March 2024
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6 Reads
Lupus
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March 2024
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6 Reads
Lupus
June 2023
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10 Reads
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2 Citations
Background In addition to regulating the antiviral response, increased expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in resident renal cells plays a role in developing some forms of glomerulonephritis. TLR3 activation leads to type I interferon (IFN) production, which induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the role of ISG20 expression in resident renal cells remains unclear. Methods Cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) were treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R848, and CpG (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists, respectively). The mRNA levels of ISG20, CX3CL1/fractalkine, and CXCL10/IP-10 were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. ISG20 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. RNA interference was used to knockdown IFN-β and ISG20 expression. CX3CL1 protein levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We performed immunofluorescence to examine endothelial ISG20 expression in biopsy specimens from patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Results In GECs, the expression of ISG20 mRNA and protein was increased by polyIC, not by LPS, R848, or CpG treatment. Moreover, ISG20 knockdown prevented poly IC-induced CX3CL1 expression but had no effect on CXCL10 expression. Intense endothelial ISG20 immunoreactivity was observed in biopsy specimens obtained from patients with proliferative LN. Conclusion In GECs, ISG20 was regulated via TLR3 but not via TLR4, TLR7, or TLR9 signaling. Moreover, ISG20 was involved in regulating CX3CL1 production. In addition to regulating antiviral innate immunity, ISG20 may act as a mediator of CX3CL1 production, thereby inducing glomerular inflammation, particularly in patients with LN.
October 2022
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6 Reads
Pediatrics International
September 2022
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5 Reads
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1 Citation
Pediatrics International
June 2022
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7 Reads
Background: Besides regulating the antiviral response, increased expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in resident renal cells plays a role in the development of some forms of glomerulonephritis. TLR3 activation leads to the production of type I interferon (IFN), which subsequently induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). We previously reported that in glomerular resident cells, ISG20 expression is regulated via TLR3/ IFN-β signaling, however, its detailed implications remain undetermined. Methods: Cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) were treated with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly-IC), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R848, and CpG (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists). ISG20, CX3CL1/fractalkine and CXCL10/IP-10 mRNA levels were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). ISG20 protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. RNA interference (siRNA) was used to knockdown IFN-β and ISG20. CX3CL1 protein levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In GECs, the expression of ISG20 mRNA and protein was increased by poly-IC but not by LPS, R848, or CpG treatment. siRNA-mediated knockdown of IFN-β inhibited the poly-IC-induced ISG20 expression. Moreover, ISG20 knockdown prevented the poly-IC-induced expression of CX3CL1, a representative chemokine that acts as a strong macrophage chemoattractant, whereas it had no effect on CXCL10 expression. Conclusion: In GECs, ISG20 is regulated via TLR3 but not via TLR4, TLR7, or TLR9 signaling, and ISG20 is involved in regulating CX3CL1 production. Besides regulating antiviral innate immunity, ISG20 may act as a mediator of CX3CL1 production, thereby inducing glomerular inflammation. Thus, modulating ISG20 expression might be a possible therapeutic strategy for glomerulonephritis.
June 2022
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1 Read
Background: Besides regulating antiviral response, increased expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in resident renal cells plays a role in the development of some forms of glomerulonephritis. TLR3 activation leads to the production of type I interferon (IFN), which subsequently induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). We previously reported that in glomerular resident cells, ISG20 expression is regulated via the TLR3/ IFN-β signaling, however, its detailed implications remain undetermined. Methods: Cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) were treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R848, and CpG (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists). ISG20, CX3CL1/fractalkine and CXCL10/IP-10 mRNA levels were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). ISG20 protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. RNA interference (siRNA) was used to knockdown IFN-β and ISG20. CX3CL1 protein levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In GECs, the expression of ISG20 mRNA and protein was increased by poly IC but not by LPS, R848, or CpG treatment. siRNA-mediated knockdown of IFN-β inhibited the poly IC-induced ISG20 expression. Moreover, ISG20 knockdown prevented the poly IC-induced expression of CX3CL1, a representative chemokine that acts as a strong macrophage chemoattractant, whereas it had no effect on CXCL10 expression. Conclusion: In GECs, ISG20 is regulated via TLR3 but not via TLR4, TLR7, or TLR9 signaling, and ISG20 is involved in regulating CX3CL1 production. Besides regulating the antiviral innate immunity, ISG20 may act as a mediator of CX3CL1 production, thereby inducing glomerular inflammation. Thus, modulating ISG20 expression might be a possible therapeutic strategy for glomerulonephritis.
April 2022
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45 Reads
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12 Citations
Background Sustained type I interferon (IFN) activation via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 7 and 9 signaling has been reported to play a pivotal role in the development of lupus nephritis (LN). Although type I IFN activation has been shown to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression in systemic lupus erythematosus, the implication of ISGs expression in intrinsic glomerular cells remains largely unknown. Methods We treated cultured human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), R848, and CpG (TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists, respectively) and analyzed the expression of DExD/H-Box Helicase 60 (DDX60), a representative ISG, using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Additionally, RNA interference against IFN-β or DDX60 was performed. Furthermore, cleavage of caspase 9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), markers of cells undergoing apoptosis, was examined using western blotting. We conducted an immunofluorescence study to examine endothelial DDX60 expression in biopsy specimens from patients with LN. Results We observed that endothelial expression of DDX60 was induced by poly IC but not by R848 or CpG, and RNA interference against IFN-β inhibited poly IC-induced DDX60 expression. DDX60 knockdown induced cleavage of caspase 9 and PARP. Intense endothelial DDX60 expression was observed in biopsy specimens from patients with diffuse proliferative LN. Conclusion Glomerular endothelial DDX60 expression may prevent apoptosis, which is involved in the pathogenesis of LN. Modulating the upregulation of the regional innate immune system via TLR3 signaling may be a promising treatment target for LN.
February 2022
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36 Reads
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3 Citations
Clinical Nephrology
February 2022
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11 Reads
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3 Citations
Modern Rheumatology Case Reports
Aseptic meningitis sometimes occurs as consequence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), even in pediatric-onset cases. However, little information is available regarding the pathological role of CSF anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies in the CNS involvement in patients with primary SS. We experienced an 18-year-old adolescent female with a 7-year history of suspicious of subclinical SS who subsequently developed aseptic meningitis as initial presentation of probable SS. Her CSF exhibited marked elevation of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies. When compared to her CSF IgG/serum IgG ratio (0.0058), her CSF/serum ratios of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibody titers were higher (0.448 and 0.068, respectively; these were 77.5 and 11.7 times higher than that of IgG, respectively), suggesting that regional production of these antibodies was attributable, at least partly, to the development of meningitis. After the initiation of prednisolone treatment, her clinical manifestations promptly subsided. Since the clinical and pathological roles of the Ro/SSA antibody system in several autoimmune conditions have been postulated, our clinical observation may add novel insight to this theory.
December 2021
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7 Reads
Pediatrics International
Background Dysregulation of the coagulation fibrinolysis system in resident glomerular cells is associated with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). However, the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in resident glomerular cells remains undetermined. Methods we examined the expression of PAI-1 and tPA mRNA in cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) treated with serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we determined the relationship between PAI-1/tPA mRNA expression and several clinical/laboratory parameters. Serum from 16 patients (9 patients with new-onset SLE and 7 patients with stable SLE) was used in the study. Results PAI-1 and tPA mRNA expression was significantly higher in GECs treated with serum of patients with new-onset SLE than other groups. In addition, PAI-1 and tPA mRNA levels were significantly correlated in GECs treated with serum from patients with SLE. Interestingly, both PAI-1 and tPA mRNA level in GECs were inversely correlated with serum C4 level and positively correlated with SLE disease activity. Conclusions These results suggest that serum from patients with SLE may activate the fibrinolysis system in glomerulus, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of LN.
... Only the involvement of TLR3 in GECs has been reported. A number of publications originating from the same group using cultured human cells showed that the in vitro activation of TLR3 elicits the expression of IFN-I, RLRs, chemokines, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a negative regulator of fibrinolysis [111][112][113][114][115][116]. Taken together, this body of work suggests that the activation of TLR3 in GECs may contribute to inflammatory and fibrotic responses, events that could also be a result of a secondary response to the IFN-I pathway signaling. ...
June 2023
... In addition, it can cause external genitalia, Wilms tumor, and gonadoblastoma, Denis-drash syndrome (DDS), and frasier syndrome (FS) [5][6][7]. FS, a rare disorder caused by variants of the donor splice site located in intron 9 of WT1, is characterized by kidney diseases such as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), external genitalia, and gonadoblastoma [8,9]. One of the alternative splicing patterns of WT1 is the presence or absence of three amino acids between zinc finger 3 and zinc finger 4 (+ KTS or − KTS) governed by a 5' splice junction [10]. ...
September 2022
Pediatrics International
... There is little direct evidence of what effect IFN-I has on glomerular endothelial cells. A series of publications from Hiroshi Tanaka's group using cultured human GECs identified a set of ISGs with the potential to be used as biomarkers for LN [111,141,142]. Instead, we might draw on work accomplished using other types of endothelial cells to extrapolate IFN-I signaling effects on GECs. ...
April 2022
... A combination of terms "lupus nephritis", "abatacept", "systemic lupus erythematosus", "refractory lupus nephritis" and "case report" was employed. We found one related case report of a patient with drug-intolerant LN and underlying monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome who presented complete response after treatment with ABT [6]. We also found a retrospective analysis of 11 patients with refractory SLE, one of them with LN, who showed complete response with ABT [7]. ...
February 2022
Clinical Nephrology
... The pathological mechanism involved in the central nervous system in primary SS remains unclear, and some concerns need to be addressed. Kurotaki et al. 6 identified a high anti-Ro/SS-A antibody level in an aseptic meningitis patient with primary SS, suggesting that the local production of anti-Ro/SS-A antibody is related to the onset of meningitis. Furthermore, Akiyama et al. 7 reported a primary SS patient with aseptic meningitis as an initial manifestation. ...
February 2022
Modern Rheumatology Case Reports
... The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was used to assess the sensitivity indices between inflammaging and MS. As a result, the 35 sensitive triples (by calculating the absolute difference frequency) were shown in Table 3 (Sarasin-Filipowicz Chen and D'Mello, 2010;Bergbold and Lemberg, 2013;Liu et al., 2013;Malhotra et al., 2013;Wan, 2014;Charbit et al., 2015;Fusco et al., 2015;Arentsen et al., 2017;Maridas et al., 2017;Mathur et al., 2017;Xiao et al., 2019;Immler et al., 2020;Sato et al., 2020;Tong et al., 2020;Buhelt et al., 2021;Correale, 2021;Fadul et al., 2021;Ma et al., 2021;Peng et al., 2021;Bogacka et al., 2022;Franceschi et al., 2022;Hjaeresen et al., 2022;Khurana and Goswami, 2022;Liu S. et al., 2022;Schebb et al., 2022;Watanabe et al., 2022;Saeidi et al., 2023). For example, the sensitive triple with maximum difference was "TMPRSS13-USP18-DCHS2" (the absolute difference value was 0.270469). ...
November 2021
The Journal of Membrane Biology
... Experiments using cultured human podocytes confirm that these cells highly express TLR3 and, upon its activation, were shown to induce the expression of IFNβ, several chemokines (IL-6, MCP-1, CCL5), the costimulatory molecule CD80, and APOL1, but not IFNα [97][98][99]. TLR7 agonists have been widely used to generate mouse models of lupus, which display varying degrees of podocyte injury; however, podocyte damage can be traced to the action of other cell types, including those that belong to the immune system [100,101]. A more direct involvement of TLR8 in podocyte damage has been seen in mice models of lupus and in rodents that have undergone unilateral ureteral obstruction. ...
April 2021
Kidney and Blood Pressure Research
... 31 Accumulating evidence has revealed that CQ can suppress TLR3 expression. 32,33 What's more, one of the potential antiinflammatory mechanisms of CQ is to weaken the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasomes. 34 Also, the latest research has shown that CQ suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and abates renal fibrosis in mice with hyperuricemic nephropathy. ...
January 2021
... Moreover, P. gingivalis LPS can permeate neural cells and thus could potentially initiate signaling cascades that could exacerbate disease status or lead to AD progression from mild cognitive impairment [85]. LPS is also able to stimulate brain endothelial cells to release proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CCL2 [86]. Evidence from animal models further supports the role of LPS in memory and learning impairment, as LPS was able to induce Aβ pathology and neuroinflammatory responses [87]. ...
February 2021
Gerodontology
... The ISG56/IFIT1 protein is an important protein in antiviral innate immune response because it prevents the spread of viral infection by inhibiting translation and replication [8]. In a previous study using human mesangial cells [9] and glomerular endothelial cells [10], ISG56 was induced by TLR3 signaling and is related to C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) expression. Tubular epithelial cells transport water and solutes during urine production. ...
December 2020
Kidney and Blood Pressure Research