Tiantao Cheng's research while affiliated with Fudan University and other places
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Publications (112)
Using 22‐year ground observations on meteorological variables, we conducted a statistical analysis to reveal fog characteristics at Shanghai Pudong International Airport (SPIA). Fog events were classified by fog types using an objective method. Two types of advection fogs are dominant in fog events at SPIA, followed by radiation fogs. Different fog...
Clouds are an important component of weather systems and are difficult to effectively characterize using current climate models and estimation of radiative forcing. Due to the limitations in observational capabilities, it remains difficult to obtain high-spatiotemporal-resolution, continuous, and accurate observations of clouds. To overcome this is...
While the reduction in anthropogenic emissions due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown in China and its impact on air quality have been reported extensively, its impact on ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is still yet to be assessed. In this study, the impact of emission reductions on spatiotemporal changes of CO2 concentrati...
China experienced severe haze pollution in the past decades. However, systematic characterization of atmospheric fine particles with advanced measurement techniques has been very scarce in Shanghai, which is the largest megacity in China. Herein, we present the characterization of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) in urban Shanghai during w...
Quantifying the single‐site representativeness of carbon flux footprints plays a crucial role in land‐atmosphere interaction, especially in semi‐arid regions with high‐frequency turbulence. In this study, we used multi‐platform datasets, including observational data derived from the eddy covariance flux monitoring systems of the Semi‐Arid Climate a...
Since the implementation of pollution prevention and control action in China in 2013, particulate pollution has been greatly reduced, while ozone pollution has become gradually severe, especially in the economically developed eastern region. Recently, a new situation of air pollution has emerged, namely, enhanced atmospheric oxidation, ascending re...
Understanding the gas–particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) is of crucial importance in the accurate representation of the global budget of atmospheric organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified the gas- vs. particle-phase fractions of a large number of SVOCs in real time in an urban area of East China with the use of...
Vertical information about aerosols and clouds is vital to understanding aerosol transport, aerosol-cloud interactions, and pollution-weather-climate feedback so as to reduce uncertainties in estimating their climatic effects. The combination of sounding, lidar, aircraft, and satellite measurements is widely used to obtain the vertical information...
Low-visibility events (LVEs) are severe weather phenomena that are closely linked with anthropogenic pollution, which negatively affects traffic, air quality, human health, and the environment. This study conducted a two-month (from October to December 2019) continuous measurement campaign on Chongming Island in Shanghai to characterize the LVEs tr...
Regional climate changes have adverse socioeconomic impacts, especially in a megacity. As a case study, we investigate the regional climate changes of Chengdu, the most densely populated cities in western China. In the past 40 years, Chengdu underwent warming and less humid trends over the entire region. Consistently, the number of annual fog days...
Understanding the gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) is of crucial importance in the accurate representation of the global budget of atmospheric organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified the gas- vs. particle-phase fractions of a large number of SVOCs in real time in an urban area of East China with the use of...
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are important light absorption contributors to atmospheric brown carbon; however, their formation pathways and the key influential factors in polluted urban atmospheres are largely unknown. Herein, we present the molecular characterization of atmospheric particulate NACs in urban Shanghai by applying ultra‐high‐perfor...
An algorithm is proposed for consecutive retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and total suspended solid (TSS) concentration in turbid coastal water using a shortwave infrared band and a visible band. MODIS band 7 (∼2.1 μm) was used to retrieve the AOD in turbid coastal water, as the top-of-atmosphere reflectance in this band is more sensitive t...
Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacit...
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Low-visibility events (LVEs, e.g., haze, fog, mist) in China have comprised a high proportion of bad weather phenomena in past decades. In this study, the long-term (1980–2017) trend of LVEs over the Chinese coastland and its influencing factors were examined using in-situ meteorological and reanalysis data as well as climatic indices data. A stric...
Measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed as well as other pollutants in Shanghai in winter. The whole measurements were classified into three types of periods, including particulate pollution episodes (PPE), VOC pollution episodes (VPE), and relatively clean periods based on the pollution characteristics. Of these types, PPE...
The Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) is characterized by enhanced aerosol concentrations in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at 13–18 km altitude. A growing body of evidence suggests that the aerosol enhancement is closely connected with deep convection during the monsoon. However, the origin...
Long term measurements of air pollutants represented the footprints of emissions to some extent, which could provide useful and consecutive evolution of emissions. Both atmospheric concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been reported decreasing in the past decade due to the implement of various control measures in China, which wer...
The geographical distributions of summertime cirrus with
different cloud top heights above the Tibetan Plateau are investigated by
using the 2012–2016 Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observation (CALIPSO) data. The cirrus clouds with different cloud top
heights exhibit an obvious difference in their horizontal distribution ove...
The light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, including black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC), influenced heavily on aerosol environmental quality and the Earth's radiation. Here, a winter campaign to characterize BC and BrC in PM2.5 was conducted simultaneously in six Chinese megacities (i.e., Harbin, Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai, Wuhan, and Guangzhou...
The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) is characterized by enhanced aerosol concentrations in the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) anticyclone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at 13-18 km altitude. A growing body of evidence suggests that the aerosol enhancement is closely connected with deep convection during the monsoon. However, the...
To investigate the effects of shipping aerosols on radiation, cloud physical properties, and near-surface PM2.5, four sensitive experiments with the WRF-Chem model were performed over coastal areas near Shanghai for July 2014. In general, the direct effect of shipping aerosols resulted in negative shortwave (SW) radiation forcing at the land surfac...
The changes of surface solar radiation (SSR) have significant implication for air pollution and rice yield. In this study, gridded SSR data, derived from multi-platform datasets and radiation model, were used to analyze its spatiotemporal changes over East China during 2000–2016. The results show SSR experiences dimming during 2000–2005, then turns...
Frost as a kind of deposition plays an important role in the removal of atmospheric compounds. However, studies concerning frost in the atmospheric environment were rare although chemical composition in frost samples might be affected by the surrounding atmospheric environment. In this study, a total of 35 frost samples were collected by means of a...
Atmospheric aerosols play a crucial role in regional radiative
budgets. Previous studies on clear-sky aerosol direct radiative forcing
(ADRF) have mainly been limited to site-scale observations or model
simulations for short-term cases, and long-term distributions of ADRF in
China have not been portrayed yet. In this study, an accurate fine-resolut...
Abstract. Using the 5-year summer Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data, the geographical distributions of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau have been studied according to the cloud top height. The cirrus number at the corresponding heights exhibit striking differences over the plateau. The maximum occurrenc...
Atmospheric aerosols play a crucial role in regional radiative budgets. Previous studies on clear-sky aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) have mainly been limited to site-scale observations or model simulations for short-term cases, and long-term distributions of ADRF in China has not been portrayed yet. In this study, an accurate fine-resoluti...
Intensive field measurements were carried out in urban Shanghai between 20th and 30th of May 2017, and the VOC characteristics and sources were investigated with a focus on the relative contributions of local emissions and regional transport, as well as on the potential source regions. The VOC characteristics and sources largely depended on the met...
We measured the vertical profiles of backscatter ratio (BSR) using the
balloon-borne, lightweight Compact Optical Backscatter AerosoL Detector
(COBALD) instruments above Linzhi, located in the southeastern Tibetan
Plateau, in the summer of 2014. An enhanced aerosol layer in the upper
troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS), with BSR (455 nm) > 1.1 an...
- [...]
As a major source of fine particles, open biomass burning can affect climate and the hydrological cycle via the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and their deposition. This study investigated the effect of aerosol size and chemical composition (water-soluble compounds, elemental carbon, and organic carbon) on CCN activation during the co...
New particle formation (NPF) events are important phenomena that generate nanoparticles and even fine particles via gas-to-particle conversion. These events have clear effects on aerosol loading, atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Long-term field measurements were used to characterize aerosol size distributions and to examine the role of atm...
Concerns about air pollutions in China have made fine particulate matter (PM2.5) estimation a hot research topic in recent years. Using satellite‐based PM2.5 data obtained over East China in 2000–2015, climatic factors affecting the PM2.5 variability were revealed in different seasons. Relevant climatic factors were used to estimate seasonal PM2.5...
Urbanization significantly influences meteorological conditions and air quality. Statistically, air pollution in the megacity of Shanghai usually occurs with cold weather fronts. An air pollution episode during a cold front was simulated using weather research and forecasting and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model system. In this study, we...
We measured the vertical profiles of aerosol backscattering ratio (BSR) with a balloon-borne lightweight COBALD at Linzhi, located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, in the summer of 2014. An enhanced aerosol layer in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) are found), with BSR (455nm)>1.1 and BSR (940nm)>1.4., was observed. The Color Ind...
Cirrus clouds play a significant role in the Earth’s energy balance and in the hydrological cycle of the atmosphere. Here, a high-performance Micro Pulse Lidar was continuously used to investigate cirrus cloud formation and characteristics at Ali (32.50°N, 80.08°E; 4279 m), in the western Tibetan Plateau from 25 July to 23 September 2016, a time fr...
Atmospheric pollutions have an important impact on aerosol, condensation nuclei (CN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) loadings near the ground through disturbing particle size, number, chemical composition and reactions, mixing state, hygroscopicity, and so on. Aerosols and CCN were measured in urban Guangzhou during pollution and post-rain peri...
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most important developed urban regions in eastern China, has been experiencing severe air pollution due to the rapid economic development. VOCs characterization and sources were studied based on ship-based measurements along the mid-lower Yangtze River (MLYR). The measured VOCs mean concentration was (65.5...
Heterogeneous aqueous reaction plays important roles in the enhanced formation of secondary aerosols during haze. However, its occurrence in haze episodes remains poorly understood. In this study, the trends in heterogeneous aqueous reaction in continuous haze episodes were investigated by an in-depth case analysis. The highly time-resolved measure...
With the explosive economic development of China over the past few decades, air pollution has attracted increasing global concern. Using satellite-based PM2.5 data from 2000 to 2015, we found that the available emissions of atmospheric compositions show similar yearly variation trends to PM2.5, even if the synchronization is not met for each compos...
Adsorbed nitrate is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, and it can undergo photolysis to produce oxidizing active radicals. Nitrate photolysis may be coupled with the oxidation conversions of atmospheric gaseous pollutants. However, the processes involved remain poorly understood. In this study, the impact of adsorbed nitrate on the heterogeneous oxidati...
Redox-active species in ambient particulate matter (PM) cause adverse health effects through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human respiratory tract. However, respiratory deposition of these species and their relative contributions to oxidative potential (OP) have not been described. Size-segregated aerosols were collected du...
Heterogeneous reactions of various atmospheric gaseous pollutants on particle surfaces are important pathways for the formation of secondary aerosols. However, these heterogeneous reactions are inevitable affected by each other in the real atmosphere. In this study, the impacts of the heterogeneous uptake of NO2 on the conversion of acetaldehyde on...
The effects of aerosol on clouds are examined over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) using 3 months of satellite data from the polluted wintertime from December 2013 to February 2014. The relationships between aerosol properties, and cloud micro-and macro-physical parameters are analyzed in detail to clarify the differences in cloud development under v...
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), condensation nuclei (CN) and aerosol chemical composition were measured simultaneously at an urban site of Guangzhou from July to August 2015 and in January 2016, and the seasonal variations of aerosol activated fractions (NCCN/NCN) as well as their relevant influence factors were further studied accordingly. NCN is...
This study presents the particle size distribution and respiratory deposition estimates of airborne perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) during the haze period. Size-segregated haze aerosols were collected from an urban location in Shanghai using an eight-stage air sampler. The samples were analyzed for eight PFAAs using ultra-high-performance liquid chrom...
With the explosive economic development of China over the past few decades, air pollution has become a serious environmental problem and has attracted increasing global concern. Using satellite-based PM2.5 data from 2000 to 2015, we found that the temporal-spatial variation of PM2.5 in East China is characterized by high concentrations in the north...
Using CALIPSO (cloud-aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observation) vertical observation data during haze periods from January 2007 to December 2008, we analyzed differences in aerosol characteristics near the surface, as well as in the middle troposphere between the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei metropolitan region (Area A) and the Yangtze R...
In this study, the concentrations of water soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) of size-resolved (0.056–18 μm) atmospheric aerosols were measured in July and August 2015 in Shanghai, China. Backward trajectory model and potential source contribution function (PSCF) model were used to identify the potential source distr...
The effects of polluted aerosol on cloud are examined over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) using three-month satellite data during wintertime from December 2013 to January 2014. The relationships between aerosol properties and cloud parameters are analyzed in detail to clarify the differences of cloud development under varying aerosol and meteorology...
An integrated microsampling approach based on active microextraction was developed to study semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). This microsampling system included an in-tube hollow-fiber solid-phase microextraction device in combination with a sorbent tube that can be applied in parallel to collect gas- and particle-phase SVOCs. The preparation...
A historic haze event, characterized by lengthy, large-scale and
severe pollution, occurred in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China from
1 to 10 December 2013. This haze event significantly influenced air quality
throughout the region, especially in urban areas. Aerosol physical, chemical
and optical properties were measured in Shanghai. Sometime...
We present measurements of wet deposition of inorganic N (AIN, including NO3⁻-N and NO4⁺-N) in Shanghai over the period 1991-2009. These data series are obtained from the Shanghai Weather monitoring network which consists of nine monitoring stations which are homogeneously spread over the Shanghai. These long-term measurements allow for a trend ana...
In order better to understand the particle-size distribution of
particulate PBDEs and their deposition pattern in human respiratory
tract, we made an one year campaign 2012–2013 for the measurement of size-resolved aerosol particles at Shanghai urban site. The results showed that particulate PBDEs exhibited a bimodal distribution with a mode peak i...
Heterogeneous reactions of NO2 on various mineral aerosol particles have been investigated in many previous studies, but a fundamental understanding of how the adsorption of formaldehyde influences the heterogeneous reactions of NO2 remains unclear. In this work, the effect of formaldehyde preadsorption on heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surfa...
A set of micro pulse lidar (MPL) systems operating at 532 nm was used for ground-based observation of aerosols in Shanghai in 2011. Three typical particulate pollution events (e.g., haze) were examined to determine the evolution of aerosol vertical distribution and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) during these pollution episodes. The aerosol vert...
Aerosol optical properties in columnar and surface atmospheres were measured at an urban station of Shanghai from December 2010 to October 2012, and their seasonal variations and differences were examined. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 500nm is on average about 0.72 over the entire campaign, relatively higher in spring and summer and lower in...
Sulfur dioxide and organic aldehydes in the atmosphere are ubiquitous and often correlated with mineral dust aerosols. Heterogeneous uptake and adsorption of one of these species on mineral aerosols can potentially change the properties of the particles, and further affect the following heterogeneous reactions of the other species on the coating pa...
Anthropogenic aerosols have significant impacts on the environment and human health in the Yangtze River Delta region, one of the most densely populated regions in the world. A biomass-burning plume swept across this area (Shanghai) in May 2009, leading to changes in the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which were investigated using gro...
Heterogeneous reactions of nitrogen oxides on the surface of aluminium oxide result in the formation of adsorbed nitrite and nitrate. However, little is known about the effects of other species on these heterogeneous reactions and their products. In this study, diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to analyze the process of th...
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) utilizing a flow modulator was applied to study particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes in the urban atmosphere. Samples were collected onto quartz fiber filters using a PM2.5 sampler at Megacity Shanghai, China. Sample preparation included extraction into n-hexane...
The aerosol number concentration and size distribution as well as size-resolved particle chemical composition were measured during haze and photochemical smog episodes in Shanghai in 2009. The number of haze days accounted for 43%, of which 30% was severe (visibility < 2 km) and moderate (2 km ≤ visibility < 3 km) haze, mainly distributed in winter...
This paper reports the use of chromatographic profiles of breath volatiles to determine disease markers in lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The volatile fraction was isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization (GC × GC-FI...
Black carbon (BC) aerosol was measured continuously at an urban site in Shanghai (31°18′N, 121°30′E) from January 2011 to January 2012, and the characteristics and relevant remote sources of BC were examined. Daily BC concentrations varied within the range of 0.3–11.4 μg m− 3 with an annual average of 2.3 μg m− 3. Comparably, monthly BC concentrati...
[1] Hourly measurements of water-soluble inorganic ionic species in ambient atmospheric particles were conducted at Shanghai, Hangzhou and Guangzhou sampling sites in China during the period of 2009-2011. The relation between sulfate and nitrate in PM10 and PM2.5 was examined based on these measurements. Results showed that the mass fraction of sul...
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and aerosols were measured continuously at an urban site of Shanghai in the period of September 2010–August 2011. Over the entire campaign, annual averages of CCNs at 0.2–1.0% supersaturation (SS) roughly ranged from 4000 cm−3 to 8000 cm−3. CCNs (0.2% SS) varied in a remarkable pattern on monthly or seasonal time sca...
The semi-diurnal mean aerosol mass concentration, chemical composition, and optical properties of PM2.5 were investigated in Shanghai during the spring of 2012. Slight pollution was observed during the study period. The average PM2.5 concentration was 64.11 ± 22.83 μg/m3. The mean coefficients of extinction, scattering, and absorption at 532 nm wer...
During the World Exposition 2010, which ran from May to October, emission control measures were implemented in Shanghai and surrounding areas to improve the air quality. This study evaluated the effects of regional transport on aerosol characteristics under these controlled local emission conditions using a month's worth of observations of the aero...
As a family of materials, conducting polymers (CPs) elicit the possibility of both exploiting the chemical and physical attributes of the polymer for chemical analysis and incorporating its electronic and electrochemical properties to enhance the analytical figures of merit. This review article provides a snapshot of current investigations in many...
The vertical distributions and optical properties of aerosols over Shanghai were analyzed using data from ground-based observation, space remote sensing and trajectories. Measurements of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) were carried out at Shanghai using a hand-held multi-band sun photometer MICROTOPS II from November 2009 to October 2010. AODs...
Aerosol optical properties were continuously measured at an urban site in Shanghai of China from December 2010 to March 2011, and aerosol scattering (σscat) and absorption (σabs) coefficients and single scattering albedo (SSA) were examined. During the entire period, mean σscat, σabs, SSA were 293 Mm− 1, 66 Mm− 1 and 0.81, respectively. Higher σsca...
Forest wildfires have become a growing concern due to their significant effects on regional climate and air quality. In the summer of 2010, intense forest wildfires lasting for about one month occurred in Moscow and its surround regions and caused serious air pollutions. Wildfire smoke spiraled upward over western Russia and then dispersed in the a...
Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mainly originate from incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of materials containing carbon and hydrogen. They exist in gas and particle phases, as well as dissolved or suspended in precipitation (fog or rain). Current studies in atmospheric PAHs are predominantly focused on fog and rainwater samples....
An online analyzer for Monitoring for AeRosols and Gases (MARGA) was employed to measure major water-soluble (WS) inorganic ions in PM10 at 1-h time resolution in Shanghai from May 27 to June 16, 2009. During the field campaign, hazy days were encountered over which atmospheric visibility was commonly less than 10 km, and hourly average PM10 reache...
Measurements for particles 10nm to 10μm were taken using a Wide-range Particle Spectrometer during the Chinese New Year (CNY) celebrations in 2009 in Shanghai, China. These celebrations provided an opportunity to study the number concentration and size distribution of particles in an especial atmospheric pollution situation due to firework displays...
Surface continuous measurements on black carbon (BC) were performed at
Tongyu (44.42°N, 122.87°E) from March to December 2008. Tongyu
is an international reference site of semi-arid climate and environment
researches, located in a continental semi-arid area of northeastern
China. Mass concentrations and potential contributing sources of BC are
disc...
Intense measurements on a giant dust event sweeping over the Asian
continent during springtime were conducted in Beijing from 16 to 20
April 2006. Beijing suffered from a large amount of mineral dust
transported long range from upwind regions, identified as the desert
areas of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. During the prime time of dust
event, hourly...
The hygroscopic properties of inorganic salt particles, including (NH 4) 2 SO 4 , NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 and NaNO 3 , are investigated using a self-assembled hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA) system. The iso-GF (growth factor) curves are derived to illustrate the effects of the initial particle size (D 0) and relative humidity (RH...
Agricultural fire is an important source of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols. To better understand biomass burning emission originating from fire over Asian agriculture areas and its transport into the downwind atmosphere, aerosols and major trace gases were measured continuously from 22 May to 30 June at Shanghai during the summer harvesttime of...
Intense measurements on a giant dust event sweeping over the Asian continent during springtime were conducted in Beijing from 16 to 20 April 2006. Beijing suffered from a large amount of mineral dust transported long range from upwind regions, identified as the desert areas of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. During the prime time of dust event, hourly...
The variations of sulfate formation and optical coefficients during SO2 heterogeneous reactions on hematite surface under different SO2 concentrations were examined using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatograph (IC). Laboratory experiments revealed that within ambient SO2 of 0.51-18.6 ppmv,...
Citations
... Lidars, due to their shorter wavelength emissions, are capable of detecting particles from a few nanometers up to a few micrometers in size, but they may miss cloud droplets that are in the tens of micrometers range when their concentration is low. Conversely, radar backscatter is basically dependent on the sixth power of the droplet diameter, making it insensitive to small particles [194,195], hence the synergy between lidars and cloud radars enhances atmospheric observations by combining lidar's high-resolution profiling of aerosols and cloud particles with cloud radar's ability to detect larger hydrometeors and cloud structures, providing a comprehensive view of cloud microphysics and dynamics. IR [196], visible spectrometers [197] and microwave radiometers [198] further enhance such synergy, allowing a seamless retrieval between regions of the cloud detected by both radar and lidar and regions detected by just one of these two instruments, or helping separate cloud and drizzle modes, or profiling the environmental temperature and LWC. ...
... The association of LST with increased Tar and the formation of UHIs is widely explored in studies by Wang et al., 2023). Most of these studies associated LST with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Test (NDVI) and proved that this index has a direct impact on LST and that tree and building coverage together explain more than 68% of the variation in LST. ...
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... Time to time advanced technologies is used to combat air pollution like as now a days low level jets are common and used worldwide to enhance the air quality (Wei et al., 2023). To understand the impact of air pollutants and their prediction, researchers have been studying the criteria for air pollutants, namely, Particulate Matter (PM), Ozone (O 3 ), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Pratap et al., 2020;Zhu et al., 2023). ...
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... The groups of C x H y O + 0-2 showed higher concentrations during nighttime. Previous studies have reported that C x H + y can be attributed to hydrocarbon-like compounds or to the fragmented ions of oxygenated ions through neutral loss of water (-H 2 O), a carbonyl group (-CO) or a carboxyl group (-CO 2 ) (Gkatzelis et al., 2018b;Peng et al., 2023). The time series of C x H + y is strongly correlated with C x H y O + 1 (r = 0.98) and C x H y O + 2 (r = 0.82), suggesting that they were mainly contributed by the fragmentation of oxygenated ions at higher masses. ...
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... There was no precipitation during the Spring Festival, while the nights of 25 January, 26 January, 28 January, and 30 January were breezy, which favored the development of temperature inversions [58]. The average visibility during the Spring Festival in 2020 was 8.3 km, lower than in 2019 (22.56 km) and 2021 (13.93 km) (Supplementary Materials Table S4), which was also one of the signs of fog haze [59]. Therefore, the preliminary judgment showed that unfavorable meteorological conditions led to a large reduction in environmental capacity, and heavy pollution occurred even though the level of social activity was low. ...
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... The main types include nonlinear attenuation q(X 1 ∩X 2 ) < min(q(X 1 ), q(X 2 )), single-factor nonlinear attenuation min(q(X 1 ), q(X 2 )) < q(X 1 ∩X 2 ) < max(q(X 1 ), q(X 2 )), doublefactor enhancement q(X 1 ∩X 2 ) > max(q(X 1 ), q(X 2 )), independent q(X 1 ∩X 2 ) = q(X 1 ) + q(X 2 ), and nonlinearity enhancement q(X 1 ∩X 2 ) > q(X 1 ) + q(X 2 ) [41]. The specific discrimination method can be found in reference [27]. ...
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... Generally, the total concentration of NACs in the winter of 2018 in coastal Qingdao was comparable or even higher than those measured in winter in rural and urban sites, apart from rural Dezhou (299 ng/m 3 ) ( Salvador et al., 2021 ) which was influenced by intense biomass burning and was determined with more nitro-aromatic compounds (16 species). However, it was lower in coastal Qingdao in the winter of 2019 than the previous measured values in urban Xi'an (48.89 ng/m 3 ) ( Yuan et al., 2021 ), urban Beijing (69.6 ng/m 3 ) , urban Shanghai (48.76 ng/m 3 ) ( Cai et al., 2022 ), urban Jinan (44.54 ng/m 3 ) ( Wang et al., 2018 ), and urban Ljubljana (116.10 ng/m 3 ) ( Kitanovski et al., 2012 ), and was similar to those in urban Leipzig (16.28 ng/m 3 ), rural Melpitz (12.07 ng/m 3 ) ( Teich et al., 2017 ), and rural Detling (18.72 ng/ m 3 ) ( Mohr et al., 2013 ). Overall, high levels of nitro-aromatic compounds could appear in coastal Qingdao in cold season in some years. ...
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... Remote sensing data of ocean color collected by satellites are used to construct various ocean environmental products such as chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL) [1][2][3], total suspended sediment (TSS) [4][5][6], and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption [7][8][9]. Therefore, such data have been widely employed to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of coastal and open seas monitoring [10]. ...
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... The major emission sources of NMHCs in the atmosphere highly depend on the emission profiles of the locations. Typically, around 20%-35% of NMHCs emissions are from vehicular exhaust (Pandit et al., 2011;Peng et al., 2023), while the next biggest contributing sources come from refinery with 15-25% and industries with high solvent usages such as petrochemical, plastics, paints and semiconductors which may account for 10-20% of the total NMHCs emission (Choi et al., 2010;Jia et al., 2016;Li et al., 2019;Kumar et al., 2020). ...
... This is smaller than that of volume concentration of coarse mode when AOD was 0.6 and 3.0 times smaller when AOD was 1.47 during the dust episodes. This indicates that the local aerosol sources (such as wind derived soil dust, biomass burning, industrial pollution, and vehicular emissions) can be seen to have contributed to an increase in aerosol concentrations over urban Beijing in springtime (Xia et al. 2006;Wang et al. 2010). Further, it was observed that the aerosol VSD showed a mono-modal structure dominated with the coarse modes relative to fine mode on major dust days during 2001-2014 over Beijing (Fig. 4c). ...
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