Umberto Olcese's research while affiliated with University of Amsterdam and other places
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Publications (58)
Uncertainty is omnipresent. While humans and other animals take uncertainty into account during decision making, it remains unclear how it is represented in cortex. To investigate the effect of stimulus reliability on uncertainty representation in cortical neurons, we analyzed single unit activity data recorded in mouse PPC, while animals performed...
The dentate gyrus subfield of the hippocampus is thought to be critically involved in the disambiguation of similar episodic experiences and places in a context-dependent manner. However, most empirical evidence has come from lesion and gene knock-out studies in rodents, in which the dentate gyrus function is permanently perturbed and compensation...
Primary sensory cortices respond to crossmodal stimuli—for example, auditory responses are found in primary visual cortex (V1). However, it remains unclear whether these responses reflect sensory inputs or behavioral modulation through sound-evoked body movement. We address this controversy by showing that sound-evoked activity in V1 of awake mice...
We are pleased to announce that the presentations and posters of the Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2023) have become available. Discover the detailed program on the official website
https://cns2023.sched.com ...
Join us at Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting.
See also https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10827-024-008...
The definition of the visual cortex is primarily based on the evidence that lesions of this area impair visual perception. However, this does not exclude that the visual cortex may process more information than of retinal origin alone, or that other brain structures contribute to vision. Indeed, research across the past decades has shown that non-v...
Conscious reportability of visual input is associated with a bimodal neural response in primary visual cortex (V1): an early-latency response coupled to stimulus features and a late-latency response coupled to stimulus report or detection. This late wave of activity, central to major theories of consciousness, is thought to be driven by prefrontal...
Throughout the last decades, understanding the neural mechanisms of sensory processing has been a key objective for neuroscientists. Many studies focused on uncovering the microcircuit-level architecture of somatosensation using the rodent whisker system as a model. Although these studies have significantly advanced our understanding of tactile pro...
Primary sensory cortices respond to crossmodal stimuli, for example auditory responses are found in primary visual cortex (V1). However, it remains unclear whether these responses reflect sensory inputs or behavioural modulation through sound-evoked body movement. We address this controversy by showing that sound-evoked activity in V1 of awake mice...
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays a key role in integrating sensory inputs from different modalities to support adaptive behavior. Neuronal activity in PPC reflects perceptual decision making across behavioral tasks, but the mechanistic involvement of PPC is unclear. In an audiovisual change detection task, we tested the hypothesis that PPC...
Primary sensory areas constitute crucial nodes during perceptual decision making. However, it remains unclear to what extent they mainly constitute a feedforward processing step, or rather are continuously involved in a recurrent network together with higher-order areas. We found that the temporal window in which primary visual cortex is required f...
Purpose
A large portion of the adult population is thought to suffer from obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), a sleep-related breathing disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality. International guidelines include the polysomnography and the cardiorespiratory monitoring (CRM) as diagnostic tools for OSAS, but they are unfit for...
Over the past few years, the various areas that surround the primary visual cortex (V1) in the mouse have been associated with many functions, ranging from higher order visual processing to decision-making. Recently, some studies have shown that higher order visual areas influence the activity of the primary visual cortex, refining its processing c...
Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.
The transformation of sensory inputs into behavioral outputs is characterized by an interplay between feedforward and feedback operations in cortical hierarchies. Even in simple sensorimotor transformations, recurrent processing is often expressed in primary cortices in a late phase of the cortical response to sensory stimuli. This late phase is en...
Consumer "Smartbands" can collect physiological parameters, such as heart rate (HR), continuously across the sleep-wake cycle. Nevertheless, the quality of HR data detected by such devices and their place in the research and clinical field is debatable, as they are rarely rigorously validated. The objective of the present study was to investigate t...
Over the past few years, the various areas that surround the primary visual cortex in the mouse have been associated with many functions, ranging from higher-order visual processing to decision making. Recently, some studies have shown that higher-order visual areas influence the activity of the primary visual cortex, refining its processing capabi...
Top-down, feedback projections account for a large portion of all connections between neurons in the thalamocortical system, yet their precise role remains the subject of much discussion. A large number of studies has focused on investigating how sensory information is transformed across hierarchically-distributed processing stages in a feedforward...
Our perceptual systems continuously process sensory inputs from different modalities and organize these streams of information such that our subjective representation of the outside world is a unified experience. By doing so, they also enable further cognitive processing and behavioral action. While cortical multisensory processing has been extensi...
Neuronal activity is markedly different across brain states: it varies from desynchronized activity during wakefulness to the synchronous alternation between active and silent states characteristic of deep sleep. Surprisingly, limited attention has been paid to investigating how brain states affect sensory processing. While it was long assumed that...
The scientific study of the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has long relied on comparing conditions in which consciousness is normally present with others in which it is impaired. Brain lesions offer a unique opportunity to understand which anatomical networks are needed to sustain consciousness, but provide limited insights on the pattern...
Compared to wakefulness, neuronal activity during non-REM sleep is characterized by a decreased ability to integrate information, but also by the re-emergence of task-related information patterns. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these seemingly opposing phenomena, we measured directed information flow by computing transfer entropy between...
Compared to wakefulness, neuronal activity during non-REM sleep is characterized by a decreased ability to integrate information, but also by the re-emergence of task-related information patterns. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these seemingly opposing phenomena, we measured directed information flow by computing transfer entropy between...
How consciousness (experience) arises from and relates to material brain processes (the “mind-body problem”) has been pondered by thinkers for centuries, and is regarded as among the deepest unsolved problems in science, with wide-ranging theoretical, clinical, and ethical implications. Until the last few decades, this was largely seen as a philoso...
Sensory information about the world is translated into rate codes, such that modulations in mean spiking activity of neurons relate to differences in stimulus features. More recently, it has been proposed that also temporal properties of activity, such as assembly formation and sequential population activation, are important for understanding the r...
Unlabelled:
Behavioral states are commonly considered global phenomena with homogeneous neural determinants. However, recent studies indicate that behavioral states modulate spiking activity with neuron-level specificity as a function of brain area, neuronal subtype, and preceding history. Although functional connectivity also strongly depends on...
The slow cortical oscillation is the major brain rhythm occurring during sleep, and has been the object of thorough investigation for over thirty years. Despite all these efforts, the function and the neuronal mechanisms behind slow cortical rhythms remain only partially understood. In this review we will provide an overview of the techniques avail...
Te advanced life support (ALS) provider course is the gold standard for teaching and assessing competence in advanced resuscitation. Outcomes over a 5-year period of European Resuscitation (ERC)/IRC ALS provider courses in Italy were investigated, and the factors associated with course success are described.
In 2008, the Italian Resuscitation Counc...
Introduction and aims: the gold standard for sleep staging is the in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG), followed by manual scoring. A wide range of limitations of this approach has been reported, ranging from high costs to low compliance. The market of the so-called "quantified self" lists an increasing number of tracking devices, which also offer t...
Postsynaptic long-term potentiation of inhibition (iLTP) can rely on increased GABAA receptors (GABAARs) at synapses by promoted exocytosis. However, the molecular mechanisms that enhance the clustering of postsynaptic GABAARs during iLTP remain obscure. Here we demonstrate that during chemically induced iLTP (chem-iLTP), GABAARs are immobilized an...
Binocularity is a key property of primary visual cortex (V1) neurons that is widely used to study synaptic integration in the brain and plastic mechanisms following an altered visual experience. However, it is not clear how the inputs from the two eyes converge onto binocular neurons, and how their interaction is modified by an unbalanced visual dr...
Recently, the cortical source of blink-related delta oscillations (delta BROs) in resting healthy subjects has been localized in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu), one of the main core-hubs of the default-mode network. This has been interpreted as the electrophysiological signature of the automatic monitoring of the surrounding env...
Monocular deprivation (MD) during development leads to a dramatic loss of responsiveness through the deprived eye in primary visual cortical neurons, and to degraded spatial vision (amblyopia) in all species tested so far, including rodents. Such loss of responsiveness is accompanied since the beginning by a decreased excitatory drive from the thal...
Recently, blink-related delta oscillations (delta BROs) have been observed in healthy subjects during spontaneous blinking at rest. Delta BROs have been linked with continuous gathering of information from the surrounding environment, which is classically attributed to the precuneus. Furthermore, fMRI studies have shown that precuneal activity is r...
Multisensory integration (MI) is crucial for sensory processing, but it is unclear how MI is organized in cortical microcircuits. Whole-cell recordings in a mouse visuotactile area located between primary visual and somatosensory cortices revealed that spike responses were less bimodal than synaptic responses but displayed larger multisensory enhan...
Prolonged wakefulness or a lack of sleep lead to cognitive deficits, but little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms. We recently found that sleep deprivation affects spontaneous neuronal activity in the neocortex of sleeping and awake rats. While it is well known that synaptic responses are modulated by ongoing cortical activity, it r...
In this work we investigate the possibilities offered by a minimal framework of artificial spiking neurons to be deployed in silico. Here we introduce a hierarchical network architecture of spiking neurons which learns to recognize moving objects in a visual environment and determine the correct motor output for each object. These tasks are learned...
Multimodal objects and events activate many sensory cortical areas simultaneously. This is possibly reflected in reciprocal modulations of neuronal activity, even at the level of primary cortical areas. However, the synaptic character of these interareal interactions, and their impact on synaptic and behavioral sensory responses are unclear. Here,...
Cortical activity during sleep and waking is traditionally investigated with electroencephalography (EEG). The most distinctive feature of neocortical activity during sleep is the occurrence of EEG slow waves, arising from quasi-synchronous periods of activity and silence among cortical neurons. The EEG slow waves are regulated homeostatically: the...
In an awake state, neurons in the cerebral cortex fire irregularly and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings display low-amplitude, high-frequency fluctuations. During sleep, neurons oscillate between 'on' periods, when they fire as in an awake brain, and 'off' periods, when they stop firing altogether and the EEG displays high-amplitude slow waves...
Recent evidence indicates that net synaptic strength in cortical and other networks increases during wakefulness and returns to a baseline level during sleep. These homeostatic changes in synaptic strength are accompanied by corresponding changes in sleep slow wave activity (SWA) and in neuronal firing rates and synchrony. Other evidence indicates...
Sleep is homeostatically regulated in all animal species that have been carefully studied so far. The best characterized marker of sleep homeostasis is slow wave activity (SWA), the EEG power between 0.5 and 4 Hz during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. SWA reflects the accumulation of sleep pressure as a function of duration and/or intensity of...
Sleep slow oscillation (SSO) is a common EEG pattern of spontaneous activity during nonrapid eye movement sleep. A new method for detecting SSOs is presented and compared to previous canonical methods. The main result of this research is that for the first time an extensive SSO analysis is applied to clinical EEG montages, based on low-density EEG...
The need to sleep grows with the duration of wakefulness and dissipates with time spent asleep, a process called sleep homeostasis. What are the consequences of staying awake on brain cells, and why is sleep needed? Surprisingly, we do not know whether the firing of cortical neurons is affected by how long an animal has been awake or asleep. Here,...
Several studies have shown that the optic flow serves as a tool for navigation for animals. Flying insects use it to follow paths and avoid obstacles, while in primates it represents an additional input that can improve navigational performance. A neuroinspired architecture for optic flow calculation and decision making, based on the cortical organ...
The development of a robotic platform for cognitive studies on human navigation based on optical flow is presented in this paper. The platform can interact with both a virtual and a real environment, by calculating the optical flow and detecting targets and obstacles. This information is employed by humans to navigate in the environment, although t...
Citations
... Indeed, a major part of the recurrent wave of visual cortical responses to perceived stimuli can be explained as motor-related activity (e.g. [90][91][92] ). This configuration for 'superinference' is not found in other brain structures capable of generating predictions (e.g. ...
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... While physiological experiments can verify the process of vision generation, fully describing color vision perception remains challenging due to the complexity of neural mechanisms. A deeper understanding of this system requires not only meticulous experimental tools but also interdisciplinary research methods to reveal the basic principles of color perception (Pennartz et al., 2023). ...
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... The present study complements current research efforts aimed at disentangling the multiple sources through which sound modulates visual processes. 8,29,48 Distinct pathways are likely to mediate the biphasic effects of sound on V1 ...
... The data used in this study was collected to investigate the causal involvement of PPC in performing an audio-visual change detection task. For complete experimental details we refer to Oude Lohuis et al. (2022). All code used is openly accessible 1 . ...
... We balanced the behavioral performances in these tasks (~75% correct) via the adjustment of stimulus intensity to make the task difficulties similar. However, the effects of silencing cortex can also depend on factors that we did not probe, such as the time course of an area's task involvement (Oude Lohuis et al., 2022). To more precisely dissect the effects of perturbations on different cognitive processes in rule-dependent sensory detection, more complex behavioral tasks and richer behavioral measurements are needed in the future. ...
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... The rodent visual cortex is commonly subdivided into the primary visual cortex (V1) and a set of secondary visual areas generally referred to as higher order visual areas [16][17][18]. These areas, similarly to V1, are retinotopically organized [19,20] and play a significant role in processing visual information [21][22][23]. However, they have also long been shown to process other sensory modalities [24][25][26][27][28] and be involved in, for example, short-term memory, evidence accumulation and decision making [29][30][31][32][33]. ...
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... This also enables identification and potential treatment of OSA. Validation studies of wrist-worn CSTs against the gold standard are limited [19]- [21], despite promising results using clinical 2 data from related modalities, e.g. electro cardiogram (ECG) [22], [23]. ...
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... Animal research models (i.e., laboratory animals) are crucial for advancing scientific knowledge across many fields (e.g., Kiros et al., 2012;Roelfsema & Treue, 2014;Bale et al., 2019;Meyerholz, Beck & Singh, 2020;Homberg et al., 2021;Azkona & Sanchez-Pernaute, 2022). Good animal welfare is not only important for the health and well-being of these animals but also to the quality and validity of the research in which they are involved (Poole, 2007;Jennings & Prescott, 2009). ...
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... Physiological data were acquired using the Fitbit Charge 5 wearable, which was selected due to its acceptability, unobtrusiveness, long battery life (Polhemus et al., 2020), water resistance, capacity for EDA measurement, and adequate measurement properties (e.g., Benedetti et al., 2021;de Zambotti et al., 2018;Fuller et al., 2020;Haghayegh et al., 2019;Irwin & Gary, 2022). ...
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... First, we computed the power in the 500-5000 Hz range to localize layer 5 with the highest MUA spiking power 76 . Second, we showed contrast-reversing checkerboards before each recording session and computed the current source density profile to estimate layer 4 with the earliest current sink, as previously described 77 . Lastly, this was aligned with the depth registered when the silicon probes were lowered from the dura. ...
