Paula A. Desmond's research while affiliated with Southwestern University and other places
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Publications (17)
The Problem. Fatigue is a serious safety problem for drivers. There are several separate sources of fatigue including sleep loss, circadian rhythm effects, and the intrinsic demands and workload of the driving task. It is important to understand both the processes that generate fatigue in the driver and the impact of fatigue states on information p...
This paper reports the findings of two field studies of Australian drivers in which individual differences in stress and fatigue were investigated. In the first study, 58 professional drivers completed measures of mood, fatigue and other subjective stress state measures, before and after performing a prolonged driving trip. The results indicated th...
States of fatigue are implicated in driver impairment and motor vehicle accidents. This article reports two studies investigating two possible mechanisms for performance impairment: (1) loss of attentional resources; and (2) active regulation of matching effort to task demands. The first hypothesis predicts that fatigue effects will be accentuated...
A study of sustained visual attention during simultaneous and successive vigilance task paradigms is reported. 50 participants completed a simultaneous sensory vigilance task with a low event rate, and 50 different participants completed a successive sensory vigilance task with a low event rate. In the simultaneous task participants were presented...
Two studies of real-life driving are reported in which individual differences in fatigue and stress were explored in Australian professional and non-professional drivers. In Study 1 58 truck drivers completed subjective measures of mood and stress states before and after a prolonged driving trip. The Task-Induced Fatigue Scale (TIFS) was also used...
The effects of ephedrine on the development of fatigue in a prolonged driving-related task were investigated using three independent measures. Subjects (n=15) received either ephedrine (60 mg) or a placebo before carrying out a 3-way divided attention task for an uninterrupted 4 h period, during which cardiac inter-beat interval was monitored. A ba...
This article reports the development of a multidimensional measure of subjective fatigue states, and its associations with personality in an experimentally-controlled context. In a study of simulated driving, 256 subjects completed a new 24-item fatigue scale as well as other subjective state measures, before and after performing a fatiguing drive....
A driving simulator study investigated the effect of automation of the driving task on performance under fatiguing driving conditions. In the study, drivers performed both a manual drive, in which they had full control over the driving task, and an automated drive, in which the vehicle was controlled by an automated driving system. During both driv...
The effect of a motivational manipulation in reducing fatigue-related impairments in simulated driving performance was examined. Drivers performed both a fatiguing drive and a control drive. The motivational manipulation, a driving skill assessment instruction, appeared in early and late stages of both drives. Lateral control of the vehicle was ass...
Two driving simulator studies are reported which investigate the variation of fatigue effects with task demands and provide recommendations for system design to counteract driver fatigue. Two opposing explanations of the interactive effects of task demands and fatigue were examined. One explanation is that fatigue drains attentional resources, so t...
Air traffic control operations provide a potential example of risk homeostasis theory (RHT) in a non-transportational domain. This paper addresses the issue of whether reductions in intrinsic risk can be negated by behavioural adjustments of operators. Following variations in mental workload, previous studies have suggested that air traffic control...
The suggestion that utility is logically necessary for behavioural adjustments to be made in response to changes in intrinsic risk is fundamental to risk homeostasis theory (RHT). However, the methodology used to investigate RHT — analysis of road traffic accidents — is ill-suited to the investigation of this assertion. The role of utility and intr...
Presents a conceptual model of driver stress that distinguishes between emotional distress, aggression and frustration, and fatigue. Three general mechanisms through which stress and the use of in-car systems may interact to affect performance, generally detrimentally, are (1) overload of attentional capacity, (2) disruption of executive control of...
Citations
... However, monitoring automated systems can present several human challenges, including a decrease in vigilance over time [8] and low monitoring performance [2]. This decline is attributed to both cognitive overload, which can result in cognitive fatigue and cognitive tunneling [9], and cognitive underload, which can cause mind wandering, low motivation, and increased distraction [10]. Therefore, one way to tackle this issue is to ensure the operator can balance their level of engagement throughout the monitoring task. ...
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... Moreover, several recent studies have documented stress as one of the traditional negative emotions, which could be a symptom of potential accident risk [6,36,37]. Based on the transactional framework for driver's stress, these studies linked stress with unsafe/risky driving behavior through psychophysiological mechanisms (stress reactions) [6,38]. Tis theoretical approach defned unsafe/risky driving behavior as transactional outcomes generated by interactions between drivers and the changing driving context [6]. ...
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... One theory that combines the notions of amount of external workload and degree of automation in a single construct is psychological arousal theory. From the research that has been devoted to this theory, it follows that the pilot does not just attempt to minimize his effective workload (or arousal level), but rather tries to optimize it (Young & Stanton, 1997;Wilson & Rajan, 1995;Matthews & Desmond, 1997). In the present study, pilot arousal level is seen as being determined by the combination of current degree of cockpit automation -seen as a type of "resources" -, and Elapsed Flight Duty Period (FDP) -seen as a type of "demands". ...
... Performance trends are not consistent when workload transitions. For example, performance after a workload transition has been found to improve (Krulewitz et al., 1975;Matthews, 1986;Matthews and Desmond, 2002;Ungar et al., 2005), deteriorate (Cox-Fuenzalida, 2007;Matthews and Desmond, 2002;Ungar et al., 2005), neither improve nor deteriorate (Helton et al., 2008;Jansen et al., 2016;Kim et al., 2019;Morgan and Hancock, 2011), and/or alternate between improving and deteriorating over time (Devlin et al., 2021;Gluckman et al., 1993;Moroney et al., 1995). For multitasking environments, two explanations are primarily cited: ...
... Driving simulators are essential in different fields of study and have been widely used for investigations on the impact of individual driver's differences, vehicle technology, driver support systems, road projects, and effectiveness of road safety interventions [18]. They have become versatile towards achieving different objectives [19][20][21], and enable analyses of several factors that influence drivers' behaviors (e.g., emotional Sustainability 2021, 13, 9448 3 of 13 state [22][23][24], and use of hallucinogenic substances [25][26][27] and distracting devices such as cell phones [28][29][30]). ...
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... TUT frequency should decline with time on task TUT frequency should increase with time on task in the former requires memory, whereas perceptual features distinguish targets in the latter (Desmond et al. 2001). Parasuraman (1979Parasuraman ( , 1985 compared the impact of concurrent memory use on vigilance performance across 42 vigilance tasks drawn from the literature. ...
... They further observed that complacency (or overreliance) has been proposed as an explanation for the degraded performance under automation (de Waard et al., 1999). However, alternative explanations, such as users' expectations about the automation (Nilsson, 1995), mobilization of effort (Desmond et al., 1998), and mental workload (Stanton et al., 1997), have also been suggested for drivers' degraded performance under vehicle automation. ...
Reference: Reflections on Automation Complacency
... They may indeed engage in more risky online behaviors once in the workplace, a process that has been linked to the risk compensation hypothesis. 13,24 Such a process means that the individual will often be seen to take more risks with cybersecurity and information security in the workplace as they perceive such environments to be more protected by technological interventions (e.g., firewalls, antivirus software) compared with their home networks. 13 The drive for the individual to stay online and remain connected to social media could in turn serve to make them override accepted policies and protocols related to organizational ISA. ...
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... Another theme here is individual differences in vulnerability to fatigue and performance impairment. Following both real and simulated drives, individuals differ markedly in the extent and patterning of fatigue responses that ensue (e.g., Desmond, Matthews, & Bush, 2001). Identifying fatigue-prone drivers and monitoring the build-up of fatigue over time is important for applied research. ...
Reference: Driving in States of Fatigue or Stress
... time aspects of takeover, TTC, resulting acceleration, and steeling wheel angle) was analysed by mixed ANOVA tests; Nominal data (i.e. hasty takeover and braking and steering behaviour) was analysed by Chi-square tests and McNemar tests; And ordinal data (attitudinal data) was analysed by Mann-Whitney U tests and Friedman tests (McCrum-Gardner, 2008;Field, 2013). Fig. 7 shows the average trajectories of the older and younger drivers when taking over control from the HAV using different types of HMIs on the two simulated road environment: the city road; and motorway. ...
