Phang Boon Lim's research while affiliated with Imperial College London and other places

... Endothelial dysfunction is an important feature of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID [44][45][46]. Whether endothelial dysfunction occurs via effects of cytokines borne by the plasma [47] or by infection of endothelial cells themselves remains under debate. Some studies find low ACE2 expression and low infectivity of endothelial cells [48], while other studies find that endothelial cells can bind and internalize SARS-CoV-2 S protein in lung [49] and other tissues such as brain [50] and can cause degeneration of endothelial cells [27]. ...

... The results of the present study indicate that the participants with NTwV had complaints that could be associated with vestibular damage. So far, the association of neck trauma with vestibular system ailments has not gained scientific acceptance, as indicated in a recent Barany Society position paper [48]. However, the observed vestibular problems, which were postural imbalance, problems rising from a chair, the impact of hyperacusis, fatigue, and a reduced E-QoL, could be due to head injury, as a majority of the victims with NTwV had simultaneous TBI. ...

... While studies of activation mapping using shorter recording durations of 10 s have shown AF mapping to be unstable, more recent methods such as using an orbital plot to accumulate and analyse these data over at least 30 s have demonstrated evidence of spatiotemporal stability of activation wavefronts, complex fractionated atrial EGMs, and bipolar voltage. 33 A study using non-contact charge density mapping to create a global activation map using an ultrasound basket catheter to generate a reconstruction of the atria and to collect EGM signals found that irregular activation patterns characterized by changing wavefront direction are both temporally and spatially more stable than focal activations or localized rotational activations; however, they also noted that stability appeared dependent on recording duration and only up to 30 s of recording was performed. 34 Electrographic flow mapping attempts to address these limitations by organizing the chaotic endocardial EGMs during AF even at noise levels that cannot be interpreted by the human eye. ...

... Strict control of risk factors is even more relevant in some high-risk categories, like individuals with masked hypertension and non-dipping/reverse dipping profiles, who are at increased risk of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) and cardiovascular events [4] and were not uncommon in the subset of individuals with complete BP profile in our study. Similarly, both orthostatic hypotension and hypertension are correlated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events [22,23], and more than one in 10 individuals in our population suffered from either one of these conditions, in line with data from highrisk hypertensive populations [24]. The observation that a significant number of participants, particularly those at high and very high cardiovascular risk, did not meet the target LDL-cholesterol values highlights the need for more effective and targeted strategies for lipid management in these patients. ...

... The work presented demonstrates the importance and safety of using the tilt test to investigate syncope, pre-syncope, or postural dizziness in the general population, being a methodology that remains useful, particularly in developing countries 11 . ...

... Electrical resynchronization with LBBP was defined with ECGI as a change in activation pattern as compared to the baseline with early activation of the septal area 28 and shortening of the left ventricular activation time. 29 ...

... In another study comparing RFA versus PFA, it was found that PFA is an exciting new technology; it was also found that PFA may be more friendly to certain nerves, allowing for this selectivity to be fully utilized, providing unique opportunities for ganglion-subtraction ablation. While the results of ganglion subtraction from ablation appear to be favorable in the short term, the long-term safety and efficacy of ablation are still worth exploring [41,[85][86][87][88][89]. ...

... Sato et al. recently reported that slower global LA-CV on an imaging system was associated with AF recurrence after PVI [19]. Although other CV measurement methods include the value calculated between geodesic linear pole pairs or in triad areas with minimum interelectrode distance along the wave front path [13,[20][21][22], they are considered to indicate local or regional CV, which only show limited electrical characteristics in LA. Our unique model of the magnitude of the matched orthogonal projection vector calculated in the triangle area can indicate regional CV and can also represent a gravel CV by evaluating the median of LA-CVs among four different sample sites in both the anterior and posterior walls separately. ...

... Importantly, this was the first study to specifically target ET-GP rather than AVD-GP. Functional autonomic work in patients with paroxysmal AF has demonstrated that AVD-GP and ET-GP have different anatomical distributions within the atrium [18]. This highlights the importance of functional testing to identify the location of GP and may account for differential success rates in targeted GP ablation. ...

... 7) Although BiV pacing results in more rapid depolarization of the left ventricle, dyssynchrony is not eliminated entirely. 8) Furthermore, the operator is beholden to the cardiac venous anatomy insofar as to what pacing location is possible. Resynchronization suffers further as LV pacing location deviates from the basal lateral LV. [9][10][11] Finally, permanent lead positioning in a suitable cardiac vein can be challenging in some instances due to tortuosity, vessel caliber, anatomically inaccessible coronary sinus ostia, or prohibitive concomitant diaphragmatic stimulation. ...