Zhao Wang's research while affiliated with China Agricultural University and other places

... It is the world's most exported and cultivated crop, with 216 million hectares grown, an average yield of 3.5 tons' ha -1 and a total global output of 765 million tons. In China, wheat is the second most important staple grain; its aggregate consumption was 96.4 million tons in 2019 [4,5]. The most critical restraints to producing high wheat yields are weed infestation and inappropriate use of seed rates in industrialized and developing countries. ...

... Wang Z. et al. [9] reported that the use of UAVs for the purpose of pesticide application can result in droplet drift at a certain altitude, which may cause harm to non-target organisms. One way to reduce drift is by increasing droplet size. ...

... The upper spray liquid effect of the knapsack electric sprayer was significantly lower than that of the plant protection drone. This is due to the lack of droplet-assisted diffusion device in the knapsack electric sprayer, and it takes some time for the liquid to reach the surface of the crop leaves from the nozzle, resulting in part of the liquid evaporating and drifting away, and reducing the surface coverage of the leaves (Hussain et al., 2022a;Hussain et al., 2022b). At the same time, the spraying height of the knapsack electric sprayer in the actual application process depends on the operator, and the deposition effect is also closely related to the operator's spraying method. ...

... The synthetic routes of target compounds y1-y20, y12a-y12k were outlined in Scheme 1. Briefly, the synthetic process of the title compounds consists of the amide condensation reaction and the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction [34][35][36]. Initially, the carboxyl of the substituted carboxylic acid (compounds 1/7/8) was transformed into acid chloride (intermediates 2/9/10), which was conducive for the amide condensation reaction. ...

... The resemblance between the non-essential element Cd and the necessary nutrient Zn increased the zinc relevance in the soil-plant relationship (Rizwan et al., 2019a). Due to the incompatible actions of these metals on each other, a sufficient amount of Zn in the soil may interact with Cd and limit plant buildup (Huang et al., 2019;Hussain et al., 2022b;Hussain et al., 2022c). The photosynthetic machinery is regarded as the chief indicator of heavy metal-induced poisonousness in plants (Faseela et al., 2020). ...

... This may be achievable by optimizing the efficacy of herbicides at a lower rate by including an adjuvant [31]. An adjuvant is a chemical that reduces the amount of energy and time required to absorb active substances and can reduce herbicide use by 75% without reducing yield or overall benefits for environmentally friendly weed control [5,[32][33][34]. Adjuvants entirely change the chemical composition of herbicides or even blanket the plant surface by maintaining the herbicide in contact with plant tissue, increasing herbicide absorption and binding capacity to kill the target plant while causing no damage to the genuine crop [35]. ...

... Lignin, as a kind of green, sustainable, bio-degradable, and non-toxic aromatic biomaterial, which is an aromatic natural polymer synthesized by the phenylpropanoid monomeric units (Rana et al., 2021a;Wang et al., 2019;Pang et al., 2020), is a main by-product from pulp mills and an under-utilized feedstock (Ma et al., 2020;Schutyser et al., 2018). Lignin biomass can be modified in various ways to improve its performance as surfactants, since lignin-based surfactants have received extensive attention due to its special structural properties (Bajwa et al., 2019;Faye et al., 2017;Xu et al., 2021;Yin et al., 2022). Specifically, lignin contains both hydrophilic (carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups) and lipophilic (benzene ring skeleton) groups (Khoshsima and Dehghani, 2016;Chen et al., 2020c;Xu et al., 2021), providing lignin based surfactants attractive properties in various value-added applications (Liu et al., 2017;Delgado et al., 2018;Ganie et al., 2019). ...

... In recent years, some compound derivatives synthesized by Parus et al., Sumalan et al., and Yang et al. have been considered potential plant growth regulators due to their good growth-promoting effects in the plant growth bioactivity tests [16][17][18]. In agricultural production, it is necessary to find environmentally benign and inexpensive plant growth regulators. ...

... LNPs were successfully tested as carriers and for the eventual controlled release of fungicides and plant growth regulators [81,82]. Others additionally took advantage of the UV-protective properties of lignin to prepare LNPs containing the photosensitive abscisic acid for its controlled release for plant growth stimulation [83]. The literature reports regarding the encapsulation of EOs into LNPs, however, are rather rare. ...