Mladenka Vukmirovic's research while affiliated with University of Economics and Humanities, Bielsko-Biała and other places

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Publications (6)


Implementing Message Exchange between Airlines' GDSs and Travel Systems with Ontologically Demarcated Data
  • Conference Paper
  • Full-text available

July 2007

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176 Reads

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2 Citations

Mladenka Vukmirovic

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Maciej Gawinecki

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Pawel Kobzdej

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[...]

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The development of airlines' global distribution systems is in an interesting stage of evolution. Currently airline industry is defining new protocols that are to profit from utilization of the state-of-the-art technology such as agent systems. In the meantime we are developing an agent-based Travel Support System (TSS), with a goal of providing passengers with more personalized information in regard to the desired journey. Obviously, the TSS, to realize its goals must be able to communicate with various (airline) global distribution systems (GDS)s. In this paper we are presenting our initial attempt of utilizing new trends emerging in the airline industry while developing a communication channel between the TSS and GDSs.

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Fig. 1. Use case diagram
Fig. 2. Shop Agent statechart diagram 1. If the Seller informs about a winner of price negotiations the Shop Agent waits for the corresponding Buyer Agent to confirm that it plans to actually buy the ticket. Here, we have to stress, that in our general e-commerce model it is natural that multiple Buyer Agents visit multiple e-stores [8]. Specifically, separate Buyer visits each e-shop that offers a given product (in our case a ticket satisfying needed itinerary). The end of price negotiation means that the Buyer should consult with the Client Agent. Therefore, the SA does not know if the auction winner will actually attempt at making a purchase. 2. If the Buyer Agent confirms it wants to buy ticket, the Shop Agent creates a Reservation Agent (RA), which communicates with the GDS to make a reservation. There are then the following possibilities:
Fig. 3. FlightOffer Agent statechart diagram
Fig. 4. FlightOffer Agent's "Checking availability" substate statechart diagram
Fig. 5. FlightOffer Agent's "Price retrieval" substate statechart diagram
Developing a Model Agent-based Airline Ticket Auctioning System

July 2007

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254 Reads

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5 Citations

Large body of recent work has been devoted to multi-agent systems utilized in e-commerce scenarios. In particular, autonomous software agents participating in auctions have attracted a lot of attention. Interestingly, most of these studies involve purely virtual scenarios. In an initial attempt to fill this gap we discuss a model agent-based e-commerce system modified to serve as an airline ticket auctioning system. Here, the implications of forcing agents to obey actual rules that govern ticket sales are discussed and illustrated by UML-formalized depictions of agents, their relations and functionalities.


Designing New Ways for Selling Airline Tickets.

March 2007

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4,896 Reads

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6 Citations

Large body of recent work has been devoted to multi-agent systems utilized in e-commerce; in particular, autonomous software agents participating in auctions. In this context we modify a model agent-based e-commerce system so that it can serve as an airline ticket auctioning system. Such a system can be then combined with a Travel Support System that utilizes ontologically demarcated travel-content. To achieve this goal, air travel data has to be demarcated utilizing an air travel ontology that has to support existing domain-specific real-world standards. One of such standards that steadily gains popularity in the air travel industry (and other travel areas) is the Open Travel Alliance (OTA) messaging system that defines, among others, the way that entities should communicate about air travel related issues. The aim of this paper is to outline our efforts leading toward creating an agent-based system for selling airline tickets that utilizes an air-travel ontology that matches the OTA messaging specification as well as satisfies procedures described in IATA manuals.


Table 2. 
Figure 5. All discount code classes with the distinguished common discount codes.  
Ontological reusability in state-of-the-art semantic languages

January 2006

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165 Reads

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7 Citations

Evolving reusable domain ontologies and information described using these ontologies are the key aspects of the Semantic Web. In this paper, we use an example of ontology merging to discuss ontology reusability in the context of existing semantic languages and software tools for ontology management.


Figure 1. Airline ticket auctioning system-Use Case diagram.
Utilizing ontologies in an agent-based airline ticket auctioning system

January 2006

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2,998 Reads

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13 Citations

Internal data representation is one of interesting issues in designing an agent based airline ticket auctioning system. Obviously, such system could utilize directly the airline mandated data format. However, if purchasing airline tickets is a part of a travel support system that utilizes ontologically demarcated content, then also air travel data should be represented in that way. We outline our attempt at building a semantic bridge between actual airline data and ontology-based travel support system


Designing ontology for the open travel alliance airline messaging specification

January 2006

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481 Reads

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6 Citations

Advancement of usage of ontologies requires not only creation of new ontologies (e.g. in a top-down manner), but also ontological support for existing domain-specific real-world standards. One of such standards that gains popularity is the Open Travel Alliance (OTA) messaging system that defines, among others, the way that entities should communicate about air travel related issues. The aim of this note is to outline our efforts leading toward creating an air-travel ontology that would match the OTA messaging specification as well as satisfy procedures described in IATA manuals.

Citations (6)


... Obviously, similar calculations can be performed not only for conferences and/or institutions, but also for all other geo-objects (e.g. restaurants and hotels) as their coordinates are described in the same way as cities (hotel, restaurant and city are subclasses of the Spatial Thing class in our travel ontology; see [7,22]). Therefore, the DTS system will be able to provide at least the following geo-info-based advice: 1. Location notes and tips (textual information about a location which was added to Duty Trip Reports -class in the ontology: Location Specific Notes), 2. Organizations and people that can be visited (objects of Organization Contact and Contact Person classes, these objects are created by the employees during the Duty Trip Report's creation), 3. Information about nearby conferences of possible interest (based on location of the trip and the conference as well as on the personal interest and conference topics), 4. Hotels and restaurants (based on the Hotel and Restaurant TSS ontology classes), 5. Car rental and golf courses (ontology extensions based on the OTA specifi- cation [15]). ...

Reference:

On Resource Profiling and Matching in an Agent-Based Virtual Organization
Ontological reusability in state-of-the-art semantic languages

... The open travel alliance (OTA) messaging system is among popular and widely used ontologies. In [9], the researchers aimed to use OTA messages and generate a new ontology for air travels as well. In [10], the researchers attempted to manage air traffic by information sharing, which was carried out by various ontologies. ...

Designing ontology for the open travel alliance airline messaging specification

... There we study utilization of agent-facilitated autonomous price negotiations in a general e-commerce scenario. This work was extended to facilitate possibility of airline ticket auctioning [25, 23, 24, 20, 26]. Second, we work on creation of an agent based Travel Support System (TSS ) [18, 7, 10]. ...

Developing a Model Agent-based Airline Ticket Auctioning System

... The domain of I4.0 or Factory 4.0 or Smart Manufacturing consists of concepts related, on the one hand, to business services (Wally et al., 2017), encompassing automatization of the project management (Martin-Montes et al., 2017), organizational management (Izhar and Apduhan, 2017), customer satisfaction management (Kim and Lee, 2013;Daly et al., 2015), risk management (Atkinson et al., 2006), and virtualization of operations (Jiang et al., Smirnov et al., 2004;2010), such as billing (Agrawal et al., 2008), ticketing (Vukmirovic et al., 2006), generation of recommendations (Lorenzi et al., 2011), and decision-making aids (Koetter et al., 2019). ...

Utilizing ontologies in an agent-based airline ticket auctioning system

... The interaction of electronic information between the various systems follows the OTA message structure and norms, which provides technical foundation for multimodal transport between railway and other means of transportation and E-commerce. [9] In addition to the functional specification related to business functions, OTA technical specification also defined non-functional technical specifications in the following technical requirements, including Session Management, Connection Management, Synchronous and Asynchronous Messaging, Payload Security, Transport Security, Information Integrity and Security, Authentication and Authorization, Security Strategy, Flow Control, etc. [10] Based on the practice of China's high-speed railway passenger dedicated ticketing system, one after another normative railway ticketing system information interface has been specified start from the OTA standard 2010B. The High Speed Railway Research Center of Tsinghua University joins and dominates some of the designs. ...

Designing New Ways for Selling Airline Tickets.

... Dans [106], les auteurs étendent ces travaux par l'introduction d'un annuaire d'adaptateurs génériques. C'est un annuaire qui regroupe des services web qui orent les fonctions d'adaptation dénis sur des protocoles standards tels que RosettaNet [98], OTA [112], HL7 [112], etc. Lorsqu'une interface évolue, le concepteur sélectionne des adaptateurs dans l'annuaire puis il les compose selon la nouvelle description de l'interface du service. L'adaptateur composé est ensuite déployé. ...

Implementing Message Exchange between Airlines' GDSs and Travel Systems with Ontologically Demarcated Data