Reid D. Frederick's research while affiliated with Purdue University and other places

... tomato) (Martin et al., 1993a). The combination of Pto and Prf proteins are required for resistance in tomato after the recognition of AvrPto (Mucyn et al., 2006;Tang et al., 1996). Prf is an NB-LRR resistance gene located next to the Pto gene at the Pto locus (Salmeron et al., 1996). ...

... Direct evidence comes from the case of transformants of the potato pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, in which the lack of INF1, a 10 kDa protein of the death-eliciting elicitin family, is associated with a loss of ability to trigger the HR in one of three nonhost Nicotiana species [61].The HR may cause pathogen arrest but may also occur as a consequence of the activation of other defence responses.6. Induction of the hypersensitive cell deathHypersensitive cell death and defence gene activation may involve separate signalling pathways, both initially activated by avr-R gene product interaction[62]. For fungal pathogens, the widespread sensitivity of plants to their non specific elicitors makes it quite likely that the latter induce defence responses in addition to any such induction by avr-R gene product interactions. ...

... Activation of NLR proteins in plants is typically initiated when an effector protein is recognized either directly by the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of the NLR or indirectly via the modification of plant proteins that the NLR monitors, mechanisms described by the 'guard' and 'decoy' models (Tang et al., 1996;Zhou et al., 1998;Belkhadir et al., 2004;Shabab et al., 2008;van der Hoorn and Kamoun, 2008;Wu et al., 2015). Recent studies revealed that upon activation, at least some NLR proteins undergo oligomerization, leading to the formation of larger complexes known as resistosomes (Wang et al., 2019;Martin et al., 2020;Wang et al., 2020;Forderer et al., 2022;Kourelis and Adachi, 2022;Kourelis et al., 2022;Zhao et al., 2022;Ahn et al., 2023a;Contreras et al., 2023). ...

... P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum employs different twocomponent systems for controlling production of virulence determinants [13][14][15][16]. PmrA-PmrB is one example of TCS for plant pathogenic bacteria, which affects production of extracellular enzymes, virulence and bacterial survival in potato tubers as well as in Arabidopsis leaves and generally in planta [17]. ...

... The open reading frame of LaeC4H and LaeC3′H genes were cloned into the KpnI and XbaI sites of pBTEX binary vector in frame with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) under the CaMV 35S promoter (Frederick et al., 1998). The resulted vectors, pBTEX-LaeC4H-YFP and pBTEX--LaeC3′H-YFP, were transformed to the E. coli DH5α chemical competent cells by the heat-shock method. ...