Susan S. Hendrick's research while affiliated with Texas Tech University and other places

Publications (77)

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Cambridge Core - Social Psychology - The New Psychology of Love - edited by Robert J. Sternberg
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Pets have a positive influence on humans’ physical and psychological wellbeing, as well as their close relationships. In general, people who hold a positive view of people in turn hold a favorable view of pets. Despite this, previous studies on the relationship between love toward people and love toward pets were inconclusive. In this study, we tak...
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Although factors shaping sibling relationships and the developmental dynamics of such consanguinity have been addressed by various scholars, investigations questioning how the risky behaviors of one sibling, specifically substance abuse, may impact brothers vs. sisters are few. The current study explored a non-substance abusing sibling's reports of...
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The current study assessed how patients’ respect for and perceived respect from their oncologist and health care team were related to their satisfaction with the oncologist and team. A second objective was to adapt measures developed for social sciences research to a medical setting. Some 81 oncology patients completed a questionnaire containing de...
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This paper describes the author's experiences of working with cancer patients/survivors both individually and in support groups for many years, across several settings. It goes on to document current best-practice guidelines for the psychosocial treatment of cancer patients/survivors and their families. The author's view of the important qualities...
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An oncology practicum was developed jointly by a university department of psychology and an outpatient cancer center affiliated with the university's medical school and the area's teaching/county hospital. Beginning in 2004, psychology doctoral students in clinical psychology and counseling psychology and their supervisor have provided services in...
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Respect is conceptualized as one of the fundamental bases of most relationships, particularly close relationships. Respect in close, romantic relationships has been studied only recently (Frei & Shaver, 2002; Hendrick & Hendrick, 2006), and the current paper describes a study designed to build on notions of respect as deeply important in relationsh...
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Respect is conceptualized as one of the fundamental bases of most relationships, particularly close relationships. Respect in close, romantic relationships has been studied only recently (Frei & Shaver, 2002; Hendrick & Hendrick, 2006), and the current paper describes a study designed to build on notions of respect as deeply important in relationsh...
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Addiction in a family is clearly associated with tension, distress, and loss for members of the family. A substance user can destroy family cohesiveness and throw the overall family unit into chaos. Whereas persons who abuse substances and parents of substance abusers have been studied at some length, often ignored are the siblings of substance abu...
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Respect is an important construct that plays a major role in interpersonal relations at the dyadic, family, and group levels. We review the multiple definitions of respect and build a model of respect. On the basis of general developmental family theory, we discuss respect in dyadic romantic relationships and in the family. Cultural aspects of resp...
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Patients with cancer and their families need and deserve psychosocial services as part of their health care. It is critical for cancer service providers to find ways to deliver economically feasible psychosocial care. A small counseling services program was introduced at a regional cancer center affiliated with a medical school and a county hospita...
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In this article, we report on three studies designed to develop the Romantic Partner Conflict Scale (RPCS). In Study 1, items were developed based on existing research and theory. The factor analysis of these items indicated six factors (totaling 39 items): Compromise, Domination, Submission, Separation, Avoidance, and Interactional Reactivity. In...
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Balancing the roles of parent and partner is challenging for most people and may be especially challenging when extra time and effort are required in the parenting role. The current research compared 25 couples whose children have autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with 20 couples whose children do not have developmental disorders. Comparisons were ma...
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We developed a brief rating scale to measure participants’ respect for their romantic partner. Factor analyses (including confirmatory factor analysis) and correlations of Study 1 (N = 257 college participants) data provided initial validation of a 6-item scale entitled the Respect Toward Partner Scale. The scale correlated with several love and se...
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The current article offers an overview of the development of a psychosocial counseling component in a complex outpatient and inpatient oncology treatment setting. Central to the article are the descriptions of the relationships that exist before, during, and after the transitioning of the psychosocial team into the larger treatment team. Also signi...
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The measurement of sexual attitudes is important, and ease of scale usability is one key aspect of measurement. This paper details three studies conducted to develop a briefer and thus more efficient version of the multidimensional Sexual Attitudes Scale (43 items). The first two studies (I and II) employed existing data sets to develop a 23-item v...
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This response to C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott's innovative proposals for training (this issue, pp. 1033-1054) highlights areas of agreement with the authors as well as encourages greater attention to several issues. These include counseling psychology and its historical emphasis on wellness, mentoring training for current faculty as well as graduat...
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This study explored the current status of sexual standards for dating relationships. A sample of 148 male and 148 female U.S. college students read a brief vignette describing a couple, Bob and Cathy, who were involved in either a causal or serious romantic/sexual relationship. Subjects then completed several scales as they thought Bob or Cathy wou...
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One's attitudes toward love and sexuality are influenced by many factors, including gender. To explore the role of gender (and other variables) in participants' attitudinal orientations toward love and sexuality, data were collected in the United States at three time points (1988, 1992, 1993), resulting in a total sample of 1,090 participants. Data...
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Self-disclosure is an act of intimacy and serves as a maintenance strategy, and yet very little prior research has examined self-disclosure within relationships with data collected multiple times over an extended period of time and from both partners. With longitudinal data collected from both partners in young adult dating couples, we examined how...
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Associations between the personality variables of the five-factor model and close relationship variables (love styles, relationship satisfaction, and intimacy) were explored. Participants (N=196) from committed relationships were administered the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, the Love Attitudes Scale-Short Form, the Relationship Assessment Sca...
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This article describes the relatively new field of close relationships research, offering a representative list of topics studied by relationship researchers. Some of the common interests shared by both close relationships researchers and couple and family therapists are described, with the shared emphasis on relationships as an anchor for both fie...
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Infidelity can be a traumatic occurrence in a relationship. People tend to believe that sexual behavior should be exclusive to a romantic relationship but are less certain about which types of nonsexual behaviors are acceptable in other relationships. The Relationship Issues Scale (RIS) was developed to explore attitudes/values and expectations/beh...
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Therapists may be confronted with clients whose sexual values and behaviors are different from their own. To understand more about therapists' sexual values and how these values may affect therapy, the current study assessed therapists' sexual values for both themselves and their clients in the areas of premarital, casual, and extramarital sex, ope...
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Therapists may be confronted with clients whose sexual values and behaviors are different from their own. To understand more about therapists' sexual values and how these values may affect therapy, the current study assessed therapists' sexual values for both themselves and their clients in the areas of premarital, casual, and extramarital sex, ope...
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Pilot work and three studies detail the development of the `Perceptions of Love and Sex Scale,' a measure of how people view the link between love and sex in their romantic relationships. College students generated descriptive responses to a query about the connections between love and sex in their romantic relationships. Twenty-seven themes were d...
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A particularly poignant type of loss may be experienced by persons involved in intimate relationships in which a partner is sexually or emotionally unfaithful. As a means of exploring women's and men's perceptions about and personal experiences of unfaithfulness, approximately 140 participants completed a lengthy questionnaire relevant to close rel...
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The present research explored the importance of several communication-related variables, including perspective-taking, self-disclosure, conflict tactics and relational competence, as well as love attitudes, in the prediction of relationship satisfaction. Some 140 dating couples completed several measures, including assessments of self as well as th...
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The Love Attitudes Scale (LAS) is a well-standardized measure of six of Lee's (1973) love styles. The LAS has six sub-scales, each with seven items. Several researchers have selected subsets of the items to create very brief versions of the LAS; however, no brief version has been fully validated. To satisfy the need for brief love scales, we select...
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This paper offers new information on the reliability and validity of the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS; Hendrick, 1988), a seven-item generic measure of relationship satisfaction. The RAS shows moderate to high correlations with measures of marital satisfaction, good test-retest reliability and consistent measurement properties across samples...
Chapter
This chapter discusses the effective communication of liking and loving, in situations ranging from initial encounters to long-term relationships. Liking and loving play a central role in the day-to-day lives of every person who has or desires a close relationship with another person. Liking for another person begins in initial interactions and dev...
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Aspects of intimacy and satisfaction were explored for a volunteer sample of 54 Mexican American (classified as either Hispanic-oriented or bicultural) and 30 Anglo-American married couples. Data were collected by questionnaire through network sampling. Measures included the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans, a background inventory,...
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The research area of close relationships has developed largely over the past decade and shares many of counseling psychology's values, including a focus on relatively normal human behavior, interest in people's strengths and positive qualities, and a recognition of the importance of person-environment interaction. Close relationships research inclu...
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Parents may influence their children's relationship development by their own attitudes toward relationships, by the parent-child relationship, and by the parental relationship. The current research explored parent-child love attitude similarity in 86 triads composed of young adult children and their parents. Measures assessed demographics, love att...
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Account-making has generated considerable interest among relationship researchers and was employed in the present research. In Study 1, 41 college student participants generated freeform accounts of a romantic love relationship. When coded for love themes, based on Lee's (1973) six love styles, the most frequent theme was Storge (friendship-love)....
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Shows how theory and research on personal relationships can increase understanding of the therapy relationship. The article focuses on a social exchange approach to satisfaction and commitment to therapy, responsiveness in the therapy relationship, and the development of the therapy relationship (gradual or accelerated). By examining how therapy is...
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Estimated rates of childhood sexual abuse vary depending on the population studied, the definition used, and the researchers' methodology. A major issue concerns whether it is necessary to query persons, such as therapy clients, regarding prior sexual abuse or whether disclosure of such information will occur spontaneously in therapy. The present r...
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The current study explored theories proposing relationship difficulties in women with eating disorder characteristics. Results for the sample of 232 women (82% White-non-Hispanic, 12% White-Hispanic, 4% Black, 2% Oriental and other) indicated that eating disorder characteristics were most consistently positively related to a possessive and game-pla...
Chapter
The task of this chapter is twofold. First, the chapter attempts to provide a methodological anchor for the volume by articulating some of the myriad ways in which reseachers approach the study of close relationships, particularly relationship loss. Some of the methods discussed in the chapter are presented in the topical research discussions in ot...
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Examined variables related to contraception that could be addressed during contraceptive counseling to help people decide about the most effective contraceptive method within the context of an intimate relationship. The research took into account 2 models of effective contraceptive behavior: P. M. Rains's (1971) model emphasizing interpersonal vari...
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Previous work (Hendrick & Hendrick, 1989) assessed several current theories of love, finding that the various measures could be reduced to five independent love dimensions. The present study used the previous data set to form five generic love attitude scales, named Passion, Closeness, Attachment, Manic Love, and Practicality. A general evolutionar...
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The present study explored the relationships between individuals' personal construct systems regarding romantic relationships and their love styles. One hundred subjects (50 male and 50 female) completed a questionnaire containing the Love Attitudes Scale and were also administered George Kelly's repertory technique, which was used to evaluate subj...
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Explored the amounts and types of counselor disclosures desired by 24 Ss seeking counseling at an outpatient clinic and by 24 undergraduates. Ss completed the Counselor Disclosure Scale, described by S. S. Hendrick (see record 1988-33781-001). Ss seeking counseling were similar to undergraduates in the disclosure they desired from a counselor and...
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Assessed 5 measures of love: the Love Attitudes Scale, the Triangular Theory of Love Scale, the Passionate Love Scale, the Relationship Rating Form, and a measure of love and attachment (Shaver & Hazan, 1987). The measures were given to 391 unmarried college students. Correlations revealed predictable relations among the subscales; however, psychom...
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Fifty-seven dating couples were studied on a variety of relationship measures. The interrelations among love attitudes and relationship satisfaction were of primary interest. However, for one subsample of couples, sexual attitudes, self-esteem, self-disclosure, commitment, investment, and relationship continuation/termination were also studied. Par...
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Self-disclosure in the counseling-therapy relationship has been an important area of research and study, with considerable emphasis placed on counselor self-disclosure. This study was initiated to explore further the phenomenon of counselor-therapist disclosure through direct assessment of potential clients' desires for disclosure and through devel...
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It was proposed that people falling in love differ from people not in love on a variety of variables, viewing the world more positively, such that `lovers wear rose colored glasses'. This proposal was tested in two studies. In the first study, 235 college students completed a questionnaire battery. About half of the students were currently in love...
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The variety of interpersonal relationships in contemporary society necessitates the development of brief, reliable measures of satisfaction that are applicable to many types of close relationships. This article describes the development of such a measure. In Study I, the 7-item Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) was administered to 125 subjects wh...
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In four studies, we used the Sexual Attitudes Scale, a new multidimensional instrument, and (a) concluded final construction of the scale, (b) assessed the relationships between the scale and three criterion measures, and (c) provided initial construct validation of the instrument through demonstrated relationships with several relevant psychosocia...
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Previous work has linked religious belief to sexual attitudes. The present research explored an uncharted area—the relationship between conceptions of love and religious belief—but also included the relationship between sex attitudes and religious belief for comparative purposes. In Study 1, college students (n =807) completed a questionnaire on at...
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Love and sexuality are phenomena of central importance to certain types of intimate relationships. Although love has been a mainstream relationship variable in research, sexuality has often been explored only peripherally within a relationship context. Based on previous findings and using newly developed measures of love attitudes, sexual attitudes...
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One theory of love (J. A. Lee, The Colors of Love: An Exploration of the Ways of Loving, Don Mills, Ontario: New Press, 1973) assumes at least six different attitudinal orientations toward love. Based on Lee's approach, recent research (e.g., C. Hendrick & S. Hendrick, A Theory and Method of Love, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986,...
Chapter
Why the title ???Counseling and Self-Disclosure???? One may well question the need to have chapters on counseling and self-disclosure as well as on psychotherapy and self-disclosure; after all, are they not the same thing? Has not all the information contained in this chapter already been presented in preceding chapters? To provide the raison d????...
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Previous work by the authors and colleagues (1984) extended J. A. Lee's (1973/1976) theory of 6 basic love styles: eros (passionate love); ludus (game-playing love); storge (friendship love); pragma (logical, "shopping list" love); mania (possessive, dependent love); and agape (all-giving, selfless love). In Study 1, 807 undergraduates completed a...
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Developed a 102-item sexual attitudes questionnaire that was completed by 439 female and 374 male undergraduates as part of a larger attitude study. Factor analyses yielded 8 factors on which 74 of the 102 items loaded. ANOVA of the individual items showed that female and male Ss differed on 73 of the 102 items. Females were more responsible, conve...
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Examined the effect of self-disclosure on marital satisfaction in couples and also introduced attitude similarity as a possible predictor of marital satisfaction. 51 couples (mean age 30.6 yrs) completed 5 test instruments, including a self-disclosure scale, 2 marriage satisfaction scales, an attitude survey, and a demographic questionnaire. Result...

Citations

... R. House, 2018;Kohne et al., 2019;Neumann, 2008), and how we behave (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004;Latané, 1981). As such, understanding and measuring social relationships, from parent-child interactions (Funamoto & Rinaldi, 2015;Kerns et al., 2000;Peisah et al., 1999;Saunders & Schuchts, 1987) to romantic relationships (Hendrick & Hendrick, 2003;Langeslag et al., 2013;Overbeek et al., 2007;Rubin, 1970;Sternberg et al., 2006) and friendships (Hawthorne & Griffith, 2000;Helmi et al., 2017;Nielsen et al., 2000;Sharabany, 1994), or larger social networks including colleagues and acquaintances (de la Haye et al., 2010;Moore, 1990;Rosenquist et al., 2010;Ueno, 2005;Zagenczyk et al., 2013), has always been a key area of psychology and related disciplines. Over the past decades, a large variety of methods have been used to measure social interactions and communication in social relationships, each with their own unique advantages and disadvantages. ...
... Upon learning about infidelity in one's relationship, the core, tacit assumptions one holds about themselves and their relationship quickly transform. Feelings of disillusionment (Negash et al., 2014), worthlessness, betrayal, loss, fear, and anger (Boekhout, Hendrick, & Hendrick, 2000) may trigger thoughts such as "Who is this person I've been with for so long?"; "Have they ever actually loved me?"; "How did I not see this coming?"; "Were they ever actually honest with me?"; "Was what we had a farce all along?"; and "Who am I to this person?" ...
... Conflicts associated with COVID-19-related stressors were exacerbated by lockdown measures for couples who suddenly experienced a significant increase in time spent together (Estlein, Gewirtz-Meydan, and Opuda 2022). On the other hand, lockdown measures and uncertainty about the pandemic may have provided an opportunity for couples to reconnect and focus on their relationships (Hendrick and Hendrick 2020). Much COVID-19 and relationship research has involved cohabitating couples in the Global North, with less attention given to the impact of COVID-19 on relationships between young people in the Global South (Luetke et al. 2020;Mazza et al. 2020;Pieh et al. 2020;Roesch et al. 2020;Eder et al. 2021). ...
... The present study extends the two previous studies by examining self-estimated gen der differences of two love theories, the passionate and companionate love theory, and the triangular theory of love (Hatfield & Walster, 1978;Sternberg & Weis, 2006). In nearly all cultural contexts, individuals differentiate between passionate love and companionate love (Hatfield & Rapson, 2005). ...
... Some work has found people report more secure relationships with pets than romantic partners (Beck and Madresh, 2008), while other work has found that people who exhibit insecure attachments to romantic partners in turn exhibit insecure attachments to pets (Zilcha-Mano et al., 2011). Past work found that attitudes toward romantic partners and pets were similar (Guthrie et al., 2018). Specifically, an erotic (traditional, idealistic love) human-human love attitude was linked to the endorsement of favorable pet attitudes, while a ludic (game-playing love) human-human love style was associated with the endorsement of unfavorable pet attitudes. ...
... Se diseñó un instrumento sociodemográfico que consistió en realizar preguntas orientadas a conocer el perfil de los y las participantes del estudio, incluyendo: edad, sexo, estado civil y nivel socioeconómico. A su vez, para evaluar la satisfacción en las relaciones románticas, se empleó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Relación (RAS), creada por S. Hendrick (Hendrick y Hendrick, 1992), la cual tiene una estructura unidimensional. Se usó de la traducción al español de Moral (2008) derivada del método de traducción reversa, en un estudio realizado en México, sin las modificaciones que se introdujeron para hacer que la escala fuese más específica a la relación marital al estudio publicado; la consistencia interna fue un alfa de Cronbach de .86 ...
... This article investigates bereaved siblings' meaning-making stories about the drug-related death of their brother or sister. Bereaved siblings are often referred to as a 'forgotten group' (Bowman et al., 2014;Smith-Genthôs et al., 2017) because of the lack of research focusing upon them (Løberg et al., 2022;Templeton et al., 2018). Losing a sibling to sudden or unnatural death is a life crisis that can present an increased risk of early death (Rostila et al., 2012;Yu et al., 2017) and mental health challenges (Bolton et al., 2016;Rostila et al., 2019). ...
... Research indicates core beliefs can create biases that skew components of clinical practice. For example, Ford and Hendrick (2003) surveyed psychotherapists regarding their client population preferences. In general, men of Catholic or Protestant backgrounds and those who identified as politically conservative, reported being more uncomfortable working with clients involved in extra-marital or same-sex relationships. ...
... Altruistic love, centered on selflessness and concern for the partner's well-being, may protect against cheating. However, unrealistic expectations stemming from excessive self-sacrifice could contribute to dissatisfaction and infidelity (Hendrick & Hendrick, 2006). ...
... As such, clinicians need a more coherent understanding of the impact of CSD on their clients so that they can use this technique, if and when therapeutically appropriate, with greater confidence. Unfortunately, very few published reviews of the literature on CSD exist; those that have explored CSD are narrative reviews (e.g., Cozby, 1973;Hendrick, 1987;Henretty & Levitt, 2010;Hill & Knox, 2001;Watkins, 1990), most of which offer support for the use of CSD while acknowledging the lack of a coherent understanding of its effects. ...