Tim Vorley's research while affiliated with Oxford Brookes University and other places

Publications (101)

Article
We know a lot about how much firms invest in R&D, but less about the critical first step which is a potential R&D opportunity. We use a large UK survey and detailed case study evidence to establish the chain of events from opportunity to the investment choice. Our results show that 34% of firms had identified an R&D investment opportunity. Realised...
Article
How policymakers and academics organize and visualize core ideas affects how they define and perceive problems and generate policy solutions. While understanding complex ideas—such as productivity—as the product of a set of discrete inputs can help target inquiry and structure policy interventions, this can also lead to siloed thinking that neglect...
Article
Full-text available
Community businesses contribute to the economic and social well-being of the communities in which they operate. As a subset of hybrid organizations, community businesses have unique challenges and opportunities related to their community embeddedness. Our study adopts an institutional logic perspective to understand the evolutionary boundaries of c...
Article
Development studies have paid less attention to the role of technological innovations and we are yet to understand how, and more importantly why, technological trajectories differ across countries. This gap becomes sharper as emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) are becoming increasingly important in addressing many world deve...
Article
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The Advanced Producer Services (APS) sector, long considered to be the vanguard of the knowledge economy and world-city formation, is undergoing a digital transformation. Digital transformation entails an increased engagement with digital technologies in the operation, product offerings and strategies of APS firms, with potentially transformative i...
Article
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The world is in the midst of a digital transformation. An intensified prevalence and use of digital technologies is fundamentally changing organizations and economies. However, the notion of 'digital transformation' is both theoretically and empirically underspecified. This paper rethinks the digital transformation narrative theoretically by embedd...
Book
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Presenting fascinating new insights on gender and innovation with a central focus on the experiences of women innovators, this book explores different geographic and institutional contexts through a series of in-depth case studies. It investigates how intersecting characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity as well as broader contextual factors...
Chapter
This chapter focuses on diversity and inclusion in the UK, and specifically with regard to the innovation activities of women-led SMEs. We adopt an intersectional lens to analyse how gender, ethnicity and place intersect to influence SMEs’ innovation activities, and provide insights on how policy initiatives can more effectively support female foun...
Article
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With the structuring of subnational governance driven primarily by economic goals, an issue that has become increasingly overlooked is that of identity. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders from the Sheffield City Region, the paper builds on Jones and Woods’ framework of 2013 of ‘material’ and ‘imagined’ coherence, demonstrating the ‘imaginary’...
Article
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the lifeblood of economies around the world. They play an important role in productivity growth, which is crucial for developed economies as they adjust to major trends such as the industrial revolution, an ageing population and changes in the nature of work. This study maps the SME productivity researc...
Article
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This article advances knowledge on the diversity and heterogeneity of women-led small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the UK by analysing how gender intersects with ethnicity and place to influence their engagement in innovation. We adopt an intersectional perspective, and base our analyses on the Longitudinal Small Business Survey (LSBS) da...
Technical Report
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The starting point for the study was to review the role of Further Education Colleges (FECs) and their potential contribution as part of the innovation landscape. Building on previous work, this project unpacks the current and prospective role of FECs in developing the innovation capabilities of businesses. Given the funding available to FECs throu...
Article
Despite the widely recognised importance of diversity for business performance, knowledge concerning the support needs of under-represented groups is still limited. We adopt an intersectional approach to analyse the challenges and support needs of ethnic minority entrepreneurs, and those with disabilities, to participate in entrepreneurial activity...
Technical Report
Full-text available
Using data from the quarterly cross-sectional SME Finance Monitor Surveys, this report provides early findings on SME productivity performance and drivers during the first three quarters of the pandemic. Key findings: 1) There has been a strong sectoral dimension to SME performance during the pandemic amongst those surveyed. Service and construct...
Article
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The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has seen the implementation of unprecedented social distancing measures, restricting social interaction and with it the possibility for conducting face-to-face qualitative research. This paper provides lessons from a series of qualitative research projects that were adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure t...
Article
The study of technical innovation in Professional Services has attracted growing interest among scholars, who have sought to analyze the process of organizational change and service transformation. However, very little attention has been devoted to understanding the process of adoption and diffusion of technical innovation in professional sectors....
Article
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The emergence of new industries that are not closely related to existing regional paths remains an underexplained process in evolutionary economic geography. This paper responds to this gap through a case study of a maturing ecosystem of activity related to artificial intelligence in Montreal, Canada. Conceptually it brings together recent thinking...
Technical Report
Full-text available
Recent research demonstrates that the UK is very spatially unequal when it comes to productivity with 72% of regions performing below the UK average. In 2020, the OECD noted the underperformance of UK core cities relative to international peers, while Core Cities UK found that these places were not living up to their growth potential. Prior to COVI...
Article
This paper explores how local communities in formerly industrialised places make sense of industrial decline and how the historical experience of industrialism has influenced the subsequent development of local entrepreneurship cultures. Based on a study with entrepreneurs and policymakers in Doncaster, a post-industrial English town in South Yorks...
Preprint
Despite the widely recognized importance of diversity for business performance, knowledge concerning the support needs of under-represented groups is still limited. We adopt an intersectional approach to analyse the challenges and support needs of ethnic minority entrepreneurs, and those with disabilities, to participate in entrepreneurial activity...
Article
Despite the widely recognized importance of diversity for business performance, knowledge concerning the support needs of under-represented groups is still limited. We adopt an intersectional approach to analyse the challenges and support needs of ethnic minority entrepreneurs, and those with disabilities, to participate in entrepreneurial activity...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose-Despite their economic significance, empirical evidence on the growth constraints facing micro-businesses as an important subset of SMEs remains scarce. At the same time, little consideration has hitherto been given to the context in which entrepreneurial activity occurs. The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirically-informed conte...
Technical Report
Full-text available
A study identifying the opportunities, challenges and support needs of disabled and ethnic minority innovators. This research was commissioned by Innovate UK, part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and undertaken by the Innovation Caucus
Article
This paper examines how family members support each other’s entrepreneurial activities through sharing resources created at the business-level. Drawing on the concept of ‘enterpriseness’ the study examines the flows between a family and the business and how it influences the impacts of the businesses on the family (enterpriseness). We capture the e...
Article
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Recent technological developments in automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) promise to disrupt the very foundations of how legal work is practised and delivered. Yet how they challenge current business models, where they encounter resistance, and how the benefits of AI can be realised remain unexplored. Drawing on interviews with professionals...
Article
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There is a lack of understanding of how social enterprises with their partners co-create opportunities to concurrently generate both social and economic value across the pyramid. Drawing on evidence from multiple case-studies, this paper addresses this gap to further our understanding of opportunity co-creation by social enterprises. We find that s...
Article
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This paper explores to what extent the new localism has effectively empowered local enterprise partnerships (LEPs) and local communities to deliver localized, place-based enterprise policy at the subnational level. It identifies externally imposed constraints on local enterprise policy-making that have seen this reoriented towards the support of hi...
Article
SMEs are the lifeblood of many economies. The important role of SMEs’ growth to the economy is evident through their positive impact on employment creation, productivity and competitiveness; and makes them a key focus area for researchers and policymakers alike. SMEs also have the potential to ensure more inclusive growth, assist economies to adapt...
Article
There is a lack of understanding of how social enterprises with their partners co-create opportunities to concurrently generate both social and economic value across the pyramid. Drawing on evidence from multiple case-studies, this paper addresses this gap to further our understanding of opportunity co-creation by social enterprises. We find that s...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the role of public policy in the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Poland. Design/methodology/approach The paper assumes a qualitative approach to researching and analysing how public policy enables and constrains the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The authors conducted...
Article
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This article reviews the literature on entrepreneurship and crises, capturing where we have been and where we are now, and begins to discuss where we might go next. It centres around how we have come to understand the relationship between entrepreneurship and crises through the application of certain crisis definitions, concepts, typologies, the cr...
Article
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This article examines how the legacies of the past in peripheral post-industrial places serve to shape current and future entrepreneurial activity, and with it local economic resilience. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with key regional stakeholders, the article reveals how peripheral post-industrial places are constrained by their histo...
Article
Purpose Focusing on the family as the central unit of analysis, the purpose of this paper is to examine how entrepreneurial families, with more than one owner/entrepreneur, utilise social capital in a challenging institutional environment. Design/methodology/approach The empirical focus of this paper is the institutional context of Mexico and how...
Chapter
Through the Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan launched in 2013, the European Commission set out its agenda for how entrepreneurship could help tackle the problems associated with the 2008 financial crisis. In this chapter we present how STARTIFY7, a project funded by the Commission’s Horizon 2020 initiative, sought to respond to the Entrepreneurshi...
Article
The effects of regulations on SMEs have garnered significant political attention internationally yet, in the academic literature, these effects remain contested. This article presents findings from a systematic literature review of qualitative evidence on the effects of regulation on SMEs. We set out the strengths of qualitative approaches in relat...
Technical Report
Full-text available
The Industrial Strategy published in November 2017 set out the framework for how the Government planned to shape future growth and deliver a stronger economy. However, more than an Industrial Strategy, the white paper was as much an innovation strategy and productivity strategy. In presenting a more proactive approach to government that seeks to ac...
Article
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The aim of this paper is to examine how the institutional environment impacts the nature of corruption affecting entrepreneurship in transition economies. Drawing on a survey and in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs in Montenegro, the paper finds that corruption is a pervasive presence which has not been ameliorated despite economic reforms. Mont...
Chapter
This chapter examines how changes to the institutional environment in a crisis-hit economy impact on entrepreneurial activity. Drawing on in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs in Greece, the findings suggest that changes to institutions have served to limit entrepreneurial activity rather than enhance it, and that this has worsened in the midst of...
Chapter
2017 by Emerald Publishing Limited.Entrepreneurship is viewed as essential to the future prosperity of Europe and creating societies that are socially and economically inclusive. The information communication technology (ICT) sector has been identified as an area of great entrepreneurial potential for Europe and yet the continent struggles to creat...
Article
There has been increasing interest in understanding the factors that contribute to the development of employee resilience. Despite such interest, there is a dearth of research examining the contributory role played by HR practices in enhancing employee resilience. Looking at the context of Pakistan’s telecommunications sector and deploying a qualit...
Article
Drawing insights from the national systems of innovation and social entrepreneurship literature, this article examines how national systems of innovation (NSI) and social entrepreneurship interact to generate social innovation in emerging economies. Through the examination of a case study of the Emergency and Management Research Institute (EMRI), a...
Article
The aim of this article is to examine the impact of institutional development on entrepreneurship in post-conflict environments. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Kosovar entrepreneurs the article highlights how the experience of fostering entrepreneurship in a post-conflict, new born state is distinct from transition economies. The article finds...
Article
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to unpack the nature of business innovation and understand the impact on regional innovation and competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a qualitative study of Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced Materials businesses in the Sheffield City Region (UK). Interviews were conducted with 23 fir...
Article
This study examines economic resilience in the new born state of Kosovo. Resilience is an emerging concept, which has been employed to examine economic performance and responsiveness to exogenous shocks. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders in Kosovo, this paper contributes to the emergent literature on economic resilience by examining how polic...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose: Micro-businesses account for a large majority of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). However, they remain comparatively under-researched. The purpose of this paper is to take stock of the extant literature on growth challenges and to distinguish growth constraints facing micro-businesses as a specific subset of SMEs from those facing larg...
Article
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Non-market strategies are examined through domains including corporate social responsibility (Aguinies & Glavas, 2012) and corporate political strategy (Lawton et al., 2013) also referred to as corporate political activity (CPA). Much of this extant literature has taken the firm as the unit of analysis within the macro-context of markets and instit...
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of big data text analytics as an enabler of knowledge management (KM). The paper argues that big data text analytics represents an important means to visualise and analyse data, especially unstructured data, which have the potential to improve KM within organisations. Design/methodology/app...
Article
For many years, local economic development has been driven by the desire to maintain, attract and nurture clusters of economic activity in targeted industrial sectors. However, where clusters are not conventionally sector-based, public policy needs to develop alternative approaches to leverage the economic benefits and realise competitive advantage...
Article
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of smartphone apps in fostering effectual thinking. The paper considers both the effectual development of entrepreneurial ideas and the associated change in entrepreneurial confidence and perceived entrepreneurial skills of students at a UK Higher Education Institution. Design/met...
Article
This paper examines the role of civic leadership in fostering economic resilience in City Regions. Extant research on resilience has examined ‘economic’ factors. This paper adds to the academic discourse by considering how effective leadership shapes economic development within sub-national economies. Through a case study of the Sheffield City Regi...
Article
This article examines the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship in transition economies. Utilising in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs in Sofia, Bulgaria, and Bucharest, Romania, the article finds that despite economic reforms, corruption occupies a pervasive space which impacts entrepreneurial strategy. In both countries, entrepreneurs opera...
Article
Entrepreneurship education has increased in prominence over the past decade yet somewhat paradoxically remains outside the statutory school curriculum in many places, including the UK. Despite this, there has been a growing movement to embed enterprise education widely, including supporting enterprise through community-based learning. This article...
Article
This paper examines how changes to the institutional environment in a crisis-hit economy impact on entrepreneurial activity. Through a case study of Greece, the paper demonstrates how the institutional environment has changed in light of the crisis and the resultant response of entrepreneurs to these changes. Drawing on in-depth interviews with ent...
Article
Despite high levels of research, knowledge and institutional support, the European Union (EU) over the past three decades has consistently lagged behind the USA regarding levels of entrepreneurship. While numerous attempts have been made to develop a more innovative Europe, not least through regional policy, the Lisbon agenda and most recently EU20...
Article
Whilst governments are slowly recognising informal economic activities, little research has focused on the nature of informal entrepreneurship as a form of work. Using Bourdieu’s theory of practice, this paper unpacks the everyday life of Ukrainian entrepreneurs operating informally in the UK. By identifying the heterogeneous nature of entrepreneur...
Article
This article examines the relationship between economic resilience and entrepreneurship in city regions. Resilience is an emerging concept which has been employed to examine economic performance and responsiveness to exogenous shocks such as financial crisis and recession. Drawing on a literature review of academic articles in this emerging field a...
Article
This article critically analyses how the institutional environment influences the development of entrepreneurship in Bulgaria. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Bulgarian entrepreneurs an ‘institutional asymmetry’ between formal and informal institutions is identified which hampers the development of economically and socially productive entrepren...
Article
The rapid development, diffusion, and increasing utilisation of mobile technologies have transformed the ways in which airlines interact with their customers. In an effort to improve brand awareness, engender increased customer loyalty, lower costs, and make the process of flying more streamlined and efficient, increasing numbers of airlines worldw...
Article
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The analysis of employment relations needs to include work in the informal economy. For this purpose, we propose a ‘degrees of informalization’ framework that evaluates the proportion of employment relations infused with informality and the nature of this permeation. We apply this framework to South-East Europe, using evidence from a 2007 Eurobarom...
Article
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between economic resilience and entrepreneurship in City Regions. ‘Resilience’ is an emerging concept, which has been employed to examine economic performance and responsiveness to exogenous shocks, such as financial crisis and recession. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders in the Thessal...
Article
The creative industries have been identified as a key sector for the UK's economic recovery. Despite the intense focus, however, the working practices of their labour force remain largely enigmatic to public policy. Particularly, freelancers, who make up a large proportion of labour within the creative industries, remain largely under-researched. T...
Article
Home-based businesses (HBBs) represent an increasingly important form of entrepreneurial activity, yet often remain overlooked within academic literature and largely invisible within official statistics. Set against the background of the home becoming a more common place of business, this article unpacks owner-entrepreneurs' experiences in forming...
Article
Networks have become a major analytical concept in economic geography and have served to extend both empirical and theoretical research agendas. However, much of the literature on networks is characterized as associative, considering them only as cumulative constructs through the constant enrollment of additional actors. Through the lens of social...
Article
Universities are increasingly challenged to become more socially and economically relevant institutions. While this phenomenon has prompted a growing literature documenting the evolution of the contemporary university, it remains at once both too broadly conceptualized and overly fragmented. Thus, while these literatures continue to grow, they rema...
Article
The widespread transformation of the economic base has seen the decline of traditional manufacturing economies and the rise of knowledge-based economies. Consequently, conventional manufacturing-oriented industrial policy has become 'future orientated' towards the challenges of the knowledge-based economies, and increasingly replaced by innovation...
Article
Purpose Over the past 20 years public policy has sought to promote and formalise the socio‐economic role of universities under the auspices of the so called “third mission”. The purpose of this paper is to consider how the third mission relates to, and has the capacity to reinforce the core missions of teaching and research. Design/methodology/app...
Article
Recent national and regional innovation policies have both catalysed and compounded the entrepreneurial tendency in higher education, redefining the traditional roles of universities. While academic debate has for some time addressed the importance of universities to regional economic development, more recent literature has focused explicitly on ho...
Article
Universities are widely cited as engines of the knowledge economy, with public policy increasingly viewing universities as integral to economic growth and competitiveness. This new function, colloquially known as the Third Mission, has seen the entrepreneurial role of universities emphasised by government and institutional policy, although seemingl...
Article
Full-text available
Universities are increasingly being challenged to become more socially and economically relevant institutions under the guise of the so-called ‘Third Mission’. This phenomenon, articulated in policy, has prompted the emergence of a growing literature documenting the evolution of the contemporary university, and specifically addressing the Third Mis...
Article
Universities are engines of the knowledge-based economy, both as sites of knowledge production and exploitation. Over the past two decades a “Third Mission” for universities has been articulated, alongside teaching and research; and this third mission is understood as commercial engagement. While growing literatures on the entrepreneurial universit...
Article
Higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide are in an era of change. In England universities have been challenged to realize their potential their potential under guise of the so called ‘Third Mission’, which has emphasised the commercialization and technology transfer of academic research. Much of the existing literature is devoted to the scien...
Article
Envisagée en termes de Troisième mission, l’université « entreprise », également appelée université « entrepreneuriale », s’est peu à peu inscrite dans le panorama conceptuel ordinaire des politiques publiques. Les analystes ne sont toutefois pas parvenus à s’entendre sur ce qu’implique réellement cette Troisième mission pour les deux autres volets...
Article
Framed in terms of the Third Mission, the "enterprise" or "entrepreneurial" university has increasingly become normalised in public policy; however there remains much contention about the implication of third stream activities. There is little rigorous evidence as to whether the Third Mission adversely affects teaching and/or (basic) research. Mart...
Article
This special issue brings together creativity and enterprise through the geographies of the creative industries. In recent years the focus of academic debate has privileged business and corporate economies, and so this issue seeks to contribute both empirically and theoretically to the burgeoning literature of creative industries. Economic geograph...
Article
The notion of the cluster has become a highly interdisciplinary project, although it remains intrinsic to human and more specifically economic geography as a discipline. This article reviews the concept of the cluster from its origin in the work of Alfred Marshall and the industrial district, and how it has come to inform much subsequent thinking....
Article
Framed in terms of the Third Mission, the “enterprise” or “entrepreneurial” university has increasingly become normalised in public policy; however there remains much contention about the implication of third stream activities. There is little rigorous evidence as to whether the Third Mission adversely affects teaching and/or (basic) research. Mart...
Article
Full-text available
Within the UK the so called 'Third Mission' has become synonymous with commercializing academic research as universities attempt to realise their potential -an approach which has been engineered through government policy. Despite the emphasis placed on the knowledge/technology transfer agenda by the government, and the funding stream made available...

Citations

... Molfino et al. (2024), on the other hand, stated that AI technology is developing faster than laws and standards, calling for more attention, especially in the field of transportation and warehousing since they are considered one of the riskiest and most dangerous industries. Trincado-Munoz et al. (2024) raised many concerns about the dark side of AI, where developing AI systems that do not consider ethics might lead to co-destruction instead of co-creation. Therefore, joint efforts have been made to develop ethical AI systems that could be adopted in industry. ...
... Given the lack of literature on university activism, a qualitative approach was deemed preferable for capturing its rich and multifaceted nature (Tuckerman et al., 2023) and laying the groundwork for future empirical and theoretical studies. Specifically, to gather extensive empirical evidence on this understudied phenomenon, the multiple case study was considered the most appropriate method capable of generating a better and deeper understanding of the topic (Yin, 2009;Eisenhardt, 1989) by collecting data from the universities' websites. ...
... In their research, Du & Guo (2023) explored the influence of green credit policies on environmentally friendly innovation behavior in environmentally friendly companies and the moderating impact of climate change policy uncertainty. In line with this research, Calderini et al. (2023) and Tuckerman et al. (2023) explain the importance of transformative policy innovation to embed and provide solutions in implementing the principles of social and environmental sustainability. In contrast to previous research, Afewerki et al. (2023) said that policy innovation has a role in developing aquaculture production technology. ...
... Furthermore, this approach reflects fundamental concepts of structure as "rules and resources" [45] and schema as "generalizable procedures" [46]. It echoes the "structure-agency" model that integrates contexts, actions, and strategies [47]. Moreover, the policy regime approach emphasizes "state-society synergy" [48] in which government and communities engage in the process of coproduction [49,50]. ...
... Conservative and traditional management practices are increasingly influenced by the development and use of modern technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and GIS systems with machine learning algorithms are also becoming part of everyday real estate management, [8]. However, the development and application of digital strategies in management companies in Latvia is still in its infancy. ...
... However, soft spaces with boundaries prescribed externally -LRFs being examplesare unlikely to reflect shared ambitions, strong 'place identification' (p. 334), or the historical identities that influence present-day governance (e.g., Gherhes et al., 2023). This resonates with the misalignments of English subnational administrative boundaries, which Newman and Kenny (2023, p. 6) find to 'cause confusion and uncertainty, and contribute to a lack of accountability'. ...
... Existing research on technology convergence has focused on the perspectives of technology trajectories [15,16] and technology composition [17,18], revealing the importance of technology opportunity discovery, technology evolution paths, future emerging technologies, and the ability of enterprises to respond to dynamic technological change. However, technological diversity, complex technology convergence networks, and ambiguous technological boundaries in emerging industries pose serious challenges to the previous similarity-based prediction of technology convergence directions and direct utility evaluation [19,20]. ...
... It is important to understand whether a new or proposed ESO will be useful to all or only some founders to provide a more critical assessment of ESOs, as called for by Wolf-Powers et al. (2017). I follow Owalla et al. (2020) in recommending a policy approach that combines targeted with non-targeted (or "mainstream") programs. It is undoubtedly useful for founders in a mainstream ESO to learn from a diverse group of peers, including those who may be more experienced and have different ideas. ...
... Focusing on qualitative research projects during the COVID-19 pandemic, Rahman et al. (2021) and Adom et al. (2020) discussed the ad-hoc adaptations of qualitative research during the pandemic referring to various qualitative research methods and challenges encountered when digitalizing them. Some of the core qualitative data collection methods, namely, interviews, observations, workshops/action research, were considered, and numerous challenges such as distractions from home life, poor internet connections, last minute rescheduling were discussed. ...
... In the same vein, Clement Addo et al.'s (2021) study on customer engagement concluded a positive correlation between social elements (likes, chats, visits) and online purchase intentions. However, their study did not show how the raters' social-cultural background influenced their online endorsements despite these cases demonstrating the co-emergence of cultural-cognitive and normative legitimacy, the connection between these legitimacies, i.e., how and why they co-emerge and the sequence of their co-emergence, is still understudied (Cordasco et al., 2021). Humphreys (2010) revealed that consumers of diverse cultural backgrounds communicate and make sense of the new product or service offerings. ...