V Ramalakshmi's scientific contributions

... hich is called moth. Adult moths are of 30-45 mm in length, the forewings of females are of brownish/ reddish brown while light brown to dull in colour for the male moths. Males easily can be differentiated from females by having darker fore-wing margins Helicoverpa armigera moths have a pale patch near the center of this dark region of hind wings (Yadav et. al., 2021;Chen et. al., 2022). Moths under the family Noctuidae are commonly called owlet moths while the larval stages commonly known as Armyworms or Cutworms due to their gregarious nature of feeding (Armes, et. al., 1992). It was considered the largest family in Lepidoptera for a long time, but after regrouping Lymantriinae, Catocalinae and Cal ...

... The female beetles lay eggs on terrestrial plants' stems and aquatic plants' leaves. The newly hatched grubs are yellowish-white in colour and start consuming the roots of the plants causing serious damage to the plant (Dash et al., 2021). ...

... These insects, which have a small body size and rapid life cycle, can experience significant shifts in migration patterns due to temperature increases, leading to sudden outbreaks and significant economic losses in agriculture and forestry [92]. The phenomenon of global warming has led to a rise in the overwinter survival rate of pests such as the corn earworm and cotton bollworm, which in turn has expanded their geographical distribution, posing significant difficulties in terms of agricultural productivity and pest control efforts [93,94]. Furthermore, rising temperatures can result in a shorter developmental time for some insects, increasing the number of generations per growing season [ Fig. 3; 73,95,96,97]. ...

... Sebagai contoh kupu-kupu Vannessa dan kepik Lamellicorn menghangatkan tubuh sebelum terbang atau lebah madu yang menaik-turunkan suhu "koloni" mereka dengan perubahan suhu di musim dingin dan panas, sebagai bukti respon serangga yang bervariasi (Abdullah, 1961). Perubahan suhu yang ekstrim bahkan mampu menyebabkan kematian serangga, karena ketidakmampuan beradaptasi, selain itu ledakan hama (outbreak) yang diindikasikan dengan ledakan populasi dan migrasi serta terjadi distribusi hama yang tidak teratur dikarenakan adanya siklus hidup baru serangga hama yang terbentuk (Dash, 2020) Eksistensi serangga secara alami di ekosistem alam ini sangat besar peranannya. Serangga menjadi bagian dasar dalam piramida makanan. ...

... The efficacy of Emamectin benzoate 5%SG in first and second spray are 11.83% and 11.85% respectively. These results are similar to the findings of Bangar et al. [16] and Dash et al. [17]. Fipronil 5SC was found to be next effective treatment and the values obtained in the first and second spary are 12.96% and 12.91% respectively. ...

... Such genes are available in plants and animals. After isolation, these genes are incorporated in to a crop genetic background such that the transferred genes express themselves constitutively to produce several proteins with toxic properties [27]. ...