Paul Bloem's research while affiliated with World Health Organization WHO and other places

... According to the Global Strategy for Cancer of the Cervix Elimination adopted in 2020 by the World Health Assembly, every country should meet the 90-70-90 targets by 2030 i.e. "90% of girls fully vaccinated with the HPV vaccine by the age of 15, 70% of women screened using a high-performance test by the age of 35, and again by the age of 45, 90% of women with pre-cancer treated and 90% of women with invasive cancer managed". All countries must reach and maintain an incidence rate of below 4 per 100,000 women to eliminate cervical cancer [4]. In Nigeria, agestandardized rates for cancer of the cervix are much higher, at 36.0 per 100,000 [5], and many cases of cervical cancer have a late presentation. ...

... Since then, updated data from the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial (CVT) showed stable antibodies up to 16 years after one dose vaccination 5 and the Kenya single-dose HPV-vaccine efficacy randomised-controlled trial (KEN SHE RCT) showed 98% one-dose efficacy after 36 months 6 . The SAGE announcement was also based on modeling suggesting that one-dose vaccination could lead to similar population-level reductions in cervical cancers in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) as two doses whilst being a more efficient use of vaccine doses, if one-dose duration of protection lasts longer than 20 years 7,8 . ...

... Concurrently, the coverage for the three doses of polio vaccine escalated from 22% in 1980 to 80% in 2006, and measles immunization coverage expanded from 16% in 1980 to 80% in 2006. Despite these advances, the attainment still lags behind the WHO/UNICEF Global Immunization Vision and Strategy's 2010 target of 90%, underscoring the imperative for enhancing DPT, polio, and measles vaccine coverage to avert millions of infant deaths (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). This investigation primarily aims to evaluate the immunization coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months and to identify prevalent factors contributing to incomplete immunization (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). ...

... The study showed that high HPV vaccination coverage for girls, and two-lifetime cervical screenings, could eliminate cervical cancer overall by the end of the century and substantially decrease all cases among women living with HIV over the short and medium term. 107 However, the study showed that achieving the elimination of cervical cancer among WLHIV requires adding three-yearly screenings among women in this group in order to achieve the elimination threshold. 108 This has been emphasized as especially important in countries with high HIV and cervical cancer burdens to reduce the disparities between women living with and without HIV. ...

... Vaccination stands as a powerful tool in the global fight against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections, significantly reducing the risk of HPV-related cancers. Despite this, the prevalence of diseases linked to HPV infections, notably CC, persists as a major health concern [12]. In fact, CC ranks as the fourth most common cancer in women globally [1]. ...

... More than half of the women reported an AE after the first dose, most frequently pain at the injection site, but the proportion with an AE and their pain levels were significantly lower after the third dose, and no AE was severe (grade 3 or 4). In a clinical trial of the tetravalent HPV vaccine in Spain, our group also found no relevant vaccination-related viral-immunological, clinical, or analytical alterations in adult MSM-LHIV, who showed a significant increase in the level of antibodies against target HPV genotypes [32]. Two meta-analyses on the immunogenicity, safety, and effectiveness of bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent HPV vaccines reported a solid and safe immune response and a reduction over time in antibody titers and seropositivity rates, although these continued to be elevated [33,34]. ...

... (Table 2). The identified barriers were as follows, with the vote count in brackets: the lack of knowledge and awareness about the HPV vaccine/program (78); the lack of school attendance (63); parents not consenting to vaccination (61); myths and misconceptions such as the HPV vaccine is an experiment, vaccination is an initiation into satanism, the HPV vaccine can bring cancer, someone can become lame after receiving the HPV vaccine, and misinformation about cervical cancer prevention (51); external influence by friends and families (49); COVID-19 pandemic-some adolescents thought the vaccine was for COVID-19 rather than HPV infection prevention (34); and fear of vaccine side effects (32). The top three barriers with the highest votes were identified and tailored to implementation strategies. ...

... Sympien et al., 2022 stated that universal HPV vaccination could prevent 70-90% of HPV-related diseases, including genital warts and cancers. The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to vaccinate 90% of girls by age 15 and screen and treat older women to eliminate cervical cancer by the next century (Bruni., 2021). Four HPV vaccines are currently available: Gardasil, Cervarix, Gardasil 9, and Cecolin (Lin., 2023). ...

... There is also the possibility that participation in the HPV screening programmes varies by occupational category [57]. With this regard, certain working categories might represent special populations to be targeted with interventions aimed at increasing CC screening participation [24,25,58]. Also, the workplace might represent a novel setting for screening initiatives [59][60]. ...

... Our search yielded 246 articles and finally included 28 studies as shown in the Prisma flow chart in Figure 1. Most articles included multiple countries n = 8 [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], while the rest included single countries as follows: South Africa n = 3 [51,52], Malawi n = 2 [53,54], Tanzania n = 2 [55,56], Uganda n = 2 [57,58], and one each for Botswana [59], Cameroon [60], The Gambia [61], Ghana [62], Mozambique [63], Nigeria [64], Rwanda [65], Senegal [66], Togo [67], Zambia [68], and Zimbabwe [69]. ...