PCa) with BRCA mutations, and veliparib, another PARP inhibitor, is being tested in clinical trials. However, veliparib only showed a moderate anticancer effect, and combination therapy is required for PCa patients. Histone deacetyl...
Marsdenia tenacissima (MT), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has long been used for thousands of years to treat asthma, tracheitis, rheumatism, etc. An increasing number of recent studies have focused on the antitumor effects of MT. The effects of MT on cancer are the result of various activated signaling pathways and inhibiting factors and t...
Vitamin D has been suggested to harbor multiple biological activities, among them the potential of vitamin D in the protection of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has attracted special attention. Both animal studies and clinical trials have documented an inverse correlation between low vitamin D levels and DN risk, and supplementation with vitamin D or it...
Background:
Resistance to radiotherapy is one of the main obstacles to improving cancer prognosis. To effectively destroy cancer cells, novel radiation sensitizers are needed. Recently, several natural products have been shown to exhibit promising tumor-killing properties. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms of these natural com...
Background:
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common tumor originating from the kidneys. In comparison to other solid tumors, RCC is poorly sensitive to conventional therapeutic modalities. As such, metastatic RCC (mRCC) continues to be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Targeted agents have shown remarkable progress in RC...
Min Liu Xia Yu Ming Li- [...]
Wenbin Zeng
Magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) play essential roles in various physiological and pathological processes, its abnormal homeostasis in cells is related to many diseases, such as diabetes, neuromuscular disorders, hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. Investigation on the regulation of magnesium in cellular processes has attracted considerable inter...
Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the standard chemotherapy agent for glioblastoma (GBM), poses a major clinical challenge to GBM prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms of TMZ resistance can help to identify novel drug targets and more effective therapies. Recent studies suggest that bioenergetic alterations of cancer cells play important roles in...
There is increasing evidence for the contribution of synuclein alpha (SNCA) to the etiology of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, little is known about the detailed role of SNCA in human cancers, especially lung cancers. Here, we evaluated the effects of SNCA on the occurrence and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (AD...
Citations
... Various stress conditions, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, can increase the level of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to the dissociation of receptor proteins from glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and activating ERS [95]. ERS maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis via the normal folding of proteins, whereas persistent ERS promotes apoptosis by activating the expression of the downstream apoptotic factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) [96]. CHOP is an important functional protein for ERS-induced apoptosis and a molecular marker for the activation of the ERS apoptotic pathway [97]. ...
... According to the literature, there is a certain correlation between the Caprini RAM score and postoperative complications of DVT [16]. This scoring system considers multiple risk factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), surgical duration, previous DVT history, bleeding tendency, other comorbidities and activity level [17]. ...
... CXCL2, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), is a chemokine that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory-related diseases. For ferroptosis, it has been reported that CXCL2 inhibited cell growth and could improve cellular ROS and Fe2 + levels, resulting in ferroptosis cell death [64]. Recent researches discovered that upregulation of CXCL2 contributed to the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, which played a key role in the development of AKI [65]. ...
... MTHFR is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyses the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 76,77 A study showed that increasing the concentration of unmetabolised folic acid could decrease the number and cytotoxicity of NK cells. 78 In addition, the polymorphisms of MTHFR could influence the regulation of immune cells. ...
... The increased intestinal permeability in C3GnT −/− mice as compared to C3GnT +/+ mice may facilitate the passage of gut-microbe signals/metabolites to the brain, especially those derived from mucus-associated microbes which are in close proximity to the underlying mucosa. Here, we showed that the caecal content of C3GnT −/− mice exhibited altered levels of metabolites linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression such as N-acetyl-lysine derived metabolites, acetyl-carnitines, dimethylglycine and acetyl-l-tyrosine [43][44][45][46] . ...
... The previous studies reported increased tumor recurrence and impaired survival in cancer patients treated with non-standard therapy during shortages [40]. In addition, there was also a high risk of shortages of blood system drugs such as vitamin K1 and urokinase in China according to this study as well as the previous study [41]. ...
... The challenge for further experimental studies is to explore the optimal conditions for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of SB to inhibit the long-term destructive joint pathology of OA. In particular, the design of novel formulations, such as nanocarriers, to improve the low bioavailability of natural products is important to extend the results of the present study [46,47]. Second, to specify the polypharmacology-based efficacy of natural products, such as SB, it is necessary to identify the pathways through which the greatest effect may ultimately be expressed. ...
... org/ ferrdb) [25], we obtained 369 genes that induce ferroptosis, 349 genes that suppress ferroptosis, and 11 marker genes for ferroptosis, collectively known as ferroptosisrelated genes (FRG). Finally, we calculated the characteristic scores of these two significant gene sets in the TCGA cohort using the "GSVA" approach [26,27]. The flowchart of this work is shown in Fig. 1. ...
... In total, this review included twelve biomarkers in twenty-eight articles: twelve articles [3,8,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] were analyzed via meta-analysis; twelve articles [5,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] were analyzed qualitatively; and four articles [1,[34][35][36] were analyzed via meta-analysis and qualitatively. Table S1 describes the characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis, and Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the meta-analysis results. ...
... In this case, the RAAS system will also be affected; therefore, it will give rise to major physiological disorders, such as hemostatic, in the nervous system. The COVID-19 virus will then be bound by ACE2 spread receptors throughout the organs; therefore, it can support additional organ failure, which causes COVID-19 patients to have worse conditions that trigger death (Baskoro, 2023;Peng et al., 2021). ...