O E Lund's research while affiliated with State Hospital Feldkirch and other places

In historical and many scientific papers of the 20th century double formation of eyes has been described as cyclopia, which develops as a variably marked fusion of both eye anlagen into a single eye in median position. In contrast with mythology, no cases were viable, as cyclopia is always accompanied by other severe deformities, such as cerebral defects and proboscis. For the first time a double eye on one side - a unilateral diplophthalmia - in a viable child born in Austria is presented after a reviewal of fundamentals of general and experimental embryology, cyclopia and unilateral synophthalmia. Unlike cases of cyclopia with two fused eyes from two anlagen in one single orbit, we found a total of three eyes from two anlagen in two orbits; a normally developed eye in the right orbit and a double eye in the left with no proboscis. In addition porencephaly, a double canine tooth, and a lateral branchial cyst were also present on the left side. An examination of this unique case partially corroberated the findings of experimental embryology as to the normal formation of the lens and brought to light new findings concerning the formation of the vitreous body and the retina, because in the extra left eye a hyaloid artery did not develop. There was only one optic nerve with a normal optic disc as a guiding structure for this artery in the normal left eye.

Histological data indicate the importance of tumor vascularization as a determinant of the biological behavior and the response to radiotherapy in choroidal melanoma. Duplex ultrasound and color Doppler imaging, the combination of B-mode ultrasound and pulse-waved Doppler analysis, were used to measure quantitatively neovascular blood flow in 31 patients with choroidal melanoma. Follow-up studies (20 patients) were performed to investigate the change of tumor blood flow in choroidal melanomas after radiotherapy. Blood flow was detected in 30 out of 31 melanomas (size 3.1-17.8 mm) within the tumor and at the tumor base with a mean peak systolic frequency of 1.0 kHz (range 0.3-2.7 kHz), a mean end diastolic frequency of 0.3 kHz (range 0.1-1.0 kHz), and a mean frequency of 0.7 kHz (range 0.2-1.3 kHz). Two and six months after 106Ru/106Rh beta-ray application, 19 patients showed a significant decrease in peak systolic frequency. This occurred with and in advance of the decrease in the tumor size. In one patient, a rising maximum systolic frequency after radiotherapy marked a recurrent tumor growth. Results indicate that the quantitative measurement of tumor blood flow by duplex ultrasound and color Doppler imaging may be a new diagnostic modality for monitoring the effectiveness of radiotherapy in choroidal melanoma.

In historical and many scientific papers of the 20th century double formation of eyes has been described as cyclopia, which develops as a variably marked fusion of both eye anlagen into a single eye in median position. In contrast with mythology, no cases were viable, as cyclopia is always accompanied by other severe deformities, such as cerebral defects and proboscis. For the first time a double eye on one side - a unilateral diplophthalmia - in a viable child born in Austria is presented after a reviewal of fundamentals of general and experimental embryology, cyclopia and unilateral synophthalmia. Unlike cases of cyclopia with two fused eyes from two anlagen in one single orbit, we found a total of three eyes from two anlagen in two orbits; a normally developed eye in the right orbit and a double eye in the left with no proboscis. In addition porencephaly, a double canine tooth, and a lateral branchial cyst were also present on the left side. An examination of this unique case partially corroberated the findings of experimental embryology as to the normal formation of the lens and brought to light new findings concerning the formation of the vitreous body and the retina, because in the 'extra' left eye a hyaloid artery did not develop. There was only one optic nerve with a normal optic disc as a guiding structure for this artery in the 'normal' left eye.

In a child born of a full-term pregnancy, unilateral diplophthalmos without proboscis was observed along with other craniocervical abnormalities (ipsilateral temporoparietal porencephaly, supernumerary teeth, and cervical cyst). A globe almost normal in shape and size was observed within the left orbit. The upper quadrant of this globe was attached to a smaller, pear-shaped, supernumerary eye containing a small lens, normal vitreous humor, ciliary body structures, avascular retina, choroid, and a rudimentary optic disk. When a two-peaked and enlarging intraocular mass was observed clinically, the eye was enucleated because of suspected neoplasm. The enlarging prominence had been caused by the growing second globe. Our findings indicated that a single primary optic vesicle was formed (globe I with an optic fasciculus), and some unknown damage was caused when this single primary optic vesicle induced the lens formation by contacting the ectoderm. Although the conception and early embryonal life of this child had taken place during a period of increased radiation exposure caused by the explosion of the nuclear plant at Chernobyl, U.S.S.R., in the spring of 1986, it seemed unlikely that the abnormality could have been caused by radioactive fallout in the mountains of Austria.