Shubhada Girish Vengurlekar's research while affiliated with NOCIL LIMITED and other places

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a major cause of global mortality and morbidity. It exposes the body to many harmful substances, such as cytotoxic, carcinogenic and free radicals, that can damage various organs. This study aims to investigate the effects of different levels of tobacco exposure on liver tissue, by measuring some serum biochemical markers of liver function. Materials and Methods: The project conducted at T.N.M.C Mumbai from January to December 2021 involved 60 male participants (18–35 years old), divided into smokers (30) and non-smokers (30). Smokers had varying smoking durations (1-5 years). Excluded participants with diseases affecting liver enzymes. Groups were age-matched for analysis. Smokers defined as those smoking >20 cigarettes daily for >1 month. Collected 5.0 ml venous blood, processed in heparinized tubes, and centrifuged for plasma separation. Enzymes SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin were measured, and statistical analysis revealed significant differences. Results: In the study, age comparison between smokers and non-smokers showed no significant difference (p = 0.71). However, smokers exhibited significantly higher mean serum concentrations of SGOT and SGPT compared to non-smokers (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Smokers also had elevated levels of ALP and total bilirubin with mean differences of 16.3 IU/L and 0.392 mg/dl, supported by 95% confidence intervals (6.72, 26.18) and (0.28, 0.504) and p values of 0.003 and 0.0004, respectively. No significant difference was observed in direct bilirubin levels (mean difference: 0.084 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.065, 0.103, p = 0.191) Conclusion: In summary, the study suggests a correlation between smoking and elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and damage markers, indicating a potential adverse impact on liver function and increased susceptibility to liver diseases.

Background: Age-related cataracts (ARC) are a common cause of vision impairment in older adults. Previous studies have suggested that abnormal Lipid profile and oxidative stress may contribute to the development and progression of ARC. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the serum Lipid profile levels in patients with ARC and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study involving 50 patients with ARC and 50 age and gender-matched controls. Serum Lipid profile levels were measured using standard methods. The data were analyzed using t-test. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the mean serum level of HDL Cholesterol was significantly lower in the ARC group than in the control group, while the mean serum level of triglyceride was significantly higher in the ARC group than in the control group. Conclusion: This study indicates that altered lipid profile may be a risk factor for ARC.

Introduction: In Mumbai, an overpopulated metropolis with tropical conditions, malaria poses a persistent challenge, particularly in damp slum areas. Despite reported declines in death and incidence rates, the city faces a significant burden. Our project focuses on an unusual aspect: a heightened incidence among males, especially during sporadic monsoon outbreaks and in areas undergoing extensive redevelopment. Through an epidemiological survey of infected populations in municipal clinics, supported by microscopic, hematological, and microbiological evidence, we aim to provide insights into this atypical pattern. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, partly retrospective study was designed with participants being sourced from regional slums and chawls, during the immediately preceding three-year period of project completion. Patients attending OPDs were randomly selected from amongst those with febrile symptoms related to malarial disease and tested. Symptomatic individuals were tested for malaria microscopically using peripheral blood smear (PBS) and confirmed by employing the malaria antigen test (RMAT). Blood urea by enzymatic method and serum creatinine by Jaffes method. Results: Out of 1651 participants, 8.18% were malaria-positive, predominantly males (87.41%). P. vivax was the main parasite (87.41%), followed by P. falciparum (6.67%) and mixed infections (5.93%). ANOVA revealed significant RBC count differences (F = 6.32, p = 0.003). Tukey's HSD test showed P. vivax patients had higher RBC counts than mixed infection (p = 0.002), while P. falciparum counts were similar to P. vivax (p = 0.089) but higher than mixed infection (p = 0.014). Predominance of P. vivax emphasizes its impact on RBC counts and diagnostic complexities. The p values indicate that for all parameters, except serum creatinine in males, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean values between the malaria positive and negative groups Conclusion: This study highlights high malaria prevalence in urban India, with males more susceptible, possibly due to increased mosquito exposure. P. vivax is predominant, aligning with national data, emphasizing the need for tailored control measures. Surprisingly, P. vivax is associated with higher RBC counts than P. falciparum or mixed infection, suggesting differences in erythrocytic cycles. These findings have critical implications for regional malaria management, prompting further research into underlying mechanisms.

Background: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed at 24-28 weeks gestation is the current recommended method to the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Many recent studies investigating glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in detecting GDM yield different results. There are no published data on HbA1c in the diagnosis of GDM in India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at T.N.M.C. Mumbai during the period from January to June 2021 to assess the reliability of HbA1c in the diagnosis of GDM. Results: We included 397 pregnant females. The age range of the patients was 18 to 35 years, with a mean of 24.57±11.10 years. The mean fasting blood glucose level was 129.73 mg/dl and the mean 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose level was 188.21 mg/dl. The difference between the two was statistically significant. The Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) between fasting blood glucose and HbA1c was 0.610 (p<0.05) and between postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c was 0.683 (p<0.05). Scatter plots of FBG and 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose with HbA1C shows a positive correlation. Conclusions: This study showed that 2 hours after 75 g oral glucose had a better correlation with HbA1c than fasting blood glucose level. In the absence of HbA1c facility or unreliable HbA1c report, postprandial blood glucose can be a surrogate marker of HbA1c for management and monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus, but a larger study is needed to confirm this finding.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the association between cord blood lipid levels and neonatal birth weight. Study Design: Hospital based prospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Government medical College Nagpur, a tertiary care hospital that provides maternal and child health services between June 2011 to March 2013 Methodology: We enrolled 200 healthy pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics in our hospital. We collected 5 mL of cord blood from the umbilical vein and measured the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol using spectrophotometric methods. We calculated LDL cholesterol using Friedewald’s formula, and we measured anthropometric parameters using standard methods. Results: Neonates with SGA had significantly lower birth weight (2.24 ± 0.3 vs 2.83 ± 0.4; P < 0.01), head circumference (31.5 ± 1.5 vs 33.4 ± 1.8; P < 0.04), recumbent length (51.2 ± 0.3 vs 53.6 ± 0.2; P < 0.04), and Ponderal Index (2.24 ± 0.5 vs 2.35 ± 0.2; P < 0.03) than AGA babies. The cord blood lipid profile levels were also significantly lower (P < 0.001) in AGA than SGA babies. There was a positive correlation between birth weight and total cholesterol (r = 0.31; P < 0.001) and triglycerides (r = 0.46; P < 0.001), and a small positive correlation between birth weight and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.157; P = 0.013). Conclusion: SGA babies had significantly higher cord blood lipid profile levels than AGA babies. The lipid profile of umbilical cord blood is related to the fetal nutritional status and growth and development. This may have implications for the prevention and management of low birth weight and its associated complications

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a known global burden involving costly diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, is rampant in urban Indian localities. This study attempts to characterize a subset of proven CKD patients attending out-patient municipal clinics and dispensaries in Mumbai, with an emphasis on the post-COVID scenario. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study was executed in 60 such subjects along with an appropriate number of normal, healthy controls, who were routinely monitored i) up to March 2020, and ii) post-April 2022, the intervening period overlapping with extremely poor and even negligible patient attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic. CKD was estimated by its two most often utilized surrogate markers, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Amongst the participants, we observed slightly increased values in the aforesaid biomarkers, the underlying aetiology of which has not, to our knowledge, been studied in detail. We recommend comprehensive additional studies in order to corroborate our findings.