Thomas E. Drabek's research while affiliated with University of Denver and other places

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Publications (83)


Trapped: Expanding Student Understanding of Multiorganizational Coordination through the Use of Fiction
  • Article

January 2023

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3 Reads

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

Thomas E. Drabek

While professors in other sub-fields of sociology occasionally have incorporated fictional works into their courses, rarely, if at all, has this been attempted in disaster and hazard studies. This paper is a summary of one such effort including both the rationale and approach. Following discussion of context, a case example of an original fictional story is described including its origins and method of analysis. The story is rooted in an actual disaster and based on data obtained shortly afterwards. This approach provides both links to the humanities and greater depth of student understanding of core concepts, like multiorganizational coordination which is used in this case example. Through this strategy students enhance their ability to empathize with disaster responders and victims who too often are trapped in social structures that result in failure.

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Pattern Differences in Disaster-Induced Employee Evacuations

January 2023

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7 Reads

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9 Citations

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

When people are at work and they learn that disaster is imminent, what are their responses ? To what degree are there pattern differences in their response profiles because of event variations or structural features of the business firm for which they work? Interviews with employees (n = 406) of 118 businesses impacted by one of seven different recent disasters provide the first answers to these questions. While there were many interdependencies among three areas of constraint, analyses documented that many, but not all, aspects of employee evacuation behavior were patterned significantly by: (1) length of forewarning; (2) organizational size; and (3) organizational mission.


Alternative Patterns Op Decision-making in Emergent Disaster Response Networks

January 2023

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29 Reads

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23 Citations

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

Data are presonted which depict the pattern of decision-making in seven emergent mulitorganizational networks (EMONS). These EMONS were the emergency response systems through which most search am’ rescue (SAR) activities were accomplished in one remote area mission and six natural disaster settings, including the 1979 Wichita Falls tornado, Hurricane Frederic (1979), and the eruption of Mount St. Helens (1980). Discussion of results focussed on key structuring factors, i.e., why did these EMONS assume these particular shapes; performance implications; and policy implications. The major conclusion is that a new theoretical foundation for emergency management is required which is rooted in a locally focused perspective which reflects an imagery of loosely coupled systems whose degrees of interdependency undergo episodic, but very temporary, change.




Disasters are Nonroutine Social Problems

January 2023

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47 Reads

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17 Citations

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

The United Nations proclaimed the 1990s as the International Decade for Disaster Reduction. This proclamation, and the activities it generates, highlights the necessity of exploring the conceptualization of disasters. We propose that disasters are best conceptualized as nonroutine social problems: social problems because they involve conjunctions of historical conditions and social definitions; nonroutine because they usually are ignored by the public until articulated as dramatic events. We begin by linking the origins of disaster research to social problems theory and, in particular, the functionalist tradition. We explicate how functionalism has provided the implicit assumptions for most sociologically focussed disaster studies, but not an analytical treatment of disasters as social problems. Rather that treatment has been stimulated by the social constructionist tradition within social problems theory. We propose that social constructionism informs rather than undermines the conceptualization of disasters as nonroutine social problems.


Revisiting the Disaster Encyclopedia

January 2023

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15 Reads

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11 Citations

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

Over a decade has passed since the publication of Human System Responses to Disaster (Drabek 1986) in which findings from nearly 1,000 sociological studies were inventoried. This work, referred to by some as “the disaster encyclopedia, “ is revisited in this essay through the exploration of three topics: (1) discussion of the origins of this essay and its structuring influences; (2) aspects of the inventory that should be retained; and (3) recommended areas of change.





Citations (38)


... Studies analysing official recommendations for earthquakes in Europe seem to be absent from the literature, except for the study by Pereira et al. (2023). Knowledge of these recommendations can increase the understanding of risk communication messages, household preparedness, and response (Drabek, 1999;Paton et al., 2010), and the connection between research and policy in this regard. ...

Reference:

Earthquake recommendations in Europe: Types and diversity
Revisiting the Disaster Encyclopedia
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

... Wildavsky ve Dake'in 1990 yılında gerçekleştirdiği çalışmada ise kültürel önyargıların, risk algılarını ve risk alma tercihlerini güçlü bir biçimde etkilendiği öne sürülmüştür. Afetleri makro düzeyde toplumsal olarak bir olgu olarak kabul ederek afetlerin kültürel olarak türetildiği ve koşullandırıldığına yönelik görüşler de bulunmaktadır (Porfiriev, 1995;Kreps & Drabek, 1996). Dahası birçok kültürde doğa kökenli afetlerin ilahi bir takdire bağlı olarak gerçekleşen kaçınılmaz olaylar olduğu ve teslimiyet gerektirdiğine dair görüşler bulunmaktadır. ...

Disasters are Nonroutine Social Problems
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

... Turning now to the response to emergency situations, this has been a subject of study for many scholars, but Drabek (1983) was one of the first to look at which agencies make up the emergency response networks responding to post-disaster search and rescue demands. From his analysis of a series of disasters of different sizes he concluded that every single incident -big or small -is initially responded to by one particular emergency organisation, which sets in motion an emergent multi-organisational network (Johan M Berlin & Carlström, 2008). ...

Alternative Patterns Op Decision-making in Emergent Disaster Response Networks
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

... Literature addressing evacuation has emphasised the intrinsic characteristics of people who evacuate and those who do not (Baker, 1991;Dow & Cutter, 1998;Drabek, 1999;Fischer, Stine, Stoker, Trowbridge, & Drain, 1993;Paul, 2012;Paul & Routray, 2013), along with impediments during evacuation (Mileti & Sorensen, 1990). Some studies focus on evacuation compliance at the household level along with their decisionmaking process Lindell, Perry, Prater, & Nicholson, 2006;Whitehead et al., 2000). ...

Pattern Differences in Disaster-Induced Employee Evacuations
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

... Different roles or players must carry out the decision's subtasks in order for coordination to occur. Both horizontal and vertical cooperation were necessary for an efficient response to major catastrophes, enabling various forms of cooperation between the federal, state, and local governments (21). This brought us to the work of Bullock et al., who described inter-governmental relations as how various tiers of government coordinated and collaborated, focusing on crossorganizational collaboration for the effective implementation of policy decisions (22). ...

The Sociology of Disaster: Fictional Explorations of Human Experiences
  • Citing Book
  • September 2019

... The proponents of this social perspective contend that the preexisting barriers for PWD to achieve safety are often not addressed in and removed from society and are further exacerbated by the occurrence of disasters. This perspective is in line with the social vulnerability theory of disasters, which claims that disasters have disproportionate impacts on certain groups in society, resulting from cultural, economic, and social processes or factors, and their interactions (Wisner et al. 2004;Tierney 2014;Drabek 2018). Priestley and Hemingway (2007, p. 25) noted that "Just as disability is not the inevitable consequence of physical or cognitive impairment, disaster is not the inevitable consequence of natural hazard." ...

The Human Side of Disaster
  • Citing Book
  • September 2018

... However, Drabek illustrates the theories that may be relevant to disaster management and says that it is important to make distinctions. 3 Drabek and McEntire say that normative, social, behavioral and emergency management, chaos, systems theories, which are frameworks that incorporate a plethora of causative variables, appear to be gaining recognition in disaster management. 1,3 The specific theories that are now being applied to disaster management include the comprehensive emergency management theory, 4 network theory, complexity theory and systems theory among others. ...

Theories relevant to emergency management versus a theory of emergency management
  • Citing Article
  • July 2005

Journal of Emergency Management

... These judgements on the part of responders can seriously impact the larger emergency management system. Jurisdictional emergency managers, planners, and trainers must be seen as credible professionals in the eyes of responders to achieve any level of community protection (Drabek, 1987(Drabek, , 1990. Similarly, to effectively execute their jobs, emergency responders must perceive that their training has been adequate and that their equipment is appropriate to their assigned tasks. ...

Emergency Management
  • Citing Article
  • January 1990

... Much of this messaging occurs during the verification pause while those affected by a disaster are trying to decide on the appropriate action. Early attempts to understand evacuation focus on the warning itself and the belief that warnings are key to protective action/evacuation (Dash & Gladwin, 2007;Drabek, 1986). One approach to understanding the effectiveness of warnings is to look at what message features best initiate action. ...

Springer Series on Environmental Management
  • Citing Article
  • January 1986