P.S. Broughton's research while affiliated with Edinburgh Napier University and other places

... Previous research indicates that speeding is associated with driver, environmental and vehicle factors. Among human factors, gender, age, driver attitudes and personality have been among the variables associated with speeding (Fuller et al. 2008;Høye 2020;Javid and Al-Roushdi 2019). Studies suggest that males and young people are more prone to exceeding the posted speed limits (Al-Mistarehi et al. 2022;Richard et al. 2020;Yadav and Velaga 2021). ...

... Similarly, males were found to be aggressive and were more likely to over speed when compared to females (Laapotti et al., 2003;Møller & Haustein, 2014;Williams et al., 2006). Studies also highlighted that many drivers are subject to time-saving bias, and drivers who feel the time pressure adopt higher speeds (R Fuller et al., 2008;Ray Fuller et al., 2007). Peer influences may also encourage risky driving behavior, such as speeding (Simons-Morton et al., 2005). ...

... Data triangulation further enhanced validity, incorporating various sources such as field notes, meeting minutes and transcriptions from focus group discussions to mutually validate findings. Themes play a crucial role in describing phenomena deemed significant to the study (Fuller et al., 2008). Additionally, narrative analysis was combined with thematic analysis. ...

... In other contexts, programs of one-day duration have been found to be useful and well received by two wheeler riders. For example, a one day long course called National RIDE Scheme in UK (Burgess, Broughton, Fylan, & Stradling, 2010) involves presentations and group discussions and targets riders who have committed traffic offense /exhibited risky behaviours such as excessive speeding and is aimed at increasing self-awareness and responsible approach to motorcycling. Faulks (2011) reviewed the utility of road safety advertising and campaigns guided by social marketing principles in mobilizing engagement of stakeholders and recommended developments of innovative interventions along these lines. ...

... The risk taken by motorcyclists during holiday might vary based on their attitude, on the type of travel and on the travelling group, if any. For instance, while generally acknowledging a risk propensity among the riders' community, some motorcyclists might simply seek for a safe outdoor tour, without any speed or skill-based challenge (Broughton and Stradling, 2005). Independently of the attitude towards risk, all motorcycling travellers have in common a specific and interest-based travel motivation, i. e. riding their bike on vacation. ...

... Despite all this research, there is still uncertainty regarding the relative importance of these factors, and how this information can be used to develop countermeasures that effectively target specific types of drivers. Hemenway & Solnick, 1993;Harré et al., 1996;Rienstra & Rietvald, 1996;Stradling et al., 2001;Shinar, Schechtman, & Compton, 2001;DePelsmacker & Janssens, 2006;Charlton et al., 2006;Rhodes & Pivik, 2011;Richard et al, 2013;Richard et al, 2017Personality Attitudes, Habits, Personal & Social Norms, Thrill-seeking, Beliefs Clément & Jonah, 1984Parker, Manstead, & Stradling, 1995;Arnett et al., 1997;Gabany et al., 1997;Jonah, 1997;Shinar, 1998;Corbett, 2000;Stradling et al., 2001;Jonah et al., 2001;Deffenbacher, Deffenbacher, Lynch, & Richards, 2003;Shinar & Compton, 2004 Hemenway & Solnick, 1993;Rajalin, 1994;Harré et al., 1996;Arnett et al., 1997;Cooper, 1997;Gabany et al., 1997;Retting, Ulmer, & Williams, 1999;Dahlen, Martin, Ragan, & Kuhlman, 2005;Harris & Houston, 2010;Richard et al, 2013;Richard et al, 2017;Situational Trip time, Mood, Inattention, Fatigue Hirsh, 1986;Arnett et al., 1997;Gabany et al., 1997;Shinar, 1998;McKenna & Horswill, 2006;Ekos Research Associates, 2007;Fuller et al., 2009;Harris & Houston, 2010;Peer, 2010;Shinar & Compton, 2004 ...

... Passive factors can be defined as drivers' inadvertent decisions caused by insensitivity and surrounding events, including driving inexperience, age, weather, road geometry and obstructed views. Deliberate factors are the deliberate decisions of a driver to be engaged in dangerous driving behaviour, which include an aggressive driving nature, peer pressure, and speeding to save time [11]- [13]. RLR associated with such deliberate factors is likely to result in frequent crashes with a higher level of injury severity outcomes at signalised intersections [14]. ...

... Prior research shows that younger drivers are more likely to speed (e.g. NHTSA, 2019; Stradling et al., 2008). Many young drivers believe that speeding is socially acceptable and that avoiding detection by law enforcement is a breeze (Hoekstra and Wegman, 2011). ...

... Ospina y cols. encontraron resultados similares y señalaron que la alta letalidad por accidentes de tránsito en zonas rurales puede deberse a una mayor velocidad de conducción en estas carreteras, al mal estado de las vías y al retraso en la asistencia médica (17,18). Hernández y cols. ...

... Driving behaviour, as a high social behaviour, is susceptible to situational factors such as time pressure. Previous studies found that time pressure may lead to higher speeds (Fuller et al., 2009), quicker acceleration and an increased likelihood of running yellow lights (Fitzpatrick, Samuel, & Knodler, 2017). Researchers are concerned with how to reduce these risky behaviours. ...