Shuang Liang's research while affiliated with Chinese Academy of Sciences and other places

... [4,5] In recent years, hydrogen therapy was widely utilized in the development of novel nanomedicine anti-tumor strategies. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, these therapeutic strategies mainly focused on cancer cells themselves while comprehensive therapeutic effects of hydrogen gas on the TME left to be elucidated. ...

... Thus, it is urgent that we develop a multi-responsive nanoplatform for multimodal therapy, which can enhance the efficiency of CDT by exploiting the properties of the TME, while simultaneously avoiding damage to the normal cells. Based on this, several strategies have been exploited with promising therapeutic results: (1) the design of nanoplatforms with the capacity for GSH-depletion to amplify the oxidative stress of the TME [17,18]; (2) the development of nanoplatforms to enhance the catalytic performance using an external stimulus (e.g., heat, light, and microwave) [19,20]; and (3) the construction of nanoplatforms with multi-catalytic capabilities [21,22]. Despite the continuous progress of nanotechnology, with a great deal of multi-responsive nanoplatforms having been developed, designing and synthesizing nanodrug delivery systems responsive to the TME remains challenging [18]. ...

... Unlike light waves, low-frequency and low-intensity US may have limited ability to damage tumor cells, damaging only a small fraction. Because acoustic sensitizers in tumor tissues are activated by US irradiation, jumping from the ground state to the excited state and generating highly cytotoxic ROS [5][6][7], increasing ROS production can improve the efficiency of SDT [8]. Therefore, US-mediated SDT can kill many tumor cells in the presence of acoustic sensitizers. ...

... For example, a novel nanocomposite with hyaluronic acid-modified calcium and copper peroxides effectively targets tumors. It releases calcium, copper, and H 2 O 2 in tumor environments, triggering hydroxyl radical production and increasing oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial damage [116]. Notably, a nanoplatform, incorporating molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes and hyperbranched polyglycerol, effectively targets and delivers PDT agents to both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, significantly enhancing cellular uptake in resistant cells. ...

... For example, (C 6 N 2 H 16 Cl) 2 SnCl 6 (C 6 N 2 H 16 Cl = 2,6-dimethylpiperazine chloride) exhibits blue emission from STEs [34], while (4-APEA) 2 SnBr 6 (4-APEA = 2-(4-aminophenyl) ethylammonium) provides yellow emission [35]. Sb 3+ doped (C 10 H 16 N 2 )SnCl 6 (C 10 H 16 N 2 = 1-phenylpiperazine) induces ultra-broadband emission (400-900 nm) with 77% photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) [36]. However, most of the organic cation in A 2 SnX 6 is protonated. ...

... It is broken down in the acidic tumour microenvironment and releases CO 2 -g-C 3 N 4 -Au (CA). When laser light irritated, CO 2 was turned into CO, allowing CO to be released under light control [68]. This made CO less harmful to normal cells and led to ROS growth and mitochondria destruction in the tumour cells, which led to ICD in the end. ...

... The melting point of metallic vanadium is 1910 • C, and it can form an oxide with diverse oxidation states (from +II to +V) and different crystal structures [106]. The polyvalent state of the transition metal vanadium forwards its Fenton-like catalytic capacity, and many nanoplatforms based on vanadium have been reported [107][108][109][110][111]. A two-dimensional nanosheet containing VV has been synthesized, in which VV could produce ·OH and trigger apoptosis in human breast cancer cells [111]. ...

... Simultaneously, MnPcS produces a large amount of 1 O 2 under US irradiation, effectively inhibiting tumor growth. Yuan et al. [72] constructed O 2 @Hb@ZIF-8 (OHZ) nanoparticles formed from ZIF-8 encapsulated Hb, which not only provided abundant O 2 for US-induced ROS generation, but also showed excellent biocompatibility, as evidenced by cell viability evaluation and imagine (H&E) of major organs. ZIF-8 was used as a drug carrier for improving the Hb packaging rate, achieving pHresponsive Hb/O 2 release, generating a large amount of O 2 in the acidic TME, and relieving tumor hypoxia, thereby providing a source of O 2 for US-triggered ROS generation. ...

... Gas therapy, emerging as a novel treatment strategy, is currently garnering significant attention. By leveraging the physical and chemical properties of nanoplatforms, which generate therapeutic gases like hydrogen (H2) [1,2], sulfur dioxide (SO2) [3,4], hydrogen sulfide (H2S) [5,6], and nitric oxide (NO) [7][8][9] through prodrug activation and donation, gas therapy demonstrates promise in modulating the physiological and chemical conditions to treat various diseases, such as inflammation, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, and cancer [10][11][12]. In tumor therapy, nanoplatforms that generate SO2 within tumors can effectively address tumor heterogeneity, leading to tumor eradication. ...

... To date, the most prevalent modality of UCNPs is still the conventional Yb-A (where A refers to Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Ho 3+ )coupled 980-nm-responsive nanosystems [26,27]. In such nanosystems, the sole excited state ( 2 F 5/2 ) of the Yb 3+ donor can match well with the intermediate metastable levels of acceptors (Er 3+ : 4 I 11/2 , Tm 3+ : 3 H 5 , and Ho 3+ : 5 I 6 ) with minor energy mismatching, resulting in an efficient energy transfer from Yb 3+ to the acceptor ions and ultimately, efficient UCL [28][29][30]. ...