Rana Hazim Hamoode's research while affiliated with University of Anbar and other places

Introduction and Aim: Grave’s disease is a disease of the thyroid glands. Early diagnosis of hyperthyroidism can improve treatment and control. This study examined hyperthyroidism-related insulin hormone alterations before and after radioactive iodine 131 treatment. This study also examined how the medical condition affected these indicators. Materials and Methods: The participants in this study included 50 people who were diagnosed with Grave’s disease, as well as 23 healthy individuals as controls. Direct inquiry was used as the technique for gathering demographic information from the patients who participated in the study. The thyroid stimulating and insulin hormonal levels of each patient were recorded before and after undergoing a hypothyroidism treatment regimen of three months that consisted of a dose of radioactive iodine 131 ranging from 10 to 20 mci. Results: This research indicated a significant relation to exist between age and insulin levels among patients diagnosed with Grave’s disease. In addition, the research also demonstrated a significant association between levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin hormones in patients both before and after radiation therapy. Conclusion: Insulin hormonal levels could be used as a predictor of the severity of hyperthyroidism.

Introduction and Aim: Beta-thalassemia is a genetic blood condition characterized by a lack of or abnormal globin chain synthesis, resulting in low hemoglobin levels needing repeated blood transfusions. Iron overload and skeletal issues are frequently observed in beta-thalassemia patients. The current study aims to assess the bone status of beta-thalassemia major patients who are on treatment with repeated blood transfusion and compare it to thalassemia patients who do not require blood transfusion. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, conducted between December 2021 and April 2022 at Al-Shams Medical Laboratory, Diayla Governorate, 150 subjects were included consisting of 100 thalassemia patients and 50 healthy individuals. Results: This study revealed that in patients with minor and moderate thalassemia, the levels of red blood and white blood cells considerably increased. Additionally, both minor and major thalassemia patients had significantly higher platelet counts, and a considerably higher iron and ferritin levels. PTH, vitamin D, calcium, and calcium phosphate levels all significantly decreased in major thalassemia patients when compared to patients with moderate thalassemia and the control group, however phosphorus levels sharply increased. Conclusion: Patients with significant thalassemia have an unstable bone profile and hence, regular bone profile monitoring is recommended. In addition, such individuals are also advised to take calcium and vitamin D supplements and receive strong nutritional support.

Introduction and Aim: The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are unwanted molecules which bind and destroy certain structures within the nucleus. Immunofluorescence is a powerful technique that utilizes fluorescent-labeled antibodies to detect specific target antigens. The aim of this study was to detect the anti-testicular antibody among infertile males in Baghdad city and determine the most common type of infertility. Materials and Methods: The study involved 73 male (53 infertile and 20 non-infertile) volunteers, at Kamal Al-Samarrai Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Serum collected from the study subjects was tested for steroid-cell antibodies (STC-Ab), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-testicular antibodies (ATCA) by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS program. Results: In the current study 52.9% of infertile men tested positive for testicular antibodies compared to the control group. The highest rate of testicular cell antibodies was observed in the serum of infertile patients aged between 30-39 years and the lowest in patients aged 50-59 years. The marriage duration among those showing the highest percentage of antibodies against testicular cells was 1-10 years. Study for the association of male infertility type to those positive for ATCA showed almost all (85.7%) patients with necrozoospermia to be positive for ATCA. This was followed by males with azoospermia (50%) and oligospermia (46.9%). The patients were negative for Addison’s disease while a few (28.6%) were positive for lupus erythematosus.

In the case of Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, patients are usually cured with Vasopressin (V2) receptor antagonists, which delay the ongoing growth of cyst formation and slow the pace of AD disease progression. Before we know more, it is uncertain if the increase in vasopressin amide levels that was detected during V2RAT treatment impacts the production of glucose in the intestines. Cell growth and fluid secretion are aided by high intracellular concentrations of adenosine 3',5;-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which leads to cyst development. SST, a hormone implicated in a variety of cell activities, has the potential to block the generation of intracellular cAMP. Nevertheless, since Somatostatin is quickly removed in vivo, it has little therapeutic promise. As a result, analogues with a longer half-life have been established, which might be potential medicines in the therapy of ADPKD. This review covers the complicated physiological consequences of Somatostatin, especially on the kidneys, as well as the possible therapeutic use of SST analogues in ADPKD.

Graves’ disease causes inflammatory hyperthyroidism in around 80% of hyperthyroidism cases inwomen of reproductive age. The hormonal changes in the maternal immune system after birth may belinked to the production and expression of diabetes other than gestational and early-onset diabetes. Asa result, in addition to hormonal influences, other anatomical modifications or abnormalities seen inthe body during pregnancy will affect the pregnancy test. Thyroid hormones are critical for a woman’shealth and the commencement of her pregnancy. These hormones are essential for early developmentand play a crucial role in the fetus’s continued growth after conception. Women with untreated orimproperly controlled hyperthyroidism are more likely to have complications during pregnancy. Futurediseases, particularly those that produce a large number of fetuses due to IUGRTH. The treatmentof hyperthyroid pregnant women is extremely difficult, and medical staff engagement is required toguarantee that it is properly monitored and treated. Anti-thyroid drugs are commonly administered topregnant women, and it is the medication of choice for the majority of them (ATDs). Despite the fact thatboth of these drugs are passed through the mother’s bloodstream to the fetus, they are highly effectivein the treatment of maternal hyperthyroidism. Nonetheless, they must exercise caution throughout thesecond half of pregnancy due to the risk of fetopathy. The most common side effect, except in thefirst trimesters from weeks 6 to 10, is fetal abnormalities; even with that proviso, the incidence ofbirth malformations is significant during the first trimester with the use of ATDs. The management ofhyperthyroidism during pregnancy is divided into four areas that obstetricians are currently concernedabout: Its aetiology, occurrence, correct identification, under treatment, complications, and actual ormissed diagnosis and intervention, and lastly, the technique of dealing with the problem are all factorsto consider.

Around 80% of the hyperthyroidism cases of women of childbearing age are inflammatory due to Graves' disease. Production and manifestation of other than gestational and early-onset diabetes may be linked to the hormonal modifications in the maternal immune system during birth. Therefore, in addition to the hormonal influences, the pregnancy test will be affected by various anatomical modifications or alterations seen in the body during pregnancy. For the health of a woman and the start of her pregnancy, thyroid hormones are very significant. These hormones are critical in early development and play a vital role in continuing the fetus's growth since conception. Women with untreated or inadequately controlled hyperthyroidism are at risk of giving birth problems. Future diseases, particularly those with IUGRTH producing so many fetuses. The treatment of hyperthyroid pregnant people is so tricky, and medical staff involvement is needed to ensure that it's monitored and treated in various ways. Pregnant women are prescribed antithyroid medications, and it is the medication of preference for most pregnant women (ATDs). Although both of these medications are transmitted to the fetus by the mother's bloodstream, they are significantly efficient in the treatment of maternal hyperthyroidism. Still, they need caution throughout the second half of pregnancy because of the possibility of fetopathy. Except in the first trimesters from weeks 6 to 10 weeks, the most prevalent adverse effect is abnormalities in the fetal; even with that as a caveat, the incidence of birth defects is high during the first trimester with the help of ATDs. The treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy goes into four issues that are currently of major importance to obstetricians: its aetiology, disease occurrence, proper detection, under treatment, complications, and actual or a missed diagnosis and intervention, and finally, the method of dealing with the problem.