Qiang Gao's research while affiliated with Jilin Agricultural University and other places
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Publications (92)
Introduction
This study assessed the effects of S application on maize yields and soil bacterial communities across four sites with different soil types and three S application rates (0 kg ha⁻¹, 30 kg ha⁻¹, and 90 kg ha⁻¹).
Methods
Changes in soil properties, bacterial community diversity, structure, and their contributions to maize production wer...
Rhizosphere microbiomes are pivotal for crop fitness, but the principles underlying microbial assembly during root–soil interactions across soils with different nutrient statuses remain elusive.
We examined the microbiomes in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of maize plants grown under six long‐term (≥ 29 yr) fertilization experiments in three soil t...
Root plasticity is fundamental to soil nutrient acquisition and maximizing production. Different soil nitrogen (N) levels affect root development, aboveground dry matter accumulation, and N uptake. This phenotypic plasticity is well documented for single plants and specific monocultures but is much less understood in intercrops in which species com...
The mixture of controlled-release urea (CRU) and normal urea (MCU) applied as one-time basal fertilizer is a convenient and effective alternative to traditional split-nitrogen (N) fertilization, can ensure a sufficient late-season N supply to increase maize yield. However, the effects of MCU ratios on maize root development, post-silking growth, an...
Fertilizers play vital roles in agricultural production, especially for nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). The plant canopy is the main site for photosynthesis and a key factor affecting rice yield formation. The present field studies were aimed at investigating the interactive effects of N (0, 90, and 180 kg N ha−1) and K (0, 60, and 120 kg K2O ha−1)...
Ammonia volatilization (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission are the main underliers of nitrogen loss in farmlands, which can decrease nitrogen use efficiency and trigger environmental problems regarding greenhouse effects. Previous studies have regional limitations and lack universal guiding significance, as they are primarily based on individual...
Background and Aims
Due to the unique biological nitrogen fixation of legume crops, intercropping maize with legume/grass crops such as alfalfa becomes an effective way to reduce exogenous nitrogen fertilizer inputs. This study aimed to determine whether intercropping could be compared to nitrogen fertilizer application and identify potential diffe...
Soil textures Maize Fertilizer N fate N use efficiency A B S T R A C T Understanding the differential fertilizer N fates among soil textures is important to optimize crop nitrogen (N) management for reducing N losses while enhancing crop yields and N use efficiency. In this study, two-year field experiments were conducted on three contrasting soil...
Poor grain filling severely reduces rice yield. Fertilizers play a vital role in regulating grain filling, especially nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). In this field study we aimed to investigate the interactive effects of N and K on the asynchronous filling properties of superior and inferior spikelets of japonica rice. We looked at grain filling un...
Determining the best management practices (BMPs) for farmland under different soil textures can provide technical support for improving maize yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies (WUE and NUE), and reducing environmental N losses. In this study, a two-year (2013–2014) maize cultivation experiment was conducted on two pieces of farmland with...
Deficit irrigation (DI) was acknowledged as an effective technique to improve water use efficiency (WUE) without significant yield reduction. In this study, a 3-year field experiment was conducted in Northeast China during 2017-2019 to investigate the combined effects of 3-week DI from 3-leaf stage and N fertilization on maize seedling growth and d...
The soil microbial community is highly sensitive to the soil environment and can reflect changes in soil quality and soil ecosystem health. To clarify the differences in microbial structure and the effect of environmental factors on soil microbial communities in different ecological regions in Golden Maize Belt China, 72 corn soils were collected i...
Spatial variability of soil properties, crop performance, fertilization management, and tillage methods play an important role in yield prediction and improvement. However, the farm nutrient management in most regions of the world is still based on conventional and uniform management strategies, without take into consideration the spatial variabili...
The excessive application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is becoming a major agricultural problem, which reduces the utilization rate of the P fertilizer and degrades soil quality. The following five P fertilizer treatments were investigated to know how they affect soil properties, enzyme activity, bacterial and fungal community structure. 1) no P fe...
Microbiomes are important for crop performance. However, a deeper knowledge of crop-associated microbial communities is needed to harness beneficial host-microbe interactions. Here, by assessing the assembly and functions of maize microbiomes across soil types, climate zones, and genotypes, we found that the stem xylem selectively recruits highly c...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest and most important terrestrial carbon pool, and it can influence global environmental management and food security. However, the spatial variability of SOC in cultivated areas and the relative controlling factors that drive the variations across different spatial scales are still not clear. On the basis of 2...
Large herbivores often co-occur and share plant resources with herbivorous insects in grassland ecosystems; yet, how they interact with each other remains poorly understood. We conducted a series of field experiments to investigate whether and how large domestic herbivores (sheep; Ovis aries) may affect the abundance of a common herbivorous insect...
Monitoring the aboveground biomass (AGB) of maize is essential for improving site-specific nutrient management and predicting yield to ensure food safety. A low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was employed to acquire hyperspectral imagery of the maize canopy at three growth stages (V6, R1, R3) to estimate the maize AGB. Five maize nitrogen (...
Ridge tillage and straw returning are tillage practices widely used in the Chinese Mollisol region. However, the effects of ridge tillage combined with straw returning on runoff and soil loss control are still unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ridge tillage practices (contour ridge (CR)) and longitudinal ridge (LR),...
Modern rice production systems need a reliable, easy-to-use, efficient, and environmentally-friendly method to determine plant nitrogen (N) status , predict grain yield, and optimize N management. We conducted field experiments to determine the influence of different N rates on Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) readings of rice leaves. We also...
BACKGROUND
Improving potato productivity and quality plays an important role in enhancing global food security and human health. However, inappropriate fertilizer management negatively affects potato growth and tuber development, especially in developing countries where there are large numbers of smallholders without modern soil testing equipment....
Root contact and plasticity facilitate nitrogen fixation and transfer in intercrops
Large herbivores and insects commonly coexist and play important functional roles in grassland ecosystems. The interactive effects of these two animal groups in shaping ecosystem processes and functioning are poorly understood. In a semi‐arid grassland of northeastern China, we previously found a reciprocal facilitation between large herbivores (ca...
The agricultural area adjacent to highways experienced high threat ofpersistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are fromvehicle exhaust, asphalt, and tyre wear.To analyze the presence, distribution patterns, ecological risk and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soil samples were collected in farmland along a highway in Jilin prov...
Low temperatures seriously depress germination and seedling establishment in wheat and it is of great significance to explore approaches to improve wheat tolerance to low temperatures. In this study, the effects of seed pre-soaking and parental treatment with melatonin on seed germination and low temperature tolerance during the early growing stage...
The synergistic regulation effect of coordinated application of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on the protein concentration and amino acid balance in maize grains was investigated. The results showed that the coordinated application of N and S significantly increased the protein concentration of maize grains, and there were significant N × S interacti...
The compound nitrapyrin is easily adsorbed by soil organic matter in high-organic matter soils, and this results in its effectiveness reducing significantly. In this study, the adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of nitrapyrin as an adsorptive on humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) as adsorbents were investigated. The results showed that the...
As a primary food crop, maize is widely grown around the world. However, the deficiency of essential amino acids, such as lysine, tryptophan, and methionine, results in poor nutritional quality of maize. In addition, the protein concentration of maize declines with the increase in yield, which further reduces the nutritional quality. Here, the phot...
Intercropping research interest is increasing globally due to its contribution to agriculture sustainability, crop productivity, and soil quality. To better understand the advantageous effect of intercropping, a pot and field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of maize-alfalfa intercropping on the plant and soil nutrient contents under...
Ecological stoichiometry provides the possibility for linking microbial dynamics with soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) metabolisms in response to agricultural nutrient management. To determine the roles of fertilization and residue return with respect to ecological stoichiometry, we collected soil samples from a 30-year field exper...
The nitrapyrin was easily adsorbed by soil, but most current studies have focused on comparing the effects of nitrapyrin application at different soil organic matter levels and in different soil types. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm adsorption of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin in black soil, chernozem and planosol were studied in this...
Agricultural production in China is facing great challenges to ensure food security and cleaner environment; further improvements are therefore required in crop nutrient management to increase grain yield and nutrient use efficiency while synchronously reducing environmental pollution. In this study, a total of 87 site-years of on-farm experiments...
To increase crop productivity while reducing environmental costs, an integrated soil–crop system management (ISSM) strategy was developed and successfully adopted in China. However, little information is available on the long-term ISSM effects on maize agronomic and environmental performance. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ISSM with combini...
In Northeastern China, the intensive cropping system and increased use of chemical fertilizer has caused severe problems in terms of sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, to improve agricultural sustainability and crop productivity the farming system needs to be modified in the region.
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effec...
Mixed application of controlled‐release and normal urea (MCU) is considered as a promising alternative to farmers’ practice with one‐time nitrogen fertilization (FP) and optimal split nitrogen fertilization (OPT). In this study, MCU effectiveness on maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated by conducting 2‐yr field experiments on sandy and clay soils....
Remote sensing provides possibilities to support digital soil mapping at large scales, but this technology over complex landscapes is still challenging due to the high spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. The objective of this work was to check the predictive capability of SOC and soil pH over different ecoregions. First, we collected a series...
Experiments were conducted to study the adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption mechanism of nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin onto the black soil of northeastern China. The nitrapyrin adsorption kinetics of the black soil were fitted with a quasi-second-order kinetics equation before and after organic matter removal (R² ≥ 0.8320, p < .05)....
Belowground nitrogen (N) transfer from legumes to non-legumes provides an important N source for crop yield and N utilization. However, whether root contact facilitates N transfer and the extent to which N transfer contributes to crop productivity and N utilization have not been clarified. In our study, two-year rain shelter experiments were conduc...
Aims
Cereal can stimulate legume N fixation through competition for soil mineral N. In addition, organic acids in the rhizosphere can mobilize external nutrients, which may help nodulation. However, how much NO3⁻ and NH4⁺ competition and organic acids in the rhizosphere of intercropped crops contribute to N fixation remains unclear and requires stu...
Purpose
To understand which environmental factors influence the distribution and ecological functions of bacteria in agricultural soil.
Method
A broad range of farmland soils was sampled from 206 locations in Jilin province, China. We used 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina HiSeq sequencing to estimated soil bacterial community structure and functions....
Excessive or imbalanced fertilization has not only decreased nutrient use efficiency, but also degraded arable land and posed a great threat to the environment. In this study, the datasets were collected from field experiments for the period 1992 to 2017 in the main potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production regions of China. We used the Quantitative...
In recent years, integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM), i.e., using crop modeling and advanced nutrient management to redesign the cropping system, has been successfully used to improve crop yield and nutrient-use efficiency in China. However, the effects of ISSM on the properties of soils are not yet clear. Based on a seven-year (2009–2016...
Large datasets were collected from field experiments on potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) to evaluate attainable yield, yield response, relative yield, and nutrient use efficiency parameters to N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizers added in different potato production regions of China. It aimed to provide a basis for potato. nutrient management strategies. The da...
Frequent spring droughts and nitrogen (N) fertilizer overuse limit rain-fed maize production in Northeast China. However, the interactions between water-stress and N rates on maize seedling growth and root development remain elusive. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted with maize grown under three N rates (N omission, low and high N rates...
To understand the mechanisms of soil ameliorants affecting microbial communities is important for saline-sodic soils reclamation. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the fungal community in soils amended with four types of ameliorants over an 8-year period. Besides a control without any additional ameliorant (CK), other four treatme...
Although the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil microflora have been well studied, the effects should be verified across soil types and N-added levels. To understand the impacts of N fertilization on shifts in soil biological traits and bacterial communities and to further explore the coupling mediation of these parameters with respect t...
Sustainably feeding a growing population is a grand challenge, and one that is particularly difficult in regions that are dominated by smallholder farming. Despite local successes, mobilizing vast smallholder communities with science- and evidence-based management practices to simultaneously address production and pollution problems has been infeas...
Linking potassium (K) balance to soil fertility creates a valuable indicator for sustainability assessment in agricultural land-use systems. It is crucial for the efficient use of K resources, food security and resource sustainability to realize soil K balance status in China. Therefore, temporal and spatial changes of K balance for farmland in Chi...
The proportion K2O fertilizer in compound fertilizer at six regions in China.
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Other input resources (deposition, irrigation and seeds) and loss rate (leaching and runoff).
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The cake production rate of different crops and the K content in the cake manure.
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A microcosm experiment was conducted to compare how different chelating agents enhance the phytoextraction of lead (Pb) by Mirabilis jalapa from an artificially Pb-contaminated soil. Chelating agents used included ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), oxalic acid, humic acid,...
A synchronous increase in crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and soil carbon sequestration is important from the point of view of food security and environmental protection. In recent years, the practice of integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM, which uses crop models and advanced nutrient management to redesign cropping systems) ha...
Great changes have been happened over the past 30 years in chemical fertilizer input in China, and thus a gross potassium (K) budget model established to evaluate the variation of farmland K balance for China in 1980 and 2010 at the national scale is important. Results indicated that total K input in 1980 was 6.8 million tonnes, in which chemical f...
The effect of fertilizer N on maize ( Zea mays L.) root size has been reported with inconsistency. It remains unclear whether a quantitative relationship exists between soil NO 3 –N and root growth under field conditions. A 3‐yr field experiment was conducted in three soils (loamy clay, clay loam, and sandy loam) with five N treatments (from 0–312...
Background
In a continuous spring maize system in Northeast China, the accumulation and succession characteristics of nitrate in Mollisol with four fertilization treatments, including no fertilization (CK), farmers’ conventional fertilization (FC), recommendation fertilization (RF), and controlled release fertilizer application (CRF), were compared...
A long-term (18 years) effect of different fertilization and tillage management practices-fallowing treatment (no fertilizer, no cultivation); CK (no fertilizer, cultivation); N (nitrogen fertilizer); NP (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer); NK (nitrogen and potassium fertilizer); PK (phosphorus and potassium fertilizer); NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus,...
Original data set used in this manuscript.
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In this study, we examined the influence of different nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 168, 240, 270 and 312 kg N ha-1) on soil properties, maize (Zea mays L.) yields and microbial communities of three types of soils (clay, alluvial and sandy soils). Phospholipid fatty acid analysis was used to characterize soil microbial communities. Results ind...
Traditional fertilization led to higher apparent N surplus, and optimized fertilization can reduce residual nitrogen in soils with keeping high yield. But in continuous spring maize cropping zone in Mollisol in Northeast China, the effect of the optimized N management on N balance and comprehensive environment was not clear. The primary objective o...
Ammonia volatilization is an important nitrogen (N) loss pathway in agricultural production and consequent significant atmospheric pollutant. The primary objective of this study was to (1) examine effects of environmental factors such as temperature and soil water capacity, as well as crop residue (CR) addition as fertilizer, on ammonia (NH3) volat...
Returning crop residues into fields, either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer, is considered a practical way to enhance soil fertility. Yet, information concerning the effects of crop residues and inorganic fertilizer application on water extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soil is scare. The aim of this study was to examine the 10...
Nitrogen (N) is a common limiting nutrient in crop production. The N content of soil has been used as an important soil fertility index. Organic N is the major form of N in soil. In most agricultural surface soils, more than 90% of total N occurs in organic forms. Therefore, understanding the compositional characteristics of soil organic N function...
Em razão da sua insolubilidade, a humina é o componente menos compreendido das substâncias húmicas do solo. Essa insolubilidade deve-se principalmente à forte ligação desse componente aos coloides inorgânicos do solo. Ao quebrar a ligação entre humina e coloides do solo, utilizando alguns solventes orgânicos ou inorgânicos, a humina total pode ser...
The adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto humic acid (HA) which was isolated from cattle manure (CHA), peat (PHA), and leaf litter (LHA) as a function of contact time, pH, ion strength, and initial concentration was studied using the batch method. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to examine the coordination environment of the...
The influence of pressure, temperature, residence time, and alkali addition on the gasification of corn straw in supercritical water was investigated. Changing the pressure did not seriously affect the hydrogen production. An increase in the temperature notably improved the conversion of biomass. Residence time variations revealed that with longer...
In the continuous Spring Maize system in Northeast China,the nitrate accumulation and succession characteristics of different soils and fertility in three locations with five fertilization treatments, which included no fertilizer treatment (CK), farmer conventional treatment (FC), recommendation fertilization (RF), control-released fertilizer (CRF)...
Agriculture faces great challenges to ensure global food security by increasing yields while reducing environmental costs1, 2. Here we address this challenge by conducting a total of 153 site-year field experiments covering the main agro-ecological areas for rice, wheat and maize production in China. A set of integrated soil–crop system management...
Breeding high-yielding and nutrient-efficient cultivars is one strategy to simultaneously resolve the problems of food security, resource shortage, and environmental pollution. However, the potential increased yield and reduction in fertilizer input achievable by using high-yielding and nutrient-efficient cultivars is unclear. In the present study,...
The impact of global changes on food security is of serious concern. Breeding novel crop cultivars adaptable to climate change is one potential solution, but this approach requires an understanding of complex adaptive traits for climate-change conditions. In this study, plant growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and yield in relation to climatic resource u...
A 20 years (1984-2004) stationary field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers (N or NPK) alone or in combination with low (0.125 kg x hm(-2)) or high dose of corn stalk (0.25 kg x hm(-2)) on organic carbon functional groups in black soil using synchrotron radiation soft X-ray near-edge abs...
Estimating the nutrient requirements of corn (Zea mays L.) is crucial to facilitate fertilizer management practices and agricultural policies. Our understanding of crop nutrient uptake requirements is limited by traditional site-specific nutrient recommendation algorithms. A database composed of 1065 on-farm observations collected during 2006 to 20...
The overestimation of nitrogen (N) uptake requirement under a high-yield cropping system with maize (Zea mays L.) has been a driving force in the overuse of N fertilization and environmental pollution in China. A database comprising 1246 measurements collected between 2005 and 2009 from 105 on-farm and station experiments conducted in the spring ma...
Chinese farmers believe that more fertilizer and higher grain yields are synonymous. A better understanding of the relationship between corn (Zea mays L.) yields and N rate could help agronomists match fertilizer rates with plant requirements. The objective of this study is to evaluate corn yield response to applied N fertilizer and to understand t...
The effect of earthworms on humus composition and humic acid (HA) characteristics was studied in a rice–wheat rotation agroecosystem. Experimental plots in the rotation had five treatments, i.e., incorporation or mulching of maize residues with or without added earthworms and a control. Compared with the control, the application of maize residues t...
Changes of land-use type (LUT) can affect soil nutrient pools and cycling processes that relate long-term sustainability of ecosystem, and can also affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming through soil respiration. We conducted a comparative study to determine NH4+ and NO3− concentrations in soil profiles (0–200cm) and examined the...
Citations
... Numerous studies have attributed this phenomenon to the strong influence of plant roots on the process of bacterial community assembly [48,49]. Plant roots can selectively alter the structure of N-cycling microorganisms in straw-amended soils [18], and this phenomenon in the rhizosphere is closely related to the functional requirements of the plant itself [50]. N application did not have a marked effect on microbial beta diversity in the straw-amended soils. ...
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... Different fertilization strategies will affect the absorption and utilization of N in different forms (Irmak et al. 2023). As demonstrated by the previous relevant studies, the application of soil conditioners can improve the use e ciency of N in different forms (Su et al. 2024; Zhang et al. 2023a). A soil conditioner is a product which is added to soil to improve the soil's physical and chemical properties, thus improving soil structure, regulating soil pH value, repairing contaminated soil, reducing soil salination and promoting soil moisture (Leite et al. 2023). ...
... Hyperspectral images can also be used to assess nutritional status of the crops calculating vegetation indices and chlorophyll content (Li et al., 2023b;Lleó et al., 2023). In detail, nitrogen content assessment is the major challenge for farmers for reducing fertilisers (Dai et al., 2023) and researchers focuses on how to extract nitrogen content information for cotton (Li et al., 2023c), wheat Ju et al., 2023;Li et al., 2023a), corn (Han et al., 2022;Jia et al., 2023;Ranghetti et al., 2023), olive trees (Rubio-Delgado et al., 2021), and rice (Moharana and Dutta, 2016). ...
... Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application can accelerate crop growth, root and shoot growth and development, and increase nitrogen uptake. However, excessive or insufficient nitrogen application can change crop growth morphology, affecting dry matter distribution and accumulation [32,33]. In the early stage of maize growth, degradable plastic film and ordinary plastic film coverage can form a "diaphragm effect" to significantly promote maize growth. ...
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... The leaf area recorded increased as the N dose increased from 0 kg N to 150 kg N ha −1 . Rahman et al. (2014) Xu et al. (2023) reported that the application of N and K significantly increased the leaf area index (LAI). Plant height, branching architecture, and panicles control how efficiently plants use N and distribute it across various organs. ...
... Microorganisms in soil play a crucial role in regulating the organic carbon present. They have the ability to modify the composition of soil carbon through various mechanisms associated with carbon sequestration, ultimately influencing the carbon cycle within the soil [9][10][11][12]. Studies have shown that the return of organic matter to the field has been proven to increase SOC storage [13][14][15][16][17] and promote the stability of the soil carbon pool [18]. ...
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... Soil microorganisms participate in N-cycling and transformation, including mineralization, nitrification, reduction, and N fixation [36]. The activity and composition of the microbial communities can affect the content and availability of the different forms of N in the soil [10]. Our study demonstrates the potential of the combined treatment of AMF and biochar in shaping the soil microbial community, especially in −P treatments, indicated by its distinct clustering and its association with a specific module in the co-occurrence network analysis. ...
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... Під час вегетації амоній швидко перетворюється на нітрат, що називається нітрифікацією. Нітрат є основною формою азоту, що поглинається рослиною [4]. ...
... On the other hand, organic fertilizers provide not only nitrogen (N) but also other essential nutrients including P, K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), along with a variety of microorganisms. Synergies between elements like N and K have been shown to lead to higher crop yields (Xu et al., 2023). Furthermore, the use of organic amendments is known to foster the growth of beneficial microbes within the rhizosphere and bolster plant development in challenging environments (Das et al., 2022). ...
... Wang et al. [57] also showed that both maize yield and nitrogen accumulation increased significantly with the increase of soil clay content under various irrigation practices. However, Li et al. [58] highlighted that maize yield and nitrogen accumulation in loamy soil were significantly higher than in clay and sandy soil. The differences among these results might be caused by the differences in planting methods and meteorological conditions in the planting regions. ...
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