Pat Crawford's research while affiliated with University of California, Berkeley and other places
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Publications (18)
Introduction: Concerns about child obesity and school meal quality have prompted a resurgence of interest in scratch-cooking. New federal meal standards provide a unique opportunity for schools to revise their menus and consider doing more scratch-cooking. However questions persist regarding how scratch-cooking affects the bottom line. USDA foods (...
School meal programs feed approximately half of school children in the US, and thus play an important role in student nutrition. In addition to cash reimbursements, schools receive USDA Foods (formerly commodities), which make up one-fifth of food used in school meals; their nutritional contribution to these meals is significant. While USDA Foods c...
Introduction: Under-consumption of fruits and vegetables is common among children, particularly those from lower-income households. To address this concern, the USDA Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) distributes free fruits and vegetable snacks outside school mealtimes in schools with high proportions of low-income students. FFVP aims to inc...
In 2004 the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act required that school districts adopt a comprehensive wellness policy by the 2007-8 school year. These policies had to address the school meal program, nutrition standards, nutrition education, and physical education/physical activity. The USDA funded a demonstration project in 3 states to exam...
In 2005, the Institute of Medicine's report "WIC Food Packages: Time for a Change," recommended changes to align the WIC food packages with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. California completed the change to the new WIC foods on October 1, 2009. In the six months preceding the change, California implemented a comprehensive statewide nutri...
Background: The school wellness policy demonstration project provided a unique opportunity to compare and contrast how different levels of state regulation affect the school food environment as schools were implementing their federally mandated wellness policies. This study aimed to determine the impact of the federal and state mandates on school f...
Changing institutional practices within schools has been the focus of many efforts to support children to be active, eat healthfully and prevent obesity. California led the way in this regard by passing the first state wide school nutrition standards that applied to all grade levels. The primary barrier has been concerns regarding financial losses...
Few studies have investigated the relationship between eating frequency and obesity. We used dietary 3-day dietary record data collected nearly annually from 1,213 black and 1,166 white girls in the 10-year NHLBI Growth and Health Study to examine number and distribution of total eating episodes, meals, and snacks. We observed a great deal of varia...
Compared to schools, childcare has received less research and policy focus on obesity prevention. Yet, a growing body of research highlights the importance of developing healthy habits and combating obesity at the youngest ages. We undertook a multi-method research project to determine the extent to which nutrition and physical activity (PA) practi...
In the midst of the obesity epidemic, Americans are eating one billion meals a week outside the home; a practice which is a likely contributor to the documented increase in daily calorie intake by adults. A pilot intervention was evaluated to assess the impact of menu labeling on Kaiser hospital cafeteria patron awareness, attitudes, and menu item...
Passage of California Senate Bills 12 and 965 called for the implementation of unprecedented nutrition standards which regulate school foods and beverages in all K-12 schools. This was the first legislation of its kind that applies to high school aged youth. A comprehensive evaluation comparing pre- and post-implementation was conducted with 56 ran...
Reliance on food banks and other emergency food providers is increasing as unemployment rises in this stressful economic climate. Given the poor financial forecast, such reliance may be longer term, re-defining the need for so-called emergency food to meet nutritional needs beyond food sufficiency. In 2008, MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger, a Jew...
The passage of California Senate Bills 12 and 965 called for the implementation of unprecedented nutrition standards which regulate school foods and beverages in all K-12 schools. This is the only legislation of its kind that applies to K-12. A comprehensive two-year evaluation comparing pre- and post-implementation was conducted with 57 randomly-s...
Three state-wide studies in California are being conducted by the Center for Weight and Health to assess the impact of school nutrition policies on various outcomes. Due to concerns that a switch to healthier options might adversely affect sales, the impact of nutrition policies on both meal program revenues and sales of competitive foods are of pa...
Nationally, approximately 5 million children ages 3-5 attend licensed child care, where they receive much of their daily nutrition. Yet little is known about the nutrition and physical activity practices and policies in child care. In 2007, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation provided a grant to California Food Policy Advocates, UC Berkeley's Center...
The California Legislature enacted legislation to establish the nation's first program earmarking funds to increase consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables (F/V) in the school breakfast program. In 2006-7, an extensive evaluation of the implementation of the California Fresh Start Program was conducted to determine the adequacy of the funding pr...
BACKGROUND: California, like all states in the nation, faces an epidemic of poor nutrition and physical inactivity which adversely affects children's health. In response, The California Endowment's Healthy Eating, Active Communities program is working to change the nutrition and physical activity environments for children in six low income communit...
PURPOSE: Numerous programs around the country are working to promote physical activity among youth. The findings from a large survey of 7th and 9th grade students participating in the Healthy Eating, Active Communities (HEAC) initiative in California which examined students' physical activity attitudes and behaviors can help inform these efforts. M...
