Rachel Craik's research while affiliated with Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and other places

... The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world, infecting millions of people. Although pregnant women are not more likely to contract the disease, they are more susceptible to develop a severe infection and maternal and pregnancy complications, depending on the variant [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. ...

... www.nature.com/scientificreports/ in order to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and any future disease threats on maternal and neonatal health. Several seroepidemiological studies from different African countries have reported significantly high SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rates within a wider population, which confirms the underestimation of COVID-19 cases in Africa based on reported testing figures [8][9][10] . It is possible COVID-19 burden among the pregnant population in Africa might diverge from estimates in most developed countries. ...

... Recent analyses sought to evaluate the effects of reduced haemoglobin concentrations on pregnancy outcomes, and interestingly indicated an increased risk of preterm birth at haemoglobin thresholds below the statistical thresholds proposed here. 61 Our analysis builds on previous studies using chiefly US-based data to estimate fifth centiles of haemoglobin in iron-replete, non-inflamed populations 5 by using multinational datasets with the addition of clinical criteria for health, and covers a broad age range. Our findings were robust to variations in criteria for iron deficiency and inflammation, to statistical methods, and to secular health trends. ...

... Despite growing literatures linking HAP to pregnancy outcomes, only few interventions have been tested to generate evidences on effectiveness of these interventions [51][52][53][54][55]. Only two randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies in Ethiopia tested improved stoves for their impact on childhood respiratory illness or growth [56,57]. ...

... Oghli et al. [42] focused on automatic biometric parameter prediction, achieving high accuracy with the MFP-Unet model, with a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.98 and 100% accuracy in achieving good contours. Lee et al. [59] estimated fetal gestational age accurately using machine learning methods and biometry measurements, achieving a mean absolute error of 3.0 days in the second trimester and 4.3 days in the third trimester. Zhu et al. [60] discussed automatic femur length measurement in ultrasound images, achieving high accuracy with random forest regression and SegNet methods, with the random forest regression model achieving an average error of 1.23 mm and the SegNet-based method achieving an average error of 0.46 mm. ...

... In contrary, the large scale multi-country household air pollution intervention network trials found that switching to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves and fuel did not significantly reduce the risk of preterm birth (PTB) or increase the duration of pregnancy in participating women [52,95]. Another interventional study, focusing on improved biomass stoves in Nepal, did not demonstrate any evidence of reducing adverse birth outcomes, including preterm births [96]. ...

... Another study conducted during the Omicron predominance period (not included in the abovementioned meta-analysis) reported 48% and 76% VE against severe COVID-19 complications after two and three doses, respectively [89]. ...

... MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions, or products referred to in the content. 2 a variety of domains including nutrition, exercise, smoking cessation, weight management, sleep, stress, and community support. Most of the research has been directed to interventions related to diet and exercise, both of which have been recommended by international obstetric societies to promote healthy pregnancy and reduce adverse outcomes [7,8]. ...

... Gestational age was determined using the information on the antenatal card, which is derived from the last menstrual period, as early ultrasound was not available in any of the hospitals. 30 ...

... However, monitoring of antibodies for younger and older adults may be different from that in children and adolescents, and limited data are available on non-White populations. Preliminary data on psychological aspects of screening were gathered in previous projects (Fr1da [15], The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young [TEDDY] [16], and Global Platform for the Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes [GPPAD] [17]). As 9 of 10 families in a population screening will have no prior knowledge of T1D, key elements to reduce anxiety and stress are information and education, about the relevance of antibody results and eventual development of T1D, that are appropriate for families and children. ...