Tomas Hudlicky's research while affiliated with Brock University and other places

Publications (480)

Article
Full-text available
During the search for a general, efficient route toward the synthesis of C-1 analogues of narciclasine, natural narciclasine was protected and converted to its C-1 enol derivative using a novel semi-synthetic route. Attempted conversion of this material to its triflate in order to conduct cross-coupling at C-1 resulted in a triflate at C-6 that was...
Article
Full-text available
A 15-step chemoenzymatic total synthesis of C-1 methoxycarbonyl narciclasine (10) was accomplished. The synthesis began with the toluene dioxygenase-mediated dihydroxylation of ortho-dibromobenzene to provide the corresponding cis-dihydrodiol (12) as a single enantiomer. Further key steps included a nitroso Diels–Alder reaction and an intramolecula...
Chapter
The chemoenzymatic dihydroxylation of arenes by microbial organisms represents a unique reaction found in nature. The reaction is highly stereo-, regio-, and enantioselective and yields versatile metabolites that have been exploited in the synthesis of countless natural products and useful homochiral building blocks. This chapter provides a brief h...
Article
A chemoenzymatic convergent synthesis of 10-benzyloxy narciclasine from bromobenzene was accomplished in 16 steps. The key transformations included toluene dioxygenase-mediated hydroxylation, nitroso Diels-Alder reaction and intramolecular Heck cyclization. The unnatural derivative of narciclasine was subjected to biological evaluation and its acti...
Article
Pleiogenone A was identified in 2015 from organic extracts of the bark of Pleiogynium timoriense and shown to exhibit sub-micromolar antiproliferative activity against the A2780 ovarian tumor cell line. A central structural feature of pleiogenone A is a hydroxylated cyclohexenone. As a potential electrophilic site this group may represent the pharm...
Article
We report the 7-step total synthesis of methyl-1,5,8-trimethoxy-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate and 5-step synthesis of its C-3 derivatives. Sonogashira coupling of 2-halobenzaldehydes with terminal acetylenes was employed to access 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes, which underwent a Pd-catalyzed annulation to afford the corresponding isochromene-containing pro...
Chapter
This chapter provides a short overview of the history of morphine since it's isolation by Sertürner in 1805. The biosynthesis of the title alkaloid as well as all total and formal syntheses of morphine and codeine published after 1996 are discussed in detail. The last section of this chapter provides a detailed overview of medicinally relevant deri...
Article
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An improvement in the stereoselective total synthesis of unnatural (+)‐oxycodone from phenethyl acetate is described. The total step count was reduced by conducting some chemical transformations in “one‐pot” and a change in the sequence of chemical operations was implemented, in comparison with the previously published first‐generation synthesis. T...
Article
cis-Diene diol obtained from the microbial oxidation of bromobenzene was used as a substrate for the chemoenzymatic acetylation and epoxidation with lipases. The model studies showed that the regiochemistry of the acetylation is solvent-dependent. The chemoenzymatic epoxidation followed the expected regiochemistry when compared to the chemical epox...
Article
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A concise and efficient synthetic route to the core of calyciphylline A‐type alkaloids is described. The aza‐[5,6,6] tricyclic framework (shown in blue) of the Daphniphyllum subclass of these alkaloids was constructed featuring [1,3]‐Ichikawa transposition and intramolecular Heck cyclization protocols. image John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Article
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We report a study on the relationship between the polarization of C≡C bond in a series of 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and the regioselectivity of their Pd‐catalyzed annulation reactions. The electrophilic and nucleophilic character of the triple bond carbon atoms was examined using ¹³C and HMBC NMR experiments. The direction of polarization is determine...
Article
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The total synthesis of (+)-10-keto-oxycodone was attained from phenethyl acetate in a stereoselective manner. Absolute stereochemistry was established via enzymatic dihydroxylation of phenethyl acetate with the recombinant strain JM109 (pDTG601A) that furnished the corresponding cis-cyclohexadienediol whose configuration corresponds to the absolute...
Article
Full-text available
This review provides a comprehensive coverage of the history, biology and chemistry of tetrodotoxin (TTX). It traces the origin of this remarkable molecule all the way back to the ancient Chinese medicine records. The discovery of biological activity, isolation, and a brief overview of structure elucidation are summarized. Next, the biology of TTX...
Article
Four distinct approaches to ent-oxycodone were designed and accomplished. All rely on the same starting material, the diene diol derived from phenethyl acetate by the whole-cell fermentation with E.coli JM109(pDTG601A), a strain that over-expresses toluene dioxygenase. The key step in the first-generation approach involved the construction of the C...
Article
This review provides a comprehensive coverage of the history, biology and chemistry of tetrodotoxin (TTX). It traces the history of this remarkable molecule all the way back to the ancient Chinese medicine records. The discovery of biological activity, isolation, and a brief overview of structure elucidation are summarized. Next the biology of TTX...
Article
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This article provides a survey of four "unconventional" methods employed in the synthesis of natural products in the Hudlicky group. The utility of flash vacuum pyrolysis is highlighted by examples of many natural products attained via vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene rearrangement and its heterocyclic variants. Preparative organic electrochemistry w...
Article
Full-text available
The stereoselective total synthesis of unnatural (+)-oxy­codone from phenethyl acetate is described. Absolute stereochemistry was established via microbial dihydroxylation of phenethyl acetate with the recombinant strain JM109 (pDTG601A) to the corresponding cis-cyclohexadienediol­ whose configuration provides for the absolute stereo­chemistry of t...
Article
Full-text available
A total synthesis of the fungal‐derived natural product pestynol is reported via a convergent chemoenzymatic approach from the readily available precursors geranyl bromide, ethyl acetoacetate, trimethylsilylacetylene, and bromobenzene. Synthetic (–)‐pestynol proved to be identical in all respects to the natural material, allowing confirmation of th...
Article
Die chemoenzymatische Synthese von Tetrodotoxin, die T. Hudlicky et al. in ihrer Zuschrift (DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804602) beschreiben, beinhaltet eine regio‐ und enantioselektive Dihydroxylierung von Benzylacetat durch einen rekombinanten Organismus, E. coli JM109 (pDTG601A), der eine Toluoldioxygenase überexprimiert. Der entstehende homochirale Die...
Article
A chemoenzymatic approach to tetrodotoxin is described by T. Hudlicky and co‐workers in their Communication (DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804602). Benzyl acetate was subjected to highly regio‐ and enantioselective dihydroxylation mediated by a robust recombinant organism, E. coli JM109 (pDTG601A), that overexpresses toluene dioxygenase. The resulting homoc...
Article
An efficient protocol for the isolation of narciclasine from common Amaryllidaceae bulbs, separation from haemanthamine, and the occurrence of a trace alkaloid, 2-epi-narciclasine, are reported. Attempts to convert natural narciclasine to its C-2 epimer by Mitsunobu inversion or oxidation/reduction sequences were compromised by rearrangement and ar...
Article
Full-text available
The advanced intermediates in the syntheses of tetrodotoxin reported by Fukuyama, Alonso, and Sato were prepared. The key steps in the synthesis of the title compounds involved the toluene dioxygenase‐mediated dihydroxylation of either iodobenzene or benzyl acetate. The resulting diene diols were transformed to Fukuyama's intermediate in seven step...
Article
The base-catalyzed condensation reaction between (E)-4-phenylbut-2-enal and phenylpropargyl aldehyde recently reported in the literature to provide formylcyclobutadiene was repeated under the published conditions. The product obtained was identified as (E)-5-phenyl-2-((E)-styryl)pent-2-en-4-ynal rather than the reported 2-phenyl-3-styrylcyclobutadi...
Article
Advanced intermediates for the syntheses of tetrodotoxin reported by the groups of Fukuyama, Alonso, and Sato were prepared. Key steps include the toluene dioxygenase mediated dihydroxylation of either iodobenzene or benzyl acetate. The resulting diene diols were transformed into Fukuyama's intermediate in six steps, into Alonso's intermediate in n...
Article
Full-text available
Skeletal muscle is a major insulin-target tissue and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Impaired insulin action in muscles leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 5′ AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor, its activation increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and AMPK activators have been viewed as a tar...
Article
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Harsh adverse effects as a result of nonspecific targeting of chemotherapeutics currently pose obstacles in cancer therapy; thus, it would be invaluable to devise novel approaches to specifically target cancer cells. The natural compound pancratistatin (PST) has been shown to preferentially induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. Recent...
Article
Three model compounds required for an approach to thebaine by intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition were prepared. In the first two cases the anticipated cycloaddition products were obtained under thermal conditions. Thermolysis of the third, more advanced model compound, afforded products resulting from rearrangements and/or elimination. A study of a...
Article
A formal total synthesis of pancratistatin was accomplished by conversion of advanced intermediates, used in the synthesis of narciclasine, to pancratistatin precursors via Myers’ reductive transposition as the key strategic step. The synthesis began with the whole cell fermentation of m-dibromobenzene with JM109(pDTG601a), a recombinant strain tha...
Article
Full-text available
Enhanced mitochondrial stability and decreased dependence on oxidative phosphorylation confer an acquired resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells, but may present opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The compound pancratistatin (PST) has been shown to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, its low availability in nature has h...
Article
The hydroxylated cyclohexenone carboxylic acid moiety of xylosmin was synthesized in eight steps from benzoic acid. The key steps in the synthesis involved the enzymatic dihydroxylation of benzoic acid by the whole cell fermentation with Ralstonia eutrophus B9, and Henbest epoxidation. Early attempts led to the synthesis of a C6 epimer of the methy...
Article
This review traces the discovery of the Wittig-Still rearrangement and its applications in organic synthesis. Its relationship to Wittig rearrangements is discussed along with detailed analysis of E/Z- and diastereoselectivity. Modifications of the products arising from the Wittig-Still rearrangement are reviewed in the context of increased complex...
Article
This review traces the discovery of the Wittig-Still rearrangement and its applications in organic synthesis. Its relationship to Wittig rearrangements is discussed along with detailed analysis of E/Z- and diastereoselectivity. Modifications of the products arising from the Wittig-Still rearrangement are reviewed in the context of increased complex...
Article
A 2nd generation approach to the synthesis of hydromorphone by oxidative dearomatization/Diels-Alder cycloaddition was investigated. Detailed analysis of the stereochemical outcome of the [4+2] cycloaddition was performed first on a truncated model system as well as on the material leading to ent-hydromorphone. The stereochemical assignments were m...
Article
Compounds that increase the activity of the energy sensor AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) have the potential to regulate blood glucose levels. Although rosemary extract (RE) has been reported to activate AMPK and reduce blood glucose levels in vivo, the chemical components responsible for these effects are not known. In the present study, we measured t...
Article
A tricyclic chiral auxiliary, prepared from the enzymatically derived cis-arene dihydrodiol metabolite of toluene, was investigated as a means of asymmetric induction in several different reactions. The auxiliary was converted to an oxaziridine, and its utility in hydroxylation, providing low levels of enantiomeric excess, was compared with that of...
Article
The stereoselective total synthesis of unnatural (+)-galanthamine starting from phenethyl acetate is described. Chirality was introduced via microbial dihydroxylation of phenethyl acetate with the recombinant strain JM109 (pDTG601A) to the corresponding cis-cyclohexadienediol whose configuration provides for the absolute stereochemsitry of the ring...
Article
Thebaine was converted into its iron tricarbonyl complex, which underwent successive N- and O-demethylation with BrCN and BBr 3 , respectively. Decomplexation of the iron tricarbonyl moiety was accomplished with ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (CAN) and base-catalyzed hydrolysis furnished nororipavine. When excess CAN was used the methoxydiene unit was...
Article
Review: [recent total syntheses of the title natural products and structure—activity relationships; 187 refs.
Article
Dieser Aufsatz behandelt die Fortschritte bei der Synthese von Amaryllidaceae-Alkaloiden seit der Veröffentlichung des letzten umfassenden Übersichtsartikels im Jahr 2008. Synthesen der Hauptinhaltsstoffe – Pancratistatin, 7-Desoxypancratistatin, Narciclasin, Lycoricidin und Lycorin – sowie anderer natürlicher Inhaltsstoffe und nichtnatürlicher Der...
Article
Thebaine was converted into its iron tricarbonyl complex, which underwent successive N- and O-demethylation with BrCN and BBr3, respectively. Decomplexation of the iron tricarbonyl moiety was accomplished with ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (CAN) and base-catalyzed hydrolysis furnished nororipavine. When excess CAN was used the methoxydiene unit was c...
Article
This update covers the syntheses of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids since the publication of the last major review in 2008. A short summary of past syntheses and their step count is provided for the major constituents; pancratistatin, 7-deoxypancratistatin, narciclasine, lycoricidine, lycorine, and for other natural constituents, as well as for unnatural...
Article
The first total synthesis of a polyhydroxylated cyclohexenone isolated from Pleiogynium timorense is reported that also serves as a proof of structure and absolute configuration. Enzymatic dihydroxylation of benzoic acid provided enantiomerically pure diene diol, which was elaborated through singlet oxygen cycloaddition, endoperoxide reduction, and...
Article
This essay describes Ernest Wenkert’s contributions to the chemistry of cyclopropanes and their use in synthesis. The impact of his work on the careers of others, especially including the development of cyclopropane-based research in the Hudlicky group, is addressed, along with reflections on his mentorship. Personal recollections from some of his...
Article
Acetylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde was reinvestigated. The results in the regiochemical outcome were analyzed in detail by NMR methods and compared with previously published data.
Article
Oxymorphone was converted to its 3,14-diacetate and subjected to Fe(II)/t-BuOOH-catalyzed N-demethylation that occurred with concomitant acyl migration from the C-14 hydroxyl to the N-17 nitrogen. The resulting diacetyl compound was hydrolyzed in dilute sulfuric acid to noroxymorphone in good yield.
Article
(R)-Methylnaltrexone and naltrexone were each prepared in four steps from oripavine in practical yields. The procedure involved quaternization of oripavine with cyclopropylmethyl halides, singlet oxygen oxidation of the quaternary salts, and the reduction of endo peraoxides to 14-hydroxyketone functionalities. (R)-Methylnaltrexone was prepared from...
Article
The synthesis and olfactory properties of a series of 2-substituted and 2,3-annulated 1,4-dioxepan-6-ones is reported. By Williamson etherification with 3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)prop-1-ene (6) and subsequent Katsuki-Sharpless oxidation, 1,4-dioxepan-6-one (8a) and its 2-methyl (8b), 2-propyl (8c), 2-isobutyl (8d), 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl derivative (8e...
Article
This short review summarizes our work on the process development for the synthesis of buprenorphine, naltrexone, naloxone, and nalbuphine from naturally occurring opiates such as thebaine and oripavine. Several new methods for N-demethylation of morphinans have been developed during the pursuit of this research. The article traces the evolution of...
Article
Full-text available
Significance Bioinformatics and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-guided gene discovery combined with biochemical enzyme assays show that tabersonine 3-oxygenase (T3O) and tabersonine 3-reductase (T3R) are required to form 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine, an intermediate in the formation of anticancer drug precursor vindoline from tab...
Patent
Full-text available
The oxazolidine derived from the reaction of oxymorphone with the Burgess reagent, temporarily protected at O-3 and C-6, reacts with Grignard or other suitable metallic or organometallic reagents to directly provide, for example, A/-allyl, A/-methylcyclopropyl and /V-methylcyclobutyl derivatives that are further converted into naltrexone, naloxone,...
Article
We became interested in approaches to morphine in the early 1990s following our immersion into the new program on the enzymatic dihydroxylation of aromatics. Larry Kwart, a former classmate of one of us at Rice University, who worked with our group at Virginia Tech in the mid-1980s, introduced to us the use of blocked mutants of Pseudomonas putida...
Patent
Full-text available
The present invention provides a method for the N-demethylation and N-functionalization of an N-methylated heterocycle such as a morphine alkaloid or tropane alkaloid. The method comprises reacting the heterocycle with an functionalization agent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst in air or in the presence of an oxidant.
Article
Noroxymorphone was prepared from thebaine in seven operations. The key steps involved the successive N- and O-demethylations of an iron tricarbonyl complex of thebaine followed by the unusual ceric ammonium nitrate oxidation of the methoxydiene moiety to the corresponding enone-γ-nitrate during the decomplexation of the iron tricarbonyl functionali...
Article
The first active aza analogue of narciclasine was synthesized from a pentasubstituted derivative of nicotinic acid. The key features of the synthesis include a halogen dance of bromopyridine and an intramolecular Heck reaction with a conduramine derived chemoenzymatically from bromobenzene. 10‐Aza‐narciclasine was found to have reasonable activity...
Article
As part of our research exploring the influence of molecular variations of Calone 1951® on marine fragrance performance, we report the synthesis, crystal structures, and olfactory analysis of the first saturated benzodioxepinone analogues. By substitution of the aromatic moiety of the benzodioxepinone fragrance molecule with a saturated ring counte...
Patent
Full-text available
The present application describes processes for the synthesis of morphinane and morphinone compounds, useful as pharmaceutical agents. Also included are novel intermediates useful in the preparation of these compounds. The process comprises quaternization of oripavine to provide a mixture of the R- and S-isomeric (at the nitrogen) quaternary salts....
Article
Three different synthetic approaches to three different classes of oligomeric and polymeric inositol and inositol-like derivatives are presented: Grubbs’ cross-metathesis polymerization, Lewis-acid catalyzed epoxide opening, and head-to-tail Diels-Alder polymerization. All three approaches lead to the formation of oligomers and polymers. The oligom...
Article
A series of arene-cis-dihydrodiol carboxylates was prepared by palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of (1S, 2S-cis)-3-iodo-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol, which is obtained in high titers by enzymatic dihydroxylation of iodobenzene. Both the free diol and the corresponding acetonide were subjected to this protocol to produce various arene-cis-dihydrodiol...
Article
Full-text available
Thebaine was converted to oripavine in three steps by employing two different modes of protection of the diene moiety; as an iron tricarbonyl complex and as a Diels–Alder adduct with thioformyl cyanide. The two C‐ring‐protected thebaine derivatives were subjected to 3‐ O ‐demethylation by four different protocols, providing oripavine derivatives, w...
Article
Formal total syntheses of ent ‐codeine and other morphinans were accomplished from 1‐phenyl‐2‐acetoxyethane, which was subjected to enzymatic dihydroxylation by toluene dioxygenase overexpressed in Eschericia coli JM109 (pDTG601A). The resulting cis ‐dihydroarenediol was coupled with a phenol derived from bromoisovanillin and a subsequent Heck reac...
Article
Several unnatural derivatives of narciclasine were prepared in which the C-7 carbon was replaced with nitrogen. The 7-aza derivative and its N-oxide were prepared by the coupling of iodopicolinic acid with a conduramine unit derived chemoenzymatically from bromobenzene. Intramolecular Heck reaction was used to construct the isocarbostyryl ring syst...
Article
The fermentation of benzoic acid with R. eutrophus B9 provides the corresponding ipso-diol that serves as a convenient homochiral starting material for the synthesis of oxygenated compounds. In this paper we report the conversion of the ipso-diol to a hydroxylated pyrrolidine, which is found as a subunit in biologically active compounds. The key st...
Patent
Full-text available
The present application relates to processes for the preparation of intermediates useful in the manufacture of oseltamivir and the H3PO4 salt of oseltamivir, Tamiflu®. The application further relates to novel intermediate and compounds and oseltamivir analogs and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said analog compounds. The application furth...
Article
Eine 12-stufige chemoenzymatische Totalsynthese führt T. Hudlicky und V. Varghese in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 4444 ff. ausgehend von β-Bromethylbenzol zu ent-Hydromorphon. Schlüsselschritte sind eine enzymatische Dihydroxylierung, eine Mitsunobu-Kupplung und eine oxidative Desaromatisierung mit anschließender intramolekularer [4+2]-Cycloaddition. Nac...
Patent
The present application relates to novel C-1 substituted analogues of pancratistatin and 7-dexoypancratistatin of Formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions thereof and the use of said compounds of Formula (I) in the treatment of cancer The application also relates to processes for the preparation of said compound of Formula (I) and intermediates the...
Article
A short synthesis of ent-hydromorphone has been achieved in twelve steps from β-bromoethylbenzene. The key transformations involved the enzymatic dihydroxylation of the arene to the corresponding cis-dihydrodiol, Mitsunobu coupling with the ring?A fragment, oxidative dearomatization of the C3 phenol, and the subsequent [4+2] cycloaddition to form r...
Article
In order to investigate the relationship between the size of a substituent on the aromatic substrate and its directing effect on the dihydroxylation, a series of 2-halobenzoates was synthesized and subjected to metabolism by toluene dioxygenase in preparative-scale fermentation cultures of Escherichia coli JM109 (pDTG601A). Larger ester substituent...
Article
This chapter is a combined update of Chapters 8.1 (Hudlicky, T.; Reed, J. W. Rearrangements of Vinylcyclopropanes and Related Systems. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M., Fleming, I., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1991, Chapter 8.1; pp 899-970) and 8.2 (Piers, E. Rearrangements of Divinylcyclopropanes. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Tr...
Article
The fermentation of benzoic acid with R. eutrophus B9 provides the corresponding ipso-diol that serves as a convenient homochiral starting material for the synthesis of oxygenated compounds. In this paper we report the conversion of the ipso-diol to a hydroxylated pyrrolidine, which is found as a subunit in biologically active compounds. The key st...
Article
A comparison in separation efficiency between conventional chromatographic methods and newly devised time-pulsed methods (driven by either negative or positive pressure) is made. The methods are compared in terms of adsorbent amounts, solvent volumes, separation efficiency of a binary mixture, and the total time required for separation. It is found...
Article
During attempts to ring-open a highly hindered epoxide, traditional methods were found to be ineffective. An alternative strategy for opening epoxides was implemented that employed a potassium carboxylate in the presence of its conjugate acid in a solvent mixture containing polar and potassium-sequestering components. A systematic analysis of the c...
Article
The total synthesis of kibdelone A has been accomplished using In(III)-catalyzed arylation of a heterocyclic quinone monoketal and iodine-mediated oxidative photochemical electrocyclization for construction of the ABCD ring moiety. Enzymatic dihydroxylation of methyl 2-halobenzoate substrates was employed for synthesis of activated 2-halo-cyclohexe...
Article
The N-oxide of O-acyloxymorphone, when treated with the Burgess reagent, provides the corresponding oxazolidine in a one-pot sequence and in excellent yield. The oxazolidine derived from oxymorphone, temporarily protected at O-3 and C-6, reacts with Grignard reagents to provide directly N-allyl, N-cyclopropylmethyl, and N-cyclobutylmethyl derivativ...
Article
A series of para-substituted benzene derivatives were subjected to whole-cell fermentation with Escherichia coli JM109 (pDTG601), an organism expressing toluene dioxygenase (TDO). Several compounds proved to be excellent substrates for TDO, including 4-bromo-phenylacetylene, 4-bromobenzaldehyde, 4-bromobenzyl alcohol and 4-bromo-allylbenzene. Some...
Article
Heteroatom analogues of hydrocodone, in which the N-methyl functionality was replaced with oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide, and sulfone, were prepared by a short sequence from the ethylene glycol ketal of hydrocodone; a carbocyclic analogue of bisnorhydrocodone was also prepared. The compounds were tested for receptor binding and revealed moderate levels...
Article
The total synthesis of kibdelone A has been accomplished via In(III)-catalyzed arylation of a heterocyclic quinone monoketal and iodine-mediated oxidative photochemical electrocyclization for construction of the ABCD ring moiety. Enzymatic dihydroxylation of methyl 2-halobenzoate substrates was employed for synthesis of activated 2-halo-cyclohexene...
Article
Full-text available
Several C-1 homologues of pancratistatin and 7-deoxypancratistatin were synthesized by a phenanthrene-phenathridone oxidative recyclization strategy. The key steps involved the enzymatic dihydroxylation of bromobenzene, addition of an aryl alane to an epoxyaziridine, an intramolecular aziridine opening on silica gel in solid phase, and the above-me...
Article
N-Oxides derived from oxycodone and O-acyloxymorphone were treated with the Burgess reagent to provide the corresponding oxazolidines in excellent yields. Oxazolidines derived from O-acyloxymorphone were further hydrolyzed to noroxymorphone, whose alkylation furnished naltrexone, naloxone, and nalbuphone, which can be converted to nalbuphine, the m...
Article
Oxymorphone was converted to naltrexone in three steps by palladium-catalyzed oxidative N-demethylation and intramolecular acyl transfer from C-14 hydroxy to N-17. Vitride™ reduction of N-acylamide to N-alkylamine proceeded with concomitant reductive deprotection of C-6 and O-3 functionalities.
Article
The DielsAlder reaction can reliably provide the expected endo-product in the presence of secondary orbital overlap. It can be considerably more difficult to access a single enantiomer of the exo-product. In this paper, a D-chiro-inositol derivative is used as a chiral tether to facilitate the regio-, diastereo-, and enatioselective cycloaddition b...
Chapter
Retigeranic acid (1) belongs to the class of sesterterpenes, which comprise five isoprene units. The chemistry of this group of terpenes, representative examples of which are shown in Fig. 10.1 was the subject of a recent review [1]. The unique structure of retigeranic acid was undoubtedly of interest to all those who, in the late 1970s and early 1...
Article
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers amongst women in North America. Many current anti-cancer treatments, including ionizing radiation, induce apoptosis via DNA damage. Unfortunately, such treatments are non-selective to cancer cells and produce similar toxicity in normal cells. We have reported selective induction of apoptosis in cancer...
Article
The synthesis of nalbuphine (VI) from oripavine (I) requires only five chemical transformations and is conducted with an overall yield of 45%, in contrast to current methods requiring seven to ten steps.
Article
A series of ortho-, meta-, and para- halogen-substituted methyl benzoate esters was subjected to enzymatic dihydroxylation via the whole-cell fermentation with E. coli JM109 (pDTG601A). Only ortho-substituted benzoates were metabolized. Methyl 2-fluorobenzoate yielded one diol regioselectively whereas methyl 2-chloro-, methyl 2-bromo- and methyl 2-...
Article
An improved preparation of buprenorphine via palladium-catalyzed N-demethylation/acylation is reported. Three routes were investigated and compared in overall yield. The first involved N-demethylation/acylation of an advanced intermediate obtained from thebaine followed by hydrolysis of the N-acetamide and alkylation with cyclopropylmethyl bromide...
Article
Full-text available
The natural compound pancratistatin (PST) is a non-genotoxic inducer of apoptosis in a variety of cancers. It exhibits cancer selectivity as non-cancerous cells are markedly less sensitive to PST. Nonetheless, PST is not readily synthesized and is present in very low quantities in its natural source to be applied clinically. We have previously synt...
Article
Four generations of chemoenzymatic approaches to oseltamivir are presented. The first two generations relied on the use of cyclohexadiene-cis-diol derived enzymatically from bromobenzene. The third and fourth generation used the corresponding diol obtained from ethyl benzoate by fermentation with E. coli JM109(pDTG601a). Oseltamivir was obtained fr...

Citations

... The number of unnatural derivatives of narciclasine reported in the literature is very small compared with those derived from pancratistatin. Thus, our group previously published efforts towards the total syntheses of narciclasine analogs, namely compounds 5-9 shown in Figure 1 [11][12][13][14]. 10-Aza-narciclasine (7) is the only derivative of narciclasine synthesized by our group that displayed activity comparable to that of the natural product [12]. ...
... The more elaborate synthesis of the C-ring coupling precursor, which contains all the necessary chiral centers of the final product, begins with the enzymatic dihydroxylation of ortho-dibromobenzene (13, Scheme 3). This is accomplished by a whole-cell fermentation process [20] with a recombinant strain of E. coli JM109 (pDTG601A [21]) that over-expresses toluene dioxygenase and was successfully used for the oxidative de-aromatization of various aromatic substrates [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] employed in the synthesis of natural products. Once dibromodiene diol 12 was obtained, it was subjected to acetonide protection and a nitroso Diels-Alder reaction in a one-pot procedure to form the bicyclic oxazine 21. ...
... There are not as many unnatural derivatives reported for the latter alkaloid compared to the research volume with pancratistatin. We have published several fully synthetic approaches to C-7 and C-10 analogues, namely compounds 3, 4, and 5, shown in Figure 1 [30][31][32][33]. Only one of these, 10-azanarciclasine (4), displayed activity comparable to the natural product. ...
... Morphine is an NP extracted from the milk of the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum) [53]. This plant is a perennial herb mainly found in the Mediterranean region and some parts of Asia. ...
... 29 In 2021, Thomson and co-workers synthesized 1,5,8trimethoxy-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate through a seven-step reaction in the presence of a palladium catalyst. 30 Also in 2021, Chen and co-workers prepared a 1-cyano isochromene compound easily with high efficiency by using 1-methoxy-1Hisochromene and trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of Fe(OTf) 3 catalyst. 31 In continuation of the ongoing work by our team on catalytic reactions, 32,33 the purpose of this research was to create a novel catalyst with high reactivity through a simple procedure. ...
... Dearomatizations are strategic transformations for assembling complex cyclic, bridged, or spirocyclic scaffolds because multiple bonds are forged from readily available aromatics (1) [2][3][4] . Numerous dearomatizations have featured as key steps in the synthesis of prized bioactive targets [5][6][7][8][9] where brevity is paramount, such as in the syntheses of the anti-viral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu, 2) 10 and the pain management opiate oxycodone (3) 11 (Fig. 1). ...
... Capitulating to the mob, the journal retracted the paper (Kramer, 2020). It can still be found online (Hudlicky, 2020). As with Gilley's article, there was no data fraud or error because there was no original data. ...
... A reflection on the current state of affairs". 24 This contribution is a self-described "essay", which was commemorative in nature, celebrating Prof. Dieter Seebach on the 30th anniversary of the publication of a review of similar name. 25 According to editorial staff at Angewandte Chemie, Hudlický's essay was peer reviewed. ...
... Other metals such as Pd [19][20][21][22], Ru [23], Au [24][25][26][27], Ag [28][29][30], Cu [31,32], and electrophiles have then been engaged, and two pathways have been identified depending on the nature of the catalyst, 5-exo-dig and 6-endo-dig, resulting in various cyclic products, with the outcome of the process being mainly dependent on the carbophilic or oxophilic properties of the catalytic species (Scheme 2). Citation: Melot, R.; Michelet, V. Coinage Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions of ortho-Alkynylaryl and Heteroaryl Aldehydes and Ketones. ...
... 2019年, Hudlicky课题组 [41] 发表了calyciphylline A- 图 2 Stockdill课题组 [40] 对于ABC三环骨架的合成研究 Figure 2 Synthesis of the ABC tricyclic ring system by the Stockdill group [40] 图 3 Bonjoch课题组 [38] 对于ABC三环骨架的合成研究 Figure 3 Synthesis of ABC tricyclic ring system by the Bonjoch group [38] 评 述 2 Himalensine A的ABCD四环骨架合成 研究 2017年, Bonjoch课题组 [39] 报道了himalensine A中 ABCD四环骨架的合成(图5 [39] 对于ABCD四环骨架的合成研究 Figure 5 Synthesis of ABCD tetracyclic ring system by the Bonjoch group [39] 图 6 Dixon课题组 [36] 对于(−)-himalensine A的全合成 Figure 6 Total synthesis of (−)-himalensine A by the Dixon group [36] [42] . 该工作为复杂虎皮楠生物碱 的全合成提供了新颖的策略思路. ...