Mauricio R. Delgado's research while affiliated with Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and other places
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Publications (283)
Acute psychosocial stress affects learning, memory, and attention, but the evidence for the influence of stress on the neural processes supporting cognitive control remains mixed. We investigated how acute psychosocial stress influences performance and neural processing during the Go/NoGo task—an established cognitive control task. The experimental...
It is unknown if an online tool is wanted by therapists and parents of individuals with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) to support implementation of goal-directed home programs, and if wanted, the recommended features for the tool. The objective was to explore the experiences of therapists and parents who have implemented home programs, seek guidan...
Trust is a nebulous construct central to successful cooperative exchanges and interpersonal relationships. In this study, we introduce a new approach to establishing construct validity of trust using “neurometrics”. We develop a whole-brain multivariate pattern capable of classifying whether new participants will trust a relationship partner in the...
Trust is a nebulous construct central to successful cooperative exchanges and interpersonal relationships. In this study, we introduce a new approach to establishing construct validity of trust using “neurometrics”. We develop a whole-brain multivariate pattern capable of classifying whether new participants will trust a relationship partner in the...
Although the use of nondrug rewards (e.g., money) to facilitate smoking cessation is widespread, recent research has found that such rewards may be least effective when people who smoke cigarettes are tempted to do so. Specifically, among people who smoke, the neural response to nondrug rewards appears blunted when access to cigarettes is anticipat...
Research Objectives
To assess the longitudinal attainment of patient-centered, function-related goal attainment scale (GAS) T-score after repeated abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) injections.
Design
Phase IV, prospective, observational study.
Setting
28 US-based centers.
Participants
Patients aged 2–17 years with PLLS.
Interventions
AboBoNT-A inj...
Positive social sharing is an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy that enhances positive affect and social belonging, particularly when met with positive social feedback. Despite the ubiquity of positive social sharing both in person and online, what drives this behavior is not well understood. We hypothesized that positive social feedback se...
Objective:
This exploratory analysis of a large, randomized, double-blind study (NCT02106351) describes the effect of treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA followed by a tailored home exercises therapy programme in enabling children with upper limb spasticity due to cerebral palsy to achieve their functional goals using goal attainment scaling (GAS)....
The opportunity to exert control in one’s environment is desirable, and individuals are willing to seek out control, even at a financial cost. Additionally, control-related activation of reward regions in the brain and the positive affect associated with the opportunity to exert control suggest that control is rewarding. The present study explores...
Using a neurometric approach, we identify and validate a neural signature of reward encoded in a distributed pattern of brain activity using data collected from 21 different studies (N = 2,691). Our model can discriminate between receiving rewards from punishments in completely independent data with 99% accuracy and includes weights located in regi...
Although the use of nondrug rewards (e.g., money) to facilitate smoking cessation is widespread, recent research has found that such rewards may be least effective when people who smoke cigarettes are tempted to do so. Specifically, among people who smoke, the neural response to nondrug rewards appears blunted when access to cigarettes is anticipat...
The study’s aim is to analyze the improved hand function and bimanual performance with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) from repeat doses of an augmented, group-based pediatric constraint-induced movement therapy (pCIMT) camp. Fifteen children with unilateral CP (ages 5–15 years, 9 male, 6 female, Manual Abilities Classification System (MACS) I = 3,...
The neural basis of motivation is supported by brain systems that are integral in behaviors that maximize positively valued stimuli and minimize aversive stimuli. This article focuses on brain systems involved in minimization of aversive stimuli, which are extensively described by a substantial history of research on behaviors in nonhuman animals t...
PAX5 is a transcription factor associated with abnormal posterior midbrain and cerebellum development in mice. PAX5 is highly loss-of-function intolerant and missense constrained, and has been identified as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We describe 16 individuals from 12 families who carry deletions involving PAX5 and surroun...
Purpose:
To evaluate the association between the Observational Gait Scale (OGS) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in walking children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods:
The charts of 512 children with CP GMFCS levels I to IV were reviewed for the OGS score and GMFCS level at their initial visit.
Results:
The OGS score...
Trust is essential for establishing and maintaining cooperative behaviors between individuals and institutions in a wide variety of social, economic, and political contexts. This book explores trust through the lens of neurobiology, focusing on empirical, methodological, and theoretical aspects. Written by a distinguished group of researchers from...
Finding positive meaning in past negative memories is associated with enhanced mental health. Yet it remains unclear whether it leads to updates in the memory representation itself. Since memory can be labile after retrieval, this leaves the potential for modification whenever its reactivated. Across four experiments, we show that positively reinte...
To pilot Therapy Together, an 8-week parent-led pediatric constraint induced movementtherapy (P-CIMT) program for preschool aged children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Five children with UCP and their caregivers participated in eight, 1 hour group sessions structured by the TEAM approach (topic, encourage, activity, and motivate). Three of...
Purpose
BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complex is a chromatin remodeling complex that plays a critical role in gene regulation. Defects in the genes encoding BAF subunits lead to BAFopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with extensive locus and phenotypic heterogeneity.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 16,243 patients re...
Background: Guidelines recommend botulinum toxin-A in pediatric upper limb spasticity as part of routine practice. Appropriate dosing is a prerequisite for treatment success and it is important that injectors have an understanding on how to tailor dosing within a safe and effective range. We report upper limb dosing data from a phase 3 study of abo...
Perceived control—the belief in our ability to successfully influence the environment—significantly shapes how we make decisions and interact with our environment. Because of its intrinsically rewarding nature, the opportunity to exert control tends to bias individuals towards behaviors that endow an enhanced perception of control. Here, we leverag...
Etiological models highlight reduced punishment sensitivity as a core risk factor for disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The current study examined neural sensitivity to the anticipation and receipt of loss, one key aspect of punishment sensitivity, among youth with DBD, comparing those with and without CU trai...
Date Presented 04/13/21
Children with unilateral cerebral palsy participating in repeat doses of pediatric constraint-induced movement therapy camp augmented with the Hocoma Armeo®Spring demonstrated significant improvements in hand function and bimanual performance for both doses and showed a generalized upward trend in hand function over time.
Pr...
Trust is a nebulous construct central to successful cooperative exchanges and interpersonal relationships. In this study, we introduce a new approach to establishing construct validity of trust using neurometrics. We develop a whole-brain multivariate pattern capable of classifying whether new participants will trust a relationship partner in the c...
Background: Negative emotion is associated with substance craving and use in individuals recovering from substance use disorders, including prescription opioid use disorder (POUD). Decisions to abandon or persist towards a goal after negative emotion-eliciting events, and neural responses that shape such decisions, may be important in maintaining r...
The ability to perceive and exercise control is a major contributor to our mental and physical wellbeing. When faced with uncontrollable aversive stimuli, organisms develop heightened anxiety and become unwilling to exert effort to avoid the stimuli. In contrast, when faced with controllable aversive stimuli, organisms demonstrate behavioral vigor...
Aim
To assess the efficacy and safety of repeat abobotulinumtoxinA injections in reducing upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Method
This was a double‐blind, repeat‐cycle study (NCT02106351) in children with CP (2–17y). Children were randomized to receive 2U/kg (control), 8U/kg, or 16U/kg abobotulinumtoxinA injections into...
Disclosures MRD, AT, JC, ND, MB, RA, IWT, JO, ED were investigators in Ipsen-sponsored clinical trials and they or their institutions have received payment for participation. In addition, MD reports personal fees from Ipsen, Allergan and Kashiv Pharma for consultancy. AT reports research support and educational grants from Ipsen and personal fees f...
Purpose
De novo germline variation in POLR2A was recently reported to associate with a neurodevelopmental disorder. We report twelve individuals harboring putatively pathogenic de novo or inherited variants in POLR2A, detail their phenotypes, and map all known variants to the domain structure of POLR2A and crystal structure of RNA Polymerase II.
M...
Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in genes that encode subunits of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) lead to prototypical yet poorly understood forms of childhood-onset and complex hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG47 (AP4B1), SPG50 (AP4M1), SPG51 (AP4E1) and SPG52 (AP4S1). Here, we report a detailed cross-sectional analysis of clinical, imag...
Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in genes that encode subunits of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) lead to prototypical yet poorly understood forms of childhood-onset and complex hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG47 (AP4B1), SPG50 (AP4M1), SPG51 (AP4E1) and SPG52 (AP4S1). Here, we report a detailed cross-sectional analysis of clinical, imag...
Background: Botulinum toxin-A is a well-established treatment for adult and pediatric spastic paresis and cervical dystonia. While guidelines and approved labels indicate that treatment should not occur more frequently than every 12 weeks, studies and real-world evidence show that the timing of symptom recurrence between treatments may vary.
Method...
Aim:
To determine the acceptability and effects of a pediatric constraint induced movement therapy (P-CIMT) camp for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (hCP) augmented by use of an exoskeleton to play games in virtual reality (VR).
Method:
31 children with hCP attended a P-CIMT camp 6 hours per day for 10 days over 2 successive weeks (60 ho...
Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses1. The flexibility of analytical approaches is exempl...
How do people update their impressions of close others? Although people may be motivated to maintain their positive impressions, they may also update their impressions, when their expectations are violated (i.e., prediction error). Combining neuroimaging and computational modeling, we test the hypothesis that brain regions associated with theory of...
The sixth edition of the foundational reference on cognitive neuroscience, with entirely new material that covers the latest research, experimental approaches, and measurement methodologies. Each edition of this classic reference has proved to be a benchmark in the developing field of cognitive neuroscience. The sixth edition of The Cognitive Neuro...
The propensity to perceive and exert control in our environment contributes to both our adaptive behavior and general well-being. Prior studies have shown that humans have an inherent behavioral bias toward control-conferring environments and that this bias translates into greater subjective affect and is protective of our well-being. As such, it i...
Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability and significant mortality, yet mechanistic understanding remains limited. Over the past decade evidence has accumulated from case-control studies that depressive illness is associated with blunted reward activation in the basal ganglia and other regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex....
Reciprocated trust plays a critical role in forming and maintaining relationships, and has consistently been shown to implicate neural circuits involved in reward-related processing and social cognition. Less is known about neural network connectivity during social interactions involving trust, however, particularly as a function of closeness betwe...
Aim
To assess the neural and non‐neural contributions to spasticity in the impaired ankle of children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Method
Instrumented tapping of the Achilles tendon was done isometrically to minimize non‐neural contributions and elicit neural contributions. Robot‐controlled ankle stretching was done at various velocities, including s...
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00394.].
Determination of genotypic/phenotypic features of GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND).
Fifty GAND subjects were evaluated to determine consistent genotypic/phenotypic features. Immunoprecipitation assays utilizing in vitro transcription–translation products were used to evaluate GATAD2B missense variants’ ability to interact with...
Front Cover: The cover image is based on the Research Article TBX6 missense variants expand the mutational spectrum in a non‐Mendelian inheritance disease by Weisheng Chen et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.23907.
Cover image © Nan Wu Images.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. To assess the impact of this flexibility on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results, the same dataset was independently analyzed by 70 teams, testing nine ex-ante hypotheses. The flexibility of analytic approaches is exemplified by the fac...
Purpose: This secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind study plus open-label extension (NCT01249417/NCT01251380) evaluated the efficacy of abobotulinumtoxinA versus placebo in improving gait pattern in children with dynamic equinus due to cerebral palsy (CP) as assessed by the observational gait scale (OGS).
Methods: Ambulatory children wit...
Reciprocated trust plays a critical role in forming and maintaining relationships, and has consistently been shown to implicate neural circuits involved in reward-related processing and social cognition. Less is known about neural network connectivity during social interactions involving trust, however, particularly as a function of closeness betwe...
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a birth defect with variable clinical and anatomical manifestations due to a spinal malformation. The genetic etiology underlying about 10% of CS cases in the Chinese population is compound inheritance by which the gene dosage is reduced below that of haploinsufficiency. In this genetic model, the trait manifests as a r...
Positive memory retrieval generates pleasant feelings that can counteract negative affective states and improve mood. However, not all positive memories are created equal. Our most treasured memories are likely experiences we shared with other people (e.g., birthday party) rather than something we did alone (e.g., receiving good grades). Here, we e...
When preparing for a challenging task, potential rewards can cause physiological arousal that may impair performance. In this case, it is important to control reward-driven arousal while preparing for task execution. We recently examined neural representations of physiological arousal and potential reward magnitude during preparation, and found tha...
Marked by incomplete division of the embryonic forebrain, holoprosencephaly is one of the most common human developmental disorders. Despite decades of phenotype-driven research, 80-90% of aneuploidy-negative holoprosencephaly individuals with a probable genetic aetiology do not have a genetic diagnosis. Here we report holoprosencephaly associated...
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a major focus of investigation in human neuroscience, particularly in studies of emotion, social cognition, and decision making. Although the term vmPFC is widely used, the zone is not precisely defined, and for varied reasons has proven a complicated region to study. A difficulty identifying precise bo...
Our behavior is inextricably linked to rewards in our environment. This observation has sparked considerable interest in understanding the neural mechanisms that support reward processing in humans. Early neuroimaging studies implicated regions such as the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) in reward processing, particularly how ac...
Purpose:
Haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A causes a recognizable clinical syndrome. The goal of this paper is to investigate congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and genital defects (GD) in patients with DYRK1A variants.
Methods:
A large database of clinical exome sequencing (ES) was queried for de novo DYRK1A variants and CAK...
Data for Figure 4 are provided.
Broad-scale untargeted biochemical phenotyping is a technology that supplements widely accepted assays, such as organic acid, amino acid, and acylcarnitine analyses typically utilized for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. In this study, we investigate the analyte changes associated with 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT, GABA trans...
Plasma metabolomic data are provided for all plasma samples obtained and analyzed for this study. Z-scores are shown.
The ability to perceive and exercise control over an outcome is both desirable and beneficial to our well-being. It has been shown that animals and humans alike exhibit behavioral bias towards seeking control and that such bias recruits the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and striatum. Yet, this bias remains to be quantitatively captured and...
Perceived control can be broadly defined as the belief in one’s ability to exert control over situations or events. It has long been known that perceived control is a major contributor toward mental and physical health as well as a strong predictor of achievements in life. However, one issue that limits a mechanistic understanding of perceived cont...
Purpose: Haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A causes a recognizable clinical syndrome. The goal of this paper is to investigate congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and genital defects (GD) in patients with DYRK1A mutations.
Methods: A large database of clinical exome sequencing (ES) was queried for de novo DYRK1A mutations and CAKU...
To report the effects of single and repeat aboBoNT-A dosing on active
function in adults with upper or lower limb spastic paresis and children withdynamic equinus foot deformity.
Background
The majority of reward learning neuroimaging studies have not focused on the motivational aspects of behavior, such as the inherent value placed on choice itself. The experience and affective value of personal control may have particular relevance for psychiatric disorders, including depression.
Methods
We adapted a functional magnetic...
Aims:
To create a standardized home exercise therapy program that could be implemented by international sites to provide a consistent level of therapeutic intervention for pediatric patients participating in an ongoing Phase-III, randomized, controlled trial of repeat abobotulinumtoxinA injections for pediatric upper limb spasticity (NCT02106351)....
Preparing for a challenging task can increase physiological arousal, in particular when potential incentives are large (e.g., a solo musical performance in front of an audience). Here, we examine how potential reward and its influence on arousal, measured by pupil dynamics, are represented in the brain while preparing for a challenging task. We fur...
In this chapter, we describe the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying emotion–cognition interactions. In particular, we focus on the influence of emotion on memory processes and aspects of decision making, such as risk‐taking behavior. We then discuss how cognition can impact emotion in specific contexts, such as cognitive regulation of e...
Background
The effects of botulinum toxin are transient, and repeat injections are required in children with lower-limb spasticity. However, the efficacy of botulinum toxin in patients who have received previous injections has remained largely unexplored.
Methods
We present subgroup analyses of a Phase III study conducted in ambulatory children (a...
The author list in the published version of this article was incomplete. Ariel F. Martinez, PhD, should have been listed as the ninth author. Dr Martinez's affiliation is Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Background:
Toe walking (TW) in children is often idiopathic in origin. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of a neurological etiology for TW in patients seen in the neurology clinic after referral from pediatric orthopaedic surgeons.
Methods:
We performed an Institutional Review Board approved retrospective review of 174 patients referre...
A new study shows that brain responses to unfairness during economic decision-making can predict current and future depression indices. Neural response patterns in the amygdala related to inequity tracked indices of depression, particularly for prosocial individuals who tend to be most self-sacrificing.
This was a prospective, repeat-treatment, open-label study (NCT01251380) of abobotulinumtoxinA for the management of lower limb spasticity in children who had completed a double-blind study. Children (2-17 years) received injections into the gastrocnemius-soleus complex, and other distal and proximal muscles as required (maximum total dose per inje...
The neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the resistance of drug cue associations to extinction in addiction remain unknown. Fear extinction critically depends on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Here, we tested if this same region plays a role in extinction of non-fear, drug and pleasant cue associations. Eighteen chronic cocaine use...
Members of the Undiagnosed Diseases Network.
The members of the UDN listed.
(XLSX)
Dominant mutations in CACNA1A, encoding the α-1A subunit of the neuronal P/Q type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, can cause diverse neurological phenotypes. Rare cases of markedly severe early onset developmental delay and congenital ataxia can be due to de novo CACNA1A missense alleles, with variants affecting the S4 transmembrane segments of the...
TEM of cacJ photoreceptor cartridge.
A. Transmission electron microscopy showing the ultrastructure of cacJ mutant photoreceptor at the level of the lamina where the photoreceptor neurons synapse onto the laminar neurons. Clones carrying a wild type 80 kb P[acman] genomic rescue transgene (GR-WT) have a normal pattern of six Drosophila photorecepto...
Imaging and molecular characteristics of the patients with CACNA1A de novo variants.
A) Patient 4 brain MRI at 8 years showing a mild atrophy of the cerebellar vermis. B) Patient 4 brain MRI axial image showing normal cerebellar hemispheres. C) All five subjects had de novo missense variants in CACNA1A. Sanger traces for each father, mother and pro...
Clinical summaries for patients 1–5.
(DOCX)
TEM of cacJ photoreceptors in retinae shows no severe neurodegeneration in CACNA1A R1673P.
A. Transmission electron microscopy showing the ultrastructure of cacJ mutant photoreceptor clones carrying a wild type 80 kb P[acman] genomic rescue transgene (GR-WT) with a normal pattern of 7 Drosophila photoreceptors per ommatidium. B.
cacJ mutant photore...
Electroretinogram recordings from the cacJ alleles rescued by the P[acman] constructs.
A) ERGs of 3-day-old cacJ mutant clones in photoreceptors and cacJ mutants carrying a wild type 80 kb P[acman] genomic rescue transgene (GR-WT) or mutant transgenes (GR-R1673P, GR-R1664Q). Similar results to those were seen in the cacF background in Fig 2E. B) ER...
People generally prefer rewards sooner rather than later. This phenomenon, temporal discounting, underlies many societal problems, including addiction and obesity. One way to reduce temporal discounting is to imagine positive future experiences. Since there is overlap in the neural circuitry associated with imagining future experiences and remember...
PurposeWith improved medical care, some individuals with holoprosencephaly (HPE) are surviving into adulthood. We investigated the clinical manifestations of adolescents and adults with HPE and explored the underlying molecular causes.Methods
Participants included 20 subjects 15 years of age and older. Clinical assessments included dysmorphology ex...
Citations
... Many individuals describe that the closeness and safety of the group are more important than the content of the meetings. 88 Additional literature demonstrates how sharing an experience can create bonds and subsequently release oxytocin from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and modulate dopamine activity at the VTA, 89 which may contribute to improved outcomes in those with a SUD when social connections are sustained. ...
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... Attaining these positive outcomes could promote frequent capitalization attempts to experience the benefits. As initial evidence of the association between positive capitalization feedback and future capitalization attempts, people share a greater number of their social media photos when receiving a higher rate of positive feedback in the form of a "like" (Brudner et al., 2023). From the enjoyable experience of reliving the positive event, receiving social support, and reaping capitalization's benefits, trait active-constructive PRCA from in-person interactions could subsequently encourage future capitalization attempts in daily life. ...
... In recent years, machine learning has been increasingly used to help us infer mental states and processes from neuroimaging measurements 39 . These methods have demonstrated promising utility in identifying brain signatures of mental processes such as negative affect 40 , fear 41 , reward 42 and social perception [43][44][45] . Extending this approach to social support can help us develop an indicator of how and how well people cope with negative experiences using social resources when they naturally process real-life stressors, which brings both practical and theoretical implications. ...
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... Genome sequencing was performed for 47 families (27 singletons, 19 trios, and 1 duo) through Illumina HiSeq X Ten v2 PCR-free short-read (150 nt) genome sequencing (from 2016) to a mean target coverage of >30x through the Broad Institute, USA. 27 A small subset of patients underwent external clinical screening for repeat expansions in DMPK/CNBP and/or microarray in parallel with our sequencing studies. ...
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... Feedback also plays an integral role in strengthening social bonds. When determining whether a social partner is trustworthy-that is, whether someone is likely to reciprocate positively in a social exchange-people generally draw on feedback from that partner to guide trust decisions (Brudner, Karousatos, et al., 2021;Fareri, 2019). Positive feedback perpetuates trust through classic RL mechanisms. ...
... Introduction ARID1B is one of the top mutated genes in heterogeneous intellectual disability, developmental delay, and autism cohorts [1][2][3] . Most patients with Co n-Siris syndrome (CSS, OMIM 13500) [4][5][6][7] have pathogenic variants in ARID1B. With the increasing availability and use of genome-wide diagnostics, the number of identi ed patients has increased. ...
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... One study, for instance, found differences in the perceived valence and detail of participants' own autobiographical memories before and after upward or downward eCFT 7 . Others have observed that engaging in downward eCFT reduces the regret and arousal associated with negative autobiographical memories 8 ; relatedly, using positive reinterpretation of negative memories is found to enhance positive emotions and positive content in subsequent recollections 9 . Moreover, accumulating evidence that eCFT significantly shapes our recollection www.nature.com/scientificreports/ of autobiographical experiences has garnered interest in understanding the role that aberrant eCFT patterns may play in maintaining psychological disorders, as well as the utility of eCFT-based therapeutic interventions 1 . ...
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... We have previously reported the primary efficacy analyses from this large, international phase III study, which showed that treatment with aboBoNT-A at doses of 8 U/kg or 16 U/kg in the affected upper limb significantly reduces spasticity in children with CP compared with the 2 U/kg low-dose control, and was generally well tolerated (11,12). A key feature of the study design was the inclusion of a tailored home exercise therapy programme (HETP) that was specifically developed for the study to maximize the benefits of goal-directed treatment with aboBoNT-A, and which all children followed (13). ...
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... Second, we removed participants with no endorsement (i.e., a score of 0) on any CBCL subscale to attain a sample with full subscale symptom endorsement to eliminate the zero inflation of the CBCL matrix (Byrd et al., 2021;N = 5,196; see supplementary section 4). We performed the CCA and PLS analysis, permutation test, and split-half resampling analysis in both these subsets. ...
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... Since multiple psychological processes might be simultaneously involved during dyadic interactions, brain signatures established via computational methods are particularly useful to decode what psychological processes might occur during parent-child interaction (Woo et al., 2017;Kragel et al., 2018). In general, the first step in developing a brain signature is to use machine-learning algorithms to establish brain patterns to accurately predict outcomes (e.g., making a trust or distrust decision) in a training dataset (Chen et al., 2021). Unlike the conventional inferential statistical method using all data points to make inference, the first step of developing a brain signature usually involves a cross-validation procedure within the training dataset. ...
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