Raghav Chandra's research while affiliated with University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and other places
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Publications (21)
Treatment of long-segment tracheal defects remains a challenge in thoracic surgery with no standard surgical option. Aortic allografts have been used for this purpose with varying degrees of success. In a patient that suffered anastomotic dehiscence after tracheal resection with primary anastomosis, we performed complete tracheal resection and repl...
Objective:
The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly altered the landscape of medical education, particularly disrupting the residency application process and highlighting the need for structured mentorship programs. This prompted our institution to develop a virtual mentoring program to provide tailored, one-on-one mentoring to medical students applying to g...
Enlarged cisterna chyli is an infrequently encountered entity and is most often an asymptomatic, incidental finding on imaging for other reasons. The pathogenesis of cisterna chyli enlargement is not well elucidated and includes infectious, inflammatory, and idiopathic causes. In this report, we present the rare case of an asymptomatic, markedly di...
Recent studies have identified a unique cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) population termed antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs), characterized by the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, suggesting a function in regulating tumor immunity. Here, by integrating multiple single-cell RNA-sequencing studies and performing rob...
Coronary artery disease requiring surgical revascularization is prevalent in United States Veterans. We aimed to investigate pre-operative predictors of 30-day mortality following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the Veteran population. The Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement (VASQIP) national database was queried for isolated CA...
Introduction
Macrophage phenotype in the tumor microenvironment correlates with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunosuppressive macrophages promote tumor progression, while pro-inflammatory macrophages may drive an anti-tumor immune response. How individual NSCLCs impact macrophage phenotype is a major knowledge gap.
Methods
To...
Recent studies have identified a unique cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) population termed antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs), characterized by the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, suggesting a function in regulating tumor immunity. Here, by integrating multiple single-cell RNA-sequencing studies and performing rob...
A woman with a history of congenital heart disease status post multiple valve operations including mitral valve repair presented with 2 months of low back pain and general malaise. Blood cultures returned positive for Gram-positive cocci. While transthoracic echocardiography did not identify vegetations, transoesophageal echocardiography visualised...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. A total of 20% of CRC patients present with distant metastases, most frequently to the liver and lung. In the primary tumor, as well as at each metastatic site, the cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TM...
Background
Activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Activation of this pathway in tumor cells may also modulate the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) by polarizing macrophages into an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype. We tested whether treatment of co-cultures...
Background
Adult congenital heart disease (CHD) transplant recipients historically experienced worse survival early after transplantation. We aim to review updated trends in adult CHD transplantation.
Methods
We performed a single center case series of adult cardiac transplants from January 2013 through July 2020. Outcomes of patients with CHD wer...
Toxic shock syndrome is a serious complication of Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus infections associated with very high morbidity and mortality. Postoperative toxic shock syndrome is an extremely rare phenomenon which manifests as fevers, diffuse rash, septic shock, and death. We present the first reported case of toxic shock syndrom...
Introduction: Macrophages are key architects of the immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the plasticity of macrophage phenotype correlates with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). M2-like macrophages promote immunosuppression and facilitate tumor progression, while M1-like macrophages may drive an inflammatory anti...
Background
The plasticity of macrophage phenotype within the tumor microenvironment (TME) correlates with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ¹ M2-like macrophages promote immunosuppression and facilitate tumor progression, while M1-like macrophages may drive an inflammatory antitumor immune response. ² Through a novel co-culture model...
Gastric cancer is an aggressive solid-tumor malignancy with poor prognosis. The epidemiologic face of gastric cancer is changing and further insight into its heterogenous immunohistopathologic nature is needed to develop personalized therapies for specific patient populations. In this review, we highlight changes in gastric cancer epidemiology with...
Simple Summary
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key players in the tumor microenvironment. They are responsible for potentiating growth and metastasis through versatile functions, including maintenance of the extracellular matrix, blood vessel formation, modulation of tumor metabolism, suppression of antitumor immunity, and promotion of che...
Citations
... Highlighting their importance, the Thoracic Medical Student Association described a lack of interest groups in medical schools as a reason for lack of exposure to the field [75]. Formal mentorship can also prepare medical students for residency interviews and navigating the match [76]. As senior students match into residency, formal surgery bootcamps, in addition to improving technical and cognitive skills [77,78], can also provide a platform for mentorship, especially in the key upcoming transition to residency. ...
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... Despite a similar predominance of White men in the enrollment of landmark heart failure trials, equivalent GDMT efficacy in women and men has been shown through meta-analysis [72] . Underprescription of GDMT remains an issue, but there may be no significant racial disparity in prescription patterns; in fact, Black patients are more likely to achieve the target dose due to baseline hypertension [73,74] . Patients with poor LVEF recovery are followed closely for chronic issues of cardiorenal syndrome, congestive hepatopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and evaluation of candidacy for advanced heart failure therapies. ...
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... Therefore, the cell seeding density of the co-culture system is critical. Most studies perform co-culture experiments with the seeding density range from 150 to 650 cells/mm 2 [41][42][43]. In our research, we started the seeding density from 800 cells (low density) to 3200 cells (high density)/mm 2 . ...
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... The reticular organization of CAFs is mediated by CD8 T cells, whereas the accumulation of CAFs depends on the recruitment of B cells [22]. In recent years, it has been found that CAFs can directly connect and induce naive CD4 + T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs) in an antigenspeci c manner to regulate tumor immunity [23]. ...
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... In previous studies on metastatic CRC, liver metastasis is well investigated from the viewpoint of pathophysiological and molecular aspects owing to its high probability. During the process, TNF-α and IL-1β upregulate the expression of E-selectin and other adhesion molecules on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and enhance liver metastases; VEGF mediates the vascularization (7). ...
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... Current multi-center transplant databases (e.g., United Network for Organ Sharing) do not collect data on the underlying diagnoses for ACHD HTx recipients and candidates (11,18). Compiling and aligning data from 8 studies (N=402), we found that the most common diagnoses were: TGA (31% of patients, range 20-61%), Fontan/Glenn (28%, range 0-58%), non-Fontan/Glenn single ventricle (11%, range 0-28%), and right heart pathologies including Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (12%, range 0-38%) ( Table 2) (17,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Further investigation of the underlying diagnoses for ACHD HTx candidates is warranted. ...
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... Streptococcus and staphylococcus bacteria can both cause this condition through the elaboration of toxins. Streptococcus pyogenes (specially the M1 and M3 serotypes) and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common microorganisms associated with TSS [6]. ...
... With the development of surgical techniques, the prognosis of patients with early gastric cancer has improved. However, when diagnosed, most patients already have advanced GC, and chemotherapy has become one of the main treatment strategies (Chandra et al., 2021). Cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the mainstay of GC treatment. ...
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... For example, results of a study in breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) which used intravital microscopy for screening of mRNA sequencing, showed that cells that are involved in EMT play a role in creating BCBM and invading the brain parenchyma. Furthermore, they have the acceptable capacity to go back to the epithelial status after forming secondary lesions in the brain [20]. ...
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