Randolph G. Bias's research while affiliated with University of Texas at Austin and other places
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Publications (63)
Objective
Assessing risks of bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is an important but laborious task when conducting systematic reviews. RobotReviewer (RR), an open-source machine learning (ML) system, semi-automates bias assessments. We conducted a user study of RobotReviewer, evaluating time saved and usability of the tool.
Materials and...
An experiment examined the effect of a penalty on performance of target acquisition movements, focusing on overall movement time, the fit of the data to Fitts’ Law, and ballistic and homing submovements. Fitts’ Law, MT = a + b[Index of Difficulty], where Index of Difficulty (ID) = log2[Movement distance/target size], focuses on the control of the m...
Objective:
To develop and test the prototype of a serious digital game for improving community-dwelling older adults' heart failure (HF) knowledge and self-management behaviors. The serious game innovatively incorporates evidence-based HF guidelines with contemporary game technology.
Materials and methods:
The study included three phases: develo...
Effective self-management can decrease up to 50% of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. However, self-management by patients with HF remains poor. We describe the development and usability testing of an interactive digital e-health game (IDEG) for older patients with HF in Central Texas, USA. Majority of the participants (5 out of 6) who participa...
This forum addresses conceptual, methodological, and professional issues that arise in the UX field's continuing effort to contribute robust information about users to product planning and design.
A key aspect of a website or any artifact is its usability—the ability of the artifact’s target audience to carry out tasks safely, effectively, efficiently, even joyfully. One class of usability evaluation methods is inspection methods, in which the usability professional systematically inspects the user interface to discern potential usability pr...
Rationale: In a refinery or other complex control room, the operator station allows operators to rapidly assess a set of distinct systems or situations under their span-of-control and determine where attention is needed on a moment-by-moment basis. If a problem exists, the overview display directs the operators to displays from which they can troub...
Human interaction with computing and communication systems involves a mix of parallel and serial processing by the human-computer system. Moore's Law provides an illustration of the fact that the performance of the digital components of any human-computer system has improved rapidly. But what of the performance of those human components? While we h...
We sought to understand how users interpret meanings of symbols commonly used in information systems, especially how icons are processed by the brain. We investigated Chinese and English speakers' processing of 4 types of visual stimuli: icons, pictures, Chinese characters, and English words. The goal was to examine, via functional magnetic resonan...
If usability is to be a valuable, empirical methodology ... then where's the science in usability analysis?
Evaluation and usability as a practice area has diversified its approaches, broadened the spectrum of UX issues it addresses, and extended its contribution into deeper levels of product-development decision making. This forum addresses conceptual, methodological, and professional issues that arise in the field's continuing effort to contribute robu...
User-based evaluation of archives has evolved significantly over the past three decades. However, existing frameworks rely almost exclusively on surveys and questionnaires, which address users' self-reported perceptions of quality of user experience in the archives. In this paper we propose a user-centered design (UCD) framework for the systematic...
While usability evaluation is critical to designing usable websites,
traditional usability testing can be both expensive and time consuming. The
advent of crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk and
CrowdFlower offer an intriguing new avenue for performing remote usability
testing with potentially many users, quick turn-around, and s...
Well-designed and conducted usability efforts – “big U Usability including the entire user-centered design process, from requirements
gathering through prototype creation and evaluation, through system usability testing, through delivery/cut-live, and to field
testing and beyond, and even fundamental usability research – are vital to the creation o...
The study of HCI is essentially a multidisciplinary science because “it is concerned with understanding how people make use
of devices and systems that incorporate or embed computation, and how such devices and systems can be more useful and usable
(Carroll 2003, p. 1).” Researchers of HCI analyze and design user interfaces and new technologies. Th...
We continue investigation of the effect of position in announcements of newly received articles, a single day artifact, with citations received over the course of ensuing years. Earlier work focused on the “visibility” effect for positions ...
Font-rendering technologies play a critical role in presenting clear and aesthetic fonts to enhance the experience of reading from computer screens. This article presents three studies investigating visual and psychological correlates of people's preferences toward different onscreen text enhancements such as ClearType developed by Microsoft. Findi...
To determine influences on the production of a scientific article, the content of the article must be studied. We examined articles in biogeography and found that most of the influence is not cited, specific types of articles that are influential are ...
For increasingly frequent use of library resources by remote users, remote usability testing has become a valuable tool for those who would pursue an empirical, user-centered design of the interfaces to their electronic resources and services. This paper describes our implementation of remote usability tests to evaluate prototypes of a web content...
Skilled website developers value usability testing to assure user needs are met. When the target audience differs substantially from the developers, it becomes essential to tailor both design and evaluation methods. In this study, researchers carried out a multifaceted usability evaluation of a website (Healthy Texas) designed for Hispanic audience...
If a caller is placed on hold when they call a business, about half will hang up before the call is answered. Of those that hang up, only half of those will call back (Staino, 1994). Optimizing the on-hold experience has the potential to reduce hang-ups and make being put on hold more palatable to the caller. The current study assessed the influenc...
If a caller is placed on hold when they call a business, about half will hang up before the call is answered. Of those that hang up, only half of those will call back (Staino, 1994). Optimizing the on-hold experience has the potential to reduce hang-ups and make being put on hold more palatable to the caller. The current study assessed the influenc...
A pilot study was developed to determine use of the University of Texas at Austin General Libraries' research collections in the fields of civil engineering and educational psychology and to investigate the research behavior of graduate students. First, the authors sampled bibliographic citations from dissertations completed during the years 1997 a...
Two experiments comparing user performance on ClearType and Regular displays are reported. In the first, 26 participants scanned a series of spreadsheets for target information. Speed of performance was significantly faster with ClearType. In the second experiment, 25 users read two articles for meaning. Reading speed was significantly faster for C...
A usability assessment entailing a paper prototype was conducted
to examine menu selection theories on a small screen device by determining
the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of a popular cellular
phone’s menu system. Outcomes of this study suggest that users prefer
a less extensive menu structure on a small screen device. The inv...
This panel brings together experts in usability engineering who draw on their research and experiences to present practical advice about what to avoid when performing usability tests and how to take advantage of opportunities afforded by usability testing.
As increasing amounts of information are viewed, read and manipulated digitally, many users still report performance and satisfaction costs with digital documents compared to paper equivalents. While many factors impact this process, image quality has been assumed by many to have relatively little impact once current screen display standards are ma...
An experimental study and a naturalistic field study were conducted to develop detailed behavioral (performance) and affective measures of user responses to ClearType® to support the derivation of quantitative estimates of ClearType's® impact on user productivity in computer programming tasks.
One of the most important, and most studied, aspects of human perception is the act of reading. Reading has received much attention from researchers, both from a human information processing (HIP) approach and as a common, practical act that needs to be optimized, especially in the realm of human-computer interaction (HCI). One of the text variable...
Collection understanding shifts the traditional focus of retrieval in large collections from locating specific artifacts to gaining a comprehensive view of the collection. Visualization tools are critical to the process of efficient collection understanding. By presenting simple visual interfaces and intuitive methods of interacting with a collecti...
Collection understanding shifts the traditional focus of retrieval in large collections from locating specific artifacts to gaining a comprehensive view of the collection. Visualization tools are critical to the process of efficient collection understanding By presenting simple visual interfaces and intuitive methods of interacting with a collectio...
Formative evaluation is a collection of "find-and-fix" usability engineering methods, focused on identifying usability problems before a product is completed. In this forum, four experienced usability professionals will address different aspects of formative evaluations:which methods are most effective,how to maximize the chances of effecting chang...
In this article, we describe and analyze the emergence of a scientific discipline, usability science, which bridges basic research in cognition and perception and the design of usable technology. An analogy between usability science and medical science (which bridges ba- sic biological science and medical practice) is discussed, with lessons drawn...
Assistive technology for persons with visual impairments is important now and will be increasingly important as the U.S. population ages. Screen readers, technology for translating optical characters into phonemes, Aid computer users with visual impairments. However, as more computer interfaces make use of graphical stimuli and spatial cues to repr...
The objectives of the debate are (1) to foster a frank discussion and exchange of ideas on the potential value for the design of user interfaces of HCI-related scientific research - both basic research in perception, cognition, and social psychology and applied research on how people interact with computer systems, (2) to identify ways in which tec...
Figurative interfaces make use of metaphors and analogies. The
dual actor/multifunction theory of figurative interfaces proposes that
figurative interfaces exist to aid both the designer and user. Key
functions of a figurative interface include facilitating the mapping of
existing procedural knowledge to the domain of the computer system and
restru...
Two methods of gathering system requirements from groups of users
are discussed. One method can be used anywhere, while the other requires
some specific computer hardware and software. This latter, high-tech
method has built into it a technique for prioritizing identified
requirements. Also presented is an additional low-tech technique for
gaining...
Task analysis is a well-accepted component of user-centered design. It is often left out of the design process, however, due to a lack of practical methods, the difficulty in predicting the amount of resource required to perform it, and a short supply of people with the appropriate skills. A solution to these problems is a structured set of activit...
Software designers with limited knowledge of human factors often play a crucial role in the design of user interfaces. The thesis of this paper is that the field of human factors needs to be concerned with the design of interfaces between itself and the rest of the design community. We identify the mission objective for the human factors-design int...
Addresses R. E. Guttentag's (see record
1982-11297-001) 2 questions about the review by L. X. McCusker et al (see record
1981-11846-001) of the phonological recoding literature. Following Guttentag's suggestion, the possibility of phonological mediation without the use of grapheme–phoneme correspondence rules is considered. It is recognized as a...
85 college students and faculty members participated in 6 experiments designed to generate predictions for word-recognition latencies for the independent parallel model of word recognition based on letter-naming latencies in 2 display conditions. In one condition, the inside 2 letters of 4-letter words were presented 50 msec in advance of the prese...
Examines contradictory research that attempted to determine whether the process of lexical access in silent reading is mediated by an internal phonological representation or only by visual representations. More recent evidence is discussed that suggests that factors such as difficulty of material, frequency of occurrence of items, Ss' fluency, and...
The phonological recoding model of lexical access was tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1, college students were presented words and nonwords at recognition threshold for lexical decision. Nonwords homophonous with real words (homophonous nonwords) and nonwords nonhomophonous with real words (nonhomophonous nonwords) were used. The phonologi...
Among the goals of developmental psycholinguistics are these three: to construct a description of the tacit knowledge of language that children have at various points in their development; to describe the processes that children use in producing and comprehending sentences; and to describe the principles of change or development that govern the fir...
To explore human factors in interactive information and its design, in this paper we investigated how fast people could correctly sort icons, pictures, Chinese characters and English words in two categories (concrete and abstract) in a behavioral task to determine benchmarks of people's semantic processing of these four types of visual information....
The following summarizes our program of study addressing innovative usability engineering for remote, migratory transactions in a pervasive computing environment. The IBM-Austin Pervasive Computing Advanced Technology Laboratory (PvC Lab) is investigating and developing creative applications of remote monitoring and control capabilities. Such capab...
Does ClearType-enhanced text affect performance of everyday office information tasks? We present experimental data from 38 users performing editing, scanning and reading tasks with ClearType-enhanced and regular text displays. Performance is measured by task completion time and accuracy of task responses. Results suggest that for tasks involving le...
Citations
... The absence of a substantial impact of cognition and perception on interface design can be seen as a failure of technology transfer. In previous articles (Gillan & Bias, 1992; Gillan & Schvaneveldt, 1999), we examined several reasons for this failure, including differences between research and design in mission, timeline , rewards, activities, and modes and types of communication. ...
Reference: Usability Science. I: Foundations
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... According to Soboczenski et al. (2019), The SUS is considered a standard usability measure and applies across different domains and technologies. It allows researchers to place systems on a scale ranging from dire to excellent usability. ...
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... We found that target size significantly affected task completion time and error rate in pointing tasks. When pointing at smaller targets, task completion time increased significantly over 30%, and error rate increased significantly over 75%, consistent with previous Fitts' Law studies on target size (Cassidy et al., 2019;Gillan & Bias, 2018;Groen et al., 2019;Lin et al., 2010). We also noticed that in the draggingand-dropping task, a larger target size produced a higher error rate, that is, with 55% more errors than a small target size. ...
... Single word reading has two major input modalities that provide access to semantics via word sounds and word forms: phonological processing and direct access (also named orthographical or logographical processing in alphabetical or logographical language, respectfully) (cf. Bias et al., 1982;Démonet et al., 2005;Mechelli et al., 2003). Reading a single icon might share the same input modalities but have a more dominant route in direct access of semantics. ...
Reference: Icons: pictures or logograms?
... In contexts where representative end users may not be available to participate in evaluations [14], alternative UEMs can be deployed as a proxy for user-based activities [15]. These inspection methods involve experts applying theoretical knowledge to explore the interface from the perspective of a surrogate end user [18]. Expert feedback generated is explored to inform the reiteration of the user interface instead of usability data generated from contextualised to real lived experiences or experiential learnings of the representative end user. ...
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... Thus, one purpose of psychological science should be to unpack and compare the theoretical claims that underlie the design of usable and unusable interfaces (e.g., Carroll & Campbell, 1989). As a consequence of the limited instances of direct application of cognitive and perceptual theories, models, and experiments to the design of usable computing systems, we hear frequent complaints from usability engineers that they cannot use basic research from cognitive and perceptual psychology (see Bias & Gillan, 1998; Gillan, 1998). The absence of a substantial impact of cognition and perception on interface design can be seen as a failure of technology transfer. ...
Reference: Usability Science. I: Foundations
... Akıllı telefon ve tablet gibi mobil cihazların kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile birlikte sağlık alanında yeni eğitim teknikleri popülarite kazanmış ve oyuna dayalı öğrenme dikkati çekmeye başlamıştır. [11][12][13][14] Son zamanlarda sistematik hasta takibi için umut verici olanaklar yaratan oyun tabanlı öğrenme (gamesbased learning) ve ciddi oyunlar (serious games) gibi eğitim amaçlı tasarlanmış oyunlara olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Oyunlaştırma; davranış kuramlarının çerçevesini çizdiği tasarımlarla, oyun elementlerinin oyun dışı ortamlarda hedeflenen davranışların motive edilmesi için kullanılması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. ...
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... The analyses for the comprehenders also showed that responses to first verb questions had higher accuracy rates than responses to second verb questions. Second verb questions may be more difficult to answer than first verb questions because answering second verb questions requires the child to make an attachment across a clausal interruption (Foss, Bias, & Starkey 1977;Slobin, 1973). ...
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... Also, ZMET has produced valuable results in various fields of research, including Internet experience building [128], brand image [129], and 3G mobile banking services [130]. In user experience design, deep psychological factor analysis of users using ZMET has been helpful in research dealing with user experience on the Facebook interface [122] and UI usability evaluation [131]. ...
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... So, while this in not a new concept, see (Bias, Nixon, He, & Kim, 2014), one thread of research that is likely to be fruitful is the identification of user interface components (read-outs, figures, graphs) that allow workers to make decisions based on lower-order, fundamental human information processing capabilities rather than demanding more cognitively expensive capabilities. To the extent that offshore drilling workers can make decisions more quickly and perform actions more accurately, more errors will be identified and avoided or corrected. ...
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