S Kaptoge's research while affiliated with University of Cambridge and other places

... With the change of lifestyle, diabetes mellitus has become one of the most important diseases affecting people's lives. 1 Studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes mellitus. 2 The number of persons with T2DM are far higher in China than in any other country. ...

... For example, innovative digital health interventions can be an effective strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk, 22 clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential links to an increased risk of CVD due to the role of inflammasomes, 23 polygenic risk scores-triaged coronary artery calcium score for subclinical coronary artery disease. 24 In fact, moderate and severe chronic kidney disease measures may improve CVD risk prediction, 25 and CVD events (such as AF, HF, and stroke) strongly and independently associate with future risk of kidney failure with replacement therapy. 26 As a potential means for CVD risk stratification, artificial intelligence-based ocular image analysis 27 contributes to the identification and prediction of CVD risks and events. ...

... The original data of our study was from public datasets. Summarized GWAS data for TL (ieu-b-4879) 23 , hypertension (ukb-b-12493), and BMI (ukb-b-2303) were downloaded via the MRC-IEU OpenGWAS database (https:// gwas. mrcieu. ...

... age as time in addition to event status). In contrast, logistic regression showed greater statistical power in the case-cohort setting (14), but it also tended to produce inflated effect estimates, especially for genetic variants with a more pronounced impact on the disease. In the case-cohort design, a random sub-cohort is drawn from the initial cohort, which includes cases at the same event occurrence prevalence, and all other cases outside the subsample (15). ...

... [51][52][53] Previous research across European, South Asian, and East Asian populations has identified five functional variants including four loss of function variants resulting in up to 64% lower levels of Lp-PLA 2 activity. 54 In addition, past studies have not excluded participants who are consuming medications known to lower Lp-PLA 2 levels such as statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, PCSK9 inhibitors, hormone replacement therapy, niacin or orlistat, [55][56][57][58] or dietary supplements such as fish oils and omega-3 fatty acids. 59,60 To date, no study has examined the relationship between these two novel markers and traditional risk factors in a western population where strict exclusion criteria were applied. ...

... This SNP, located in the 3' untranslated region of the serine/ threonine-protein kinase gene TAOK2, has a CADD score of 18.16, suggesting deleteriousness, and a RegulomeDB score of 1f (eQTL + transcription factor binding/DNase peak), suggesting that this SNP is likely to affect transcription factor binding and linked to expression of a gene target. Furthermore, rs9924686 is an eQTL for several genes, including genes associated with metabolic and immunological traits [56,57] (YPEL3 and INO80E in adipose tissue and several brain tissues) and alcohol intake [57,58] (PPP4C and MVP in cultured cell fibroblasts). ...

... A total of 35,144 patients with AAA and 2,572,386 controls were investigated independently in 16 studies [20,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Many studies had overlapping cohorts by using the same datasets to conduct analyses on their respective causal risk factors, with the most common overlaps occurring with the UK biobank (9 studies) [23,27-2 9,31,34,36-38] and the Utrecht Netherlands dataset (4 studies) [20,25,32,33]. ...

... [3]. Parallel outcomes have been reported from transplant of other organs and different patient groups in varied health models [4,5]. ...

... Lipoprotein- associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) is an enzyme produced by inflammatory cells which is believed to contribute to atherogenesis in humans [2]. Numerous epidemiologic studies suggest that high levels of circulating Lp-PLA 2 are associated with cardiovascular events and stroke [3][4][5]. In the Rotterdam case-cohort study, high Lp-PLA 2 activity was also independently associated with the risk of developing dementia (HR = 1.56 for highest quartile relative to lowest; 95% CI 1.03-2.37); ...

... In addition, a group of diseases named cardiometabolic disease (CMD), including stroke, T2DM, and heart disease, has received increasing attention in this aging society, as it is positively related to a short life expectancy. 38 The coexistence of two or more CMDs would be considered cardiometabolic multimorbidity, which is associated with a higher mortality rate and other adverse health incidents. 39 S 2 I 2 N 0-3 score predicts short-and long-term mortality and morbidity in HFrEF It is interesting to find that the S 2 I 2 N 0-3 score contains three factors (stroke history, insulin for DM, and NT-proBNP level), which could correspond to the three diseases of CMD, and therefore, the positive relationships between the S 2 I 2 N 0-3 score and mortality and morbidity are reasonable and may be partially explained by the CMDs. ...