R.M. Sayre's research while affiliated with Agricultural Research Service and other places
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Publications (20)
Adenoplea nanus n. sp., belonging in the family Typhloplanidae, is the smallest member of the armata group, which also includes A. armata and A. paraproxenetes. The new species is distinguished from the two other members of the genus by its morphological features. The ease of rearing the species in the laboratory permitted investigation of its ecol...
L'étude d'un isolat de #Pasteuria$ (HGP) observé sur le nématode à kystes des pois, #Heterodera goettingiana$ à Münster, Allemagne, a montré que le mode d'infection, le cycle biologique, la morphologie et l'ultrastructure des différents stades jusqu'aux sporanges immatures y sont similaires à ceux des trois autres #Pasteuria$ attaquant les nématode...
Frozen hydrated specimens of Pratylenchus agilis and dauer larvae of Steinernema carpocapsae were observed with low-temperature field emission scanning electron microscopy. This new technique provides information about the surface features of nematodes and also allows specimens to be fractured to reveal their internal structure. Furthermore, both h...
This study describes Pasteuria nishizawae sp. nov., a fourth species of the genus Pasteuria. This mycelial and endospore-forming bacterium parasitizes the adult females of cyst-forming nematodes in the genera Heterodera and Globodera. The distinct ultrastructural features and unique host range found for this bacterium separate it from two closely r...
Nematodes and bacteria are two important interacting members of the soil biota. Of the several possible ecological interactions that occur between nematodes and bacteria, only two, amensalism and parasitism, are considered in depth here. Amensalism, bacterial antibiosis towards nematodes, happens in soil largely as the result of the stepwise bacter...
Descriptions are presented of two members of the Pasteuria penetrans group of mycelial and endospore-forming bacteria, parasitic on plant-parasitic nematodes. In one case, the epithet P. penetrans sensu stricto emend. has now been limited to members of this group with cup-shaped sporangia and ellipsoidal endospores, parasitic primarily on the root-...
Conventional scanning electron microscopy (CSEM) has long been used to gain structural information on the taxonomy, morphology, host-parasite relationships and predators of plant parasitic nematodes. Although a significant amount of new information has accumulated during the past few years, further gains in structural detail will be hampered becaus...
This review briefly examines some of the earlier research that lists the natural soil enemies of plant-parasitic nematodes. The major emphasis is on research developments of the past decade that consider biological control of nematodes. The importance of biocontrol has arisen as a consequence of the loss of the two effective but hazardous nematicid...
The name Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 is used for two quite different kinds of bacteria. We request that the Judicial Commission issue an Opinion to the effect that the name be used only for the sort of bacterial parasite or endosymbiont described by Metchnikoff from the body cavities of cladoceran invertebrates belonging to the family Daphnid...
The characteristics of a cladoceran parasite and a nematode parasite were compared with the characteristics given in descriptions of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 and with the characteristics of strain ATCC 27377, the type strain of P. ramosa designated by Staley (Can. J. Microbiol. 19:609-614, 1973). The cladoceran and nematode parasites forme...
The name Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 is used for two quite different kinds of bacteria. We request that the Judicial Commission issue an Opinion to the effect that the name be used only for the sort of bacterial parasite or endosymbiont described by Metchnikoff from the body cavities of cladoceran invertebrates belonging to the family Daphnid...
Four isolates of the soil hyphomycete Paecilomyces lilacinus were evaluated for their ability to colonize eggs of the plant pathogenic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Three of the four isolates showed an ability to colonize the eggs in vitro. The mode of colonization was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The isolates colonized the e...
Bacillus penetrans Mankau, 1975, previously described as Duboscqia penetrans Thorne 1940, is a candidate agent for biocontrol of nematodes. This review considers the life stages of this bacterium: vegetative growth phase, colony fragmentation, sporogenesis, soil phase, spore attachment, and penetration into larvae of root-knot nematodes. The morpho...
A parasite of the cladoceran Moina rectirostris Leydig 1860 found near Belts- viUe, Md. and designated CPB was successfully propagated for morphological and ultrastructural studies by infecting laboratory-reared hosts. An ultrastructural examination of vegetative cells indicated that the parasite was procaryotic. The morphology of CPB was nearly id...
Pasteuria ramosa, a bacterial parasite of the cladocerans Daphnia pulex and D. magna, was described by Metchnikoff in 1888. Because the organism could not be cultured, it was subsequently lost. However, the original illustrations and descriptions of the life cycle of P. ramosa are similar to a bacterial spore parasite of nematodes (BSPN) that was r...
The life cycle of a bacterial endoparasite of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The infective stage begins with the attachment of an endospore to the surface of the nematode. A germ tube then penetrates the cuticle, and mycelil colonies form in the pseudocoelom. Sporula...
Citations
... and Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens. (Dunn et al., 1982;Jatala, 1986). This fungus also invades the females or cysts of a number of nematode species (Franco et al., 1981;Gintis et al., 1983;Jatala, 1982;Jatala, 1986). ...
Reference: 39. Agriways Dec 2021
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... Son muy pocos los reportes de investigaciones a nivel mundial de la presencia o interacción entre la bacteria Pasteuria sp y el nematodo Hirschmanniella spp. entre los cuales se mencionan los realizados por Sayre y Starr (1988), en el estado de la Florida, USA, con el nematodo Hirschmanniella gracilis; y por Sturhan (1988), en Filipinas, con las especies de nematodos H. mucronata y H. oryzae. Aún mucho menos, si se toma como hospedero al cultivo del arroz. ...
... The bacteria's resistance against plant parasitic nematodes can be indirect; by producing toxins, antibiotics, siderophores, lytic enzymes, and volatile organic compounds, direct antagonism of PGPR can prevent the hatching of eggs, growth, and reproduction of PPNs via colonization, parasitism, and antibiosis (Antil et al. 2023). Pasteuria penetrans, which is not necessarily a PGPR (Sayre and Starr 1985), attacks and colonizes the body cavity of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) forming germination tubes that penetrate and rupture the cell membrane of the RKN (Bishop 2011). Bacillus spp. ...
... These organisms are described as "mycelial and endospore-forming [bacteria] that [are] parasitic on plant-parasitic nematodes" (Starr and Sayre 1988). There are four known species in the genus Pasteuria that infect plantparasitic nematodes, each having a narrow host range (Giblin-Davis et al. 2003;Noel et al. 2005;Sayre and Starr 1985;Sayre et al. 1991a;Starr and Sayre 1988). The most widely studied species, P. penetrans, parasitizes root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. ...
... Sayre and Starr (1985) threw more light on B. penetrans, which resembled the actinomycete P. ramosa, and changed its scientific name to Pasteuria penetrans (Chen and Dickson, 1998). The genus Pasteuria as erected by Metchnikoff has been maintained (Starr et al., 1983;Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, 1986). Pasteuria is gram-positive, 'mycelial' and endosporeforming ( Fig. 9.1). ...
... Pirellula staleyi (ATCC 27377 = DSM 6068) was the first characterised member of the Planctomycetes to be grown in axenic culture (Staley 1973); however, the taxonomic affiliation of this organism was not clarified until sometime later (Starr et al. 1983). Pi. staleyi, a pear-shaped organism, was isolated from Lake Lansing, Michigan, and was also found in association with the carapace of the cladoceran invertebrate Daphnia pulex ('water flea') collected from Lake Erie. ...
... The parasite fills the entire body cavity. Although axenic cultivation of Pasteuria penetrans has been reported but not confirmed, investigations have been limited to studies on naturally or artificially infected nematode hosts (Bekal, Giblin-Davis and Becker, 1999;Chen, Dickson, Freitas and Preston, 1997b;Chen and Dickson, 1998;Imbriani and Mankau, 1977;Mankau, 1975;Mankau and Imbriani, 1975;Sayre, Gherna andWergin, 1983, 1988;Starr and Sayre, 1988a) and exploration of the bacterium's potential as a biological control agent against plant-parasitic nematode populations (Chen and Dickson, 1998). Consequently, the studies have depended on finding, maintaining, and manipulating nematode populations infected with these bacteria. ...
Reference: Pasteuria
... A number of multicellular animals feed on nematodes, but there has been a paucity of information on their interactions with EPNs. With a turbellarian (i.e., flatworm), Sayre and Wergin (1994) observed that Adenoplea nanus, preyed on the juveniles of the root-knot nematode, M. incognita, and suggested that this rhabdocoel turbellarian has the potential to be a biological control agent of plant-parasitic nematodes. Although no studies have been conducted with turbellarians and EPN IJs, the research with the plant-parasitic nematode suggest that they could be a mortality factor for IJs in the soil. ...
... For example, certain evolutionary and taxonomic inferences (Woese, 1987) regarding the genus Pasteuria were based upon data concerning bacteria belonging to the Blastocaulis-Planctomyces group of budding and nonprosthecately appendaged bacteria rather than the mycelial and endospore-forming invertebrate parasites that actually comprise the genus Pasteuria. A Pasteuria ramosa-like strain was discovered infecting the cladoceran Moina rectirostris, a member of the Daphniidae (Sayre, Adams and Wergin, 1979), and this strain was used in the emendation of the species (Starr, Sayre and Schmidt, 1983). Ebert, Rainey, Embley and Scholz (1996), however, proposed that the Daphnia-parasitic Pasteuria ramosa that they had characterized from the same host as Metchnikoff (1888) be designated the neotype for Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff (1888) and that the Moina isolate be compared directly to the neotype in future studies. ...
Reference: Pasteuria
... Different ecological interactions are established between these two types of organisms since they not only share the same microhabitat but also participate in the same ecological roles, such as food chains. Some nematodes mainly feed on bacteria [121]; in contrast, some bacteria are natural nematode killers, synthesising toxic, antibiotic, or inhibitory products of soil nematodes and acting as soil nematode regulators in nature [122]. There are many different bacterial species that use different and sophisticated physiological strategies to attack nematodes and eventually feed on them. ...
