Rong Zhao's research while affiliated with Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School and other places

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Publications (18)


“Aromatic” substituent constants of selected fluorine‐containing groups.
Examples of SOnCF3‐containing biologically active compounds (n=0, 1, 2).
Selected trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethylselenolation reagents.
Typical reaction types of transition‐metal‐free trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethylselenolation with (Me4N)SCF3 and (Me4N)SeCF3.
PdI‐catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation of aryl iodides and bromides with (Me4N)SCF3, and PdI‐catalyzed trifluoromethylselenolation of aryl iodides with (Me4N)SeCF3.[21,23]

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Recent Advances and Uses of (Me4N)XCF3 (X=S, Se) in the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylthiolated and Trifluoromethylselenolated Compounds
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

December 2020

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20 Reads

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48 Citations

Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry

Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry

Xi‐Hui Yang

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Rong Zhao

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The introduction of trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) and trifluoromethylseleno (SeCF3) substituents into organic molecules significantly improves the electron‐withdrawing and lipophilic properties of their parent compounds. Therefore, a vast class of versatile reagents were employed to access the corresponding fluorine‐containing compounds. Among them, tetramethylammonium salts, such as (Me4N)SCF3 and (Me4N)SeCF3, have been employed as practical and efficient non‐metal reagents for developing efficient trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethylselenolation in recent years. This Minireview systematically illustrates the application of (Me4N)XCF3 (X=S, Se) in the synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated and trifluoromethylselenolated compounds, and its content is divided into two categories: transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions, and transition‐metal‐free reactions.

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Site‐Specific C(sp)–H Aminations of Imidates and Amidines Enabled by Covalently Tethered Distonic Radical Anions

September 2020

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22 Reads

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15 Citations

Rong Zhao

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Kang Fu

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Yuanding Fang

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[...]

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The utilization of N‐centered radicals to synthesize nitrogen‐containing compounds has attracted considerable attention recently, due to their powerful reactivities and the concomitant construction of C−N bonds. However, the generation and control of N‐centered radicals remain particularly challenging. We report a tethering strategy using SOMO‐HOMO‐converted distonic radical anions for the site‐specific aminations of imidates and amidines with aid of the non‐covalent interaction. This reaction features a remarkably broad substrate scope and also enables the late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism is thoroughly investigated through kinetic studies, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, revealing that the aminations likely involve direct homolytic cleavage of N−H bonds and subsequently controllable 1,5 or 1,6 hydrogen atom transfer.


Site‐Specific C(sp3)−H Aminations of Imidates and Amidines Enabled by Covalently Tethered Distonic Radical Anions

July 2020

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16 Reads

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2 Citations

Angewandte Chemie

A tethering strategy based on SOMO‐HOMO‐converted dicarboxylate radical anions for site‐specific aminations of imidates and amidines is presented. A variety of β‐ and γ‐amino alcohols and dihydroimidazoles are efficiently prepared in good to excellent yields with high functional‐group tolerance under visible‐light irradiation, and late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules is also achieved with non‐covalent interaction patterns. Abstract The utilization of N‐centered radicals to synthesize nitrogen‐containing compounds has attracted considerable attention recently, due to their powerful reactivities and the concomitant construction of C−N bonds. However, the generation and control of N‐centered radicals remain particularly challenging. We report a tethering strategy using SOMO‐HOMO‐converted distonic radical anions for the site‐specific aminations of imidates and amidines with aid of the non‐covalent interaction. This reaction features a remarkably broad substrate scope and also enables the late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism is thoroughly investigated through kinetic studies, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, revealing that the aminations likely involve direct homolytic cleavage of N−H bonds and subsequently controllable 1,5 or 1,6 hydrogen atom transfer.


Reactions between Diazo Compounds and Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents

June 2020

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58 Reads

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39 Citations

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Site‐selective “cut and sew” transformations employing diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) compounds involve the departure of leaving groups, a “cut” process, followed by a reorganization of the fragments by bond formation, a “sew” process. Bearing controllable cleavage sites, diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) compounds play a critical role as versatile reagents in a wide range of organic transformations because their excellent nucleofugality allows for a large number of unusual reactions to occur. In recent years, the combination of diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents has emerged as a promising tool for developing new and valuable approaches, and has met considerable success. In this Minireview, this combination is systematically illustrated with recent advances in the field, with the aim of elaborating the synthetic utility and potential of this concept as a powerful strategy in organic synthesis.


When Diazo Compounds Meet Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents

May 2020

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84 Reads

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5 Citations

Angewandte Chemie

The combination of diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents has recently enabled the development of valuable synthetic approaches. In this Minireview, this reagent combination is systematically illustrated, with the aim of elaborating the synthetic utility and potential of this concept as a powerful strategy in organic synthesis. Abstract Site‐selective “cut and sew” transformations employing diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) compounds involve the departure of leaving groups, a “cut” process, followed by a reorganization of the fragments by bond formation, a “sew” process. Bearing controllable cleavage sites, diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) compounds play a critical role as versatile reagents in a wide range of organic transformations because their excellent nucleofugality allows for a large number of unusual reactions to occur. In recent years, the combination of diazo compounds and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents has emerged as a promising tool for developing new and valuable approaches, and has met considerable success. In this Minireview, this combination is systematically illustrated with recent advances in the field, with the aim of elaborating the synthetic utility and potential of this concept as a powerful strategy in organic synthesis.


B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Reduction of Cyclic N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines

October 2019

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26 Reads

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10 Citations

A metal‐free method for reduction of cyclic N‐sulfonyl ketimines catalyzed by B(C6F5)3, using commercially available methylphenylsilane as a reducing reagent under mild conditions has been developed. This reductive method was effective, not only providing the expected cyclic N‐Sulfonamides in good to excellent yields, but also showing good functional‐group tolerance. image John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.





Sulfonamide-Directed Chemo- and Site-Selective Oxidative Halogenation/Amination Using Halogenating Reagents Generated in Situ from Cyclic Diacyl Peroxides

February 2018

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18 Reads

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23 Citations

The Journal of Organic Chemistry

The combination of cyclic diacyl peroxides with commercially available halide salts as a unique halogenating system is utilized in Hofmann-Lӧffler-Freytag-type reaction. This strategy allows for the formation of N–chloroamides, δ-brominated products and even biologically relevant pyrrolidines under mild conditions in moderate to excellent yields. Meanwhile, the preliminary structure of the in situ formed brominating reagent is investigated by NMR and UV/Vis analysis.


Citations (16)


... Compounds containing a trifluoromethylthio (SCF 3 ) group have gained attention in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries owing to the high lipophilicity and electronegativity of the SCF 3 moiety (Figure 1). [1][2][3][4] The SCF 3 group has the highest Hansch lipophilicity parameters (π x = 1.44) compared to those of the CH 3 (π x = 0.52), CF 3 (π x = 0.88), and OCF 3 (π x = 1.04), which is an important factor in the permeability and absorption analysis of a drug candidate in biological evaluations. [5][6][7][8] Additionally, the high electronegativity of the SCF 3 group can substantially improve the metabolic stability of a drug candidate. ...

Reference:

Metal‐catalyzed Radical Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aryl Boronic Acids in the Aqueous Phase
Recent Advances and Uses of (Me4N)XCF3 (X=S, Se) in the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylthiolated and Trifluoromethylselenolated Compounds
Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry

Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry

... [19,20] Also a related visible light catalyzed reaction was reported. [21] Nevertheless, the most widely studied direction is a ring-expansion of 2-arylaziridines with nitriles promoted by photocatalyst, Brønsted-Lowry or Lewis acids (Figure 1d). [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Considering the latter approach, we came to the conclusion that like arylaziridines, arylethanolamines could provide a synthetic equivalent for the key synthon of this process -dipole A. Ethanolamines 3 are a widespread skeleton of alkaloids and pharmaceuticals, [29,30] and are readily available in two steps from aromatic aldehydes 1, sarcosine and paraformaldehyde via azomethine ylide's cycloaddition and subsequent demethylenation of 5-aryloxazolidines 2 (Scheme 1). ...

Site‐Specific C(sp3)−H Aminations of Imidates and Amidines Enabled by Covalently Tethered Distonic Radical Anions
  • Citing Article
  • July 2020

Angewandte Chemie

... 9 Furthermore, chiral conjugated SHI molecules are attracting interest given the potential of designing functionalities such as circularly polarized luminescence and chiralityinduced spin selectivity. 10 SHI radicals have also been utilized as key intermediates in chemical reactions, such as in amination of imidates and amidines, 11 and in photocatalytic allylation. 12 The topic of SHI in organic radicals dates back to the 1987 study of Awaga et al., who performed spin-unrestricted calculations on the galvinoxyl radical and demonstrated the existence of partial SHI in the molecule (Figure 1c). ...

Site‐Specific C(sp)–H Aminations of Imidates and Amidines Enabled by Covalently Tethered Distonic Radical Anions
Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

... [20] With the joint development of chemistry of hypervalent iodines and diazo compounds, chemists have combined diazo compounds with hypervalent iodine reagents as promising tools to achieve molecular functionalization, and have achieved considerable success. [21] However, the preparation of diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds 1-3 (Scheme 2a) and their applications in organic synthesis have only recently emerged in a certain amount. Interestingly, the substituents connected to the diazomethyl center of these organic iodine reagents were electron-withdrawing groups (EWG), such as CO 2 R, SO 3 Et, PO(OMe) 2 , COPh, CF 3 , etc. ...

Reactions between Diazo Compounds and Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents
Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

... 19 Our group [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] is engaged in the novel method development using hypervalent iodine(III) chemistry. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Despite a personal account and a review on NH-sulfoximines which was reported by the Bull group and the Luisi group, [36][37][38] no review has been published, to the best of our knowledge, discussing the chemistry of iodonitrene. We are motivated to provide a concise minireview, highlighting iodonitrene and its application in organic synthesis. ...

When Diazo Compounds Meet Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents
  • Citing Article
  • May 2020

Angewandte Chemie

... Recently, Shi and coworkers described the reduction of cyclic sulfonamides using methylphenylsilane as a hydrogen source in excellent yields catalyzed by B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 (Scheme 1c). [8] However, it required a 1.10 equivalent hydrogen source and unavoidably needed an additional catalyst in the reaction for 24 hours. Therefore, developing an efficient and simple approach is still highly desirable. ...

B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Reduction of Cyclic N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines
European Journal of Organic Chemistry

European Journal of Organic Chemistry

... Sulfoxides are known as important building blocks in many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials, high demands in industry and academia for such molecules enhance the necessity and importance for the development of methods for the synthesis of these compounds. [51] Photocatalytic oxidations represent one of the most facile routes for the oxidation of sulphides. Herein, we tested the utility of pyrene-based D-A molecules as photosensitizers in the photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole. ...

Trichloroacetonitrile as an efficient activating agent for ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids to phenolic compounds
  • Citing Article
  • July 2019

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry

... [47] LMCT often refers to the transfer of an electron from a π* antibonding ligand orbital to a metal d orbital. [48] These charge transfer pathways alter the material's optoelectronic characteristics by generating new energy levels between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of TPA, [49] resulting in the different CB potentials of TTÀ O and TTÀ N compared with that of pure TiO 2 . ...

A renaissance of ligand-to-metal charge transfer by cerium photocatalysis
  • Citing Article
  • September 2018

Organic Chemistry Frontiers

... With the b-a nd g-aminations of imidates as representative,aproposed mechanism was described in Figure 11, based on the above experimental results and the DFT calculations. After the combination of cyclic diacylp eroxides and iodide ion, the in situ-generated intermediates L [7,31] proceed the homolytic cleavage of O À Ib onds under the visible light illumination, producing the distonic radical anions M and the iodine radical. With the extra halogen bonding assistance of the tethered intramolecular base,t he acyloxy radicals of the intermediates M effectively conduct the directly homolytic cleavage of NÀHbonds in imidates N,generating the pivotal imidate radicals P and the byproduct O.The NCRs P undergo regioselective 1,5-or 1,6-HATt otranspose the open shell to ac arbon-centered radical Q.T he resulting alkyl radicals Q subsequently lead to the rapid iodine radical trapping to produce alkyl iodides R.T he b or g amino alcohols T are eventually obtained after the attack of nucleophilic Na tom and the hydrolysis process.H owever,adirect cyclization pathway or even other possible pathways from Q to S cannot be completely ruled out at this stage. ...

Sulfonamide-Directed Chemo- and Site-Selective Oxidative Halogenation/Amination Using Halogenating Reagents Generated in Situ from Cyclic Diacyl Peroxides
  • Citing Article
  • February 2018

The Journal of Organic Chemistry

... However, a literature survey returns controversial mechanisms for iminium 4 a formation from aniline 3 a and hypervalent iodine(III) species, related to 2 a. Thus, a single electron transfer (SET) from aniline 3 a to hydroxybenziodoxole [22] or PIDA [23] was proposed to generate transient radical cation 3 a * + en route to the iminium ion 4 a (Eq. (2), Scheme 3). ...

Metal‐Free Geminal Difunctionalization of Diazocarbonyl Compounds: A One‐Pot Multicomponent Strategy for the Construction of α,β‐Diamino Carbonyl Derivatives
  • Citing Article
  • February 2018