Qaiser Hayat's research while affiliated with Aligarh Muslim University and other places

... Ali and Mohamed (2013) Showed that (SA) had a significant effect on all studied traits and produced the highest seed yield. Alyemeni (2014) recorded that SA treatment resulted in a significant increase of growth and yield. The result of El-Shafey (2017) and Estaji and Niknam (2020) showed that application of salicylic acid had significant effect on growth parameters, seed yield components and seed oil quality. ...

... As mentioned earlier, NaCl causes the stomatal closure thereby decreasing the partial CO 2 pressure [51] as well as internal CO 2 concentration and consequently CA activity [48] as its activity is largely regulated by the CO 2 concentration [52]. The observed decrease in CA activity is in agreement with other reports [53,54]. The damage caused by salt stress can also be attributed to water stress or a kind of physiological drought generated by NaCl [55] as evident from the decrease in WUE in present study. ...

... AMF plays an important role in stimulating plant uptake of water and nutrients such as phosphorus and increasing the plant root surface area (Ren et al., 2019), increasing plant tolerance to adverse conditions especially salt stress (Bijalwan et al., 2021) via improving chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency and capacity, hormone homeostasis and antioxidant activity (Youssef et al. 2018, Bijalwan et al. 2021and Wu et al., 2021 and thereby enhancing the plant growth, survival rate, yield, and fruit quality under biotic and abiotic stressful conditions. Salicylic acid, a monohydroxy-benzoic acid, is one of the strong candidates for salinity ameliorators (Khan et al. 2014, Youssef et al. 2018, Naeem et al. 2020and Desire & Arslan 2021 that have recently been recognized as a naturally occurring plant hormone that can be involved in diverse plant physiological and biochemical processes including plant growth, flower induction, photosynthesis, thermogenesis, nutrient uptake, membrane permeability, ethylene biosynthesis, stomatal movements and enzyme activity (Hayat et al., 2010, andRam et al., 2014). Youssef et al. (2018) found that salicylic acid attenuated the adverse effects of salinity on growth and yield and enhanced peroxidase isozyme expression more competently than the other osmoprotectants, proline and glycine betaine, in cucumber plants. ...

... Moreover, proline itself can contribute to ROS scavenging and protect the plant from salt-mediated oxidative stress (El Moukhtari et al. 2020). In Cicer arietinum, proline supply has also been proven efficient in improving the efficiency of nitrogen fixation under cadmium stress (Alyemeni et al. 2016). ...

... Moreover, as mentioned before, the proline concentration of 0.287% resulted in higher stomatal conductance compared to other concentrations, corroborating Alyemeni et al. (2014), who maintained a constant CO 2 supply by delivering ten mM of proline to chickpea, thus obtained increased stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and plant efficiency. ...

... (glutam-ate dehydrogenase) at 2 sampling phase(60 and ninety DAS), severally as contrast to manage. However, not like alternative parameters, the endogenous amino alkanoic acid level and the activities of enzyme, oxidase and enzyme showed a rise with the increasing level of cadmium (Hayat et al., 2013). ...

... Lead can induce stomatal closure in tobacco, Leucaena leucocephala, black gram, and soybean plants [11,[34][35][36]; Cd can induce the stomata closure of Monochoria hastata, rice, Brassica juncea, Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess, cowpea, Hordeum Vulgare, and Pennisetum sp. [5,[37][38][39][40][41][42]; Hg can induce spruce stomata to close [43]; Zn can induce stomata closure in cowpea plants [12]; Cu and Ni can induce tomato stomata to close [44,45]; Ba can induce soybean stomata to close [17]; Sb can induce stomata closure in Acorus calamus [46]; and Al exposure can lead Quercus glauca Thumb plant stomata to close [47]. These results suggest that different heavy metal exposures can lead to stomatal closure in different plant species, which is likely to be one of the compensatory mechanisms by which plants respond to heavy metal stress. ...

... Furthermore, our findings revealed that different concentrations of exogenous ABA significantly elevated the activities of protective enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline in S. viciifolia seedlings. This suggests that exogenous ABA contributes to improved osmoregulation and enzymatic activity under drought stress, thereby enhancing the seedlings' capacity for ROS scavenging and peroxide detoxification, and safeguarding the integrity of cytoplasmic membrane structures and functions [38]. This study's insights are congruent with research conducted by Nazar et al. [39,40]. ...

... WUE was enhanced in Sandal variety which was treated with salicylic acid and CaCl 2 than the Sundar. Spraying of chickpea plants under cadmium stress with SA was observed for the increased rate of WUE [35]. ...

... Fortunately, SA can help to increase the nutrient content in plants under metal(loid)-stress (Table 1). For example, 100 lM SA increases the Fe, Ca, and Mg content in soybean under 53 lM Cd (Table 1; Drazic & Mihailovic, 2005), and 10 lM SA enhances the efficiency of nitrogen fixation and assimilation in chickpea plants under 223-893 lM Cd stress (Table 1; Hayat et al., 2014). This is because salicylic acid can alter the plasma membrane properties to increase the activity of H þ -ATPase, thereby facilitating plant nutrient assimilation under Cd stress (Gordon et al., 2004;B. ...