Mary A Schuler's research while affiliated with University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign and other places
What is this page?
This page lists the scientific contributions of an author, who either does not have a ResearchGate profile, or has not yet added these contributions to their profile.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
Publications (206)
Terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) are plant-derived natural products synthesized in low levels in medicinal plants such as Catharanthus roseus and Camptotheca acuminata. TIA pathways species utilize several CYP72A subfamily members to form loganic acid from 7-deoxyloganic acid (a simple hydroxylation) as well as secologanin and secologanic acid from...
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily of heme monooxygenases has demonstrated ability to facilitate hydroxylation, desaturation, sulfoxidation, epoxidation, heteroatom dealkylation, and carbon-carbon bond formation and cleavage (lyase) reactions. Seeking to study the carbon-carbon cleavage reaction of α-hydroxy ketones in mechanistic detail using a...
Terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) are plant-derived specialized metabolites with widespread use in medicine. Species-specific pathways derive various TIAs from common intermediates, strictosidine or strictosidinic acid, produced by coupling tryptamine with secologanin or secologanic acid. The penultimate reaction in this pathway is catalyzed by eithe...
Divergent terpene indole alkaloid (TIA) pathways in Catharanthus roseus and Camptotheca acuminata generate vinblastine and vincristine, and camptothecin, respectively. In contrast to Catharanthus which feeds secologanin (from methylated loganin) into its species-specific late pathway, Camptotheca feeds secologanic acid (from unmethylated loganic ac...
Modern sugarcanes are polyploid interspecific hybrids, combining high sugar content from Saccharum officinarum with hardi-ness, disease resistance and ratooning of Saccharum spontaneum. Sequencing of a haploid S. spontaneum, AP85-441, facilitated the assembly of 32 pseudo-chromosomes comprising 8 homologous groups of 4 members each, bearing 35,525...
The parsnip webworm Depressaria pastinacella is restricted to two hostplant genera containing six structurally diverse furanocoumarins. Of these, imperatorin is detoxified by a specialized cytochrome P450, CYP6AB3. A previous whole‐larva transcriptome analysis confirmed the presence of nine transcripts that belong to the CYP6AE subfamily. Here, by...
The interactions between lipids and proteins are one of the most fundamental processes in living organisms, responsible for critical cellular events ranging from replication, cell division, signaling, and movement. Enabling the central coupling responsible for maintaining the functionality of the breadth of proteins, receptors, and enzymes that fin...
In the version of this article originally published, the accession codes listed in the data availability section were incorrect and the section was incomplete. The text for this section should have read “The genome assembly and gene annotation have been deposited in the NCBI database under accession number QVOL00000000, BioProject number PRJNA48388...
Modern sugarcanes are polyploid interspecific hybrids, combining high sugar content from Saccharum officinarum with hardiness, disease resistance and ratooning of Saccharum spontaneum. Sequencing of a haploid S. spontaneum, AP85-441, facilitated the assembly of 32 pseudo-chromosomes comprising 8 homologous groups of 4 members each, bearing 35,525 g...
: Loganin is an iridoid glycoside of interest as both an intermediate in the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids in plants and as a bioactive compound itself. The loganic acid methyltransferase catalyzes the methylation of a monoterpenoid glycoside precursor to produce loganin, and demonstrates stereospecificity for the (6S,7R) substrate. Here, we bio...
Across insect genomes, the size of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) gene superfamily varies widely. CYPome size variation has been attributed to reciprocal adaptive radiations in insect detoxification genes in response to plant biosynthetic gene radiations driven by coevolution between herbivores and their chemically defended hostplants. Alt...
Significance
The western honey bee, Apis mellifera , provides essential crop pollination services, but for 10 years, US beekeepers have experienced substantial colony losses. Although insecticides have been implicated in these losses, triazole fungicides affect bees by inhibiting cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that detoxify insecticides. These enzy...
In the eusocial honey bee Apis mellifera, with reproductive queens and sterile workers, a female larva's developmental fate depends on its diet; nurse bees feed queen-destined larvae exclusively royal jelly, a glandular secretion, but worker-destined larvae receive royal jelly for 3 days and subsequently jelly to which honey and beebread are added....
In insects, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) contribute to phytochemical and pheromone clearance in chemoreception and xenobiotic detoxification in food processing. In eusocial species, P450 expression varies with anatomy and age-related behaviour. Adult honeybees (Apis mellifera) possess appendages differentially equipped for chemoreception;...
Plants, insects, and fungal pathogens utilize numerous P450s in their biosynthetic and detoxicative pathways that provide the basis for their growth, development, and defense mechanisms. With many of their genes and enzymatic functions remaining to be characterized, this chapter details both those identified with functions in basic metabolic proces...
In Candida albicans, the ERG11 gene encodes lanosterol demethylase, the target of the azole antifungals. Mutations in ERG11 that result in an amino acid substitution alter the abilities of the azoles to bind to and inhibit Erg11, resulting in resistance.
Although ERG11 mutations have been observed in clinical isolates, the specific contributions of...
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Method :: DNASTAR Lasergene v. V 7.1 Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Assembly Name :: ERG11 Coverage :: Complete Sequencing Technology :: ABI Model 3130XL ##Assembly-Data-END##
Over evolutionary time, insect herbivores have adapted to the presence of natural toxins and more recently to synthetic insecticides in or on the plants they consume. Biochemical analyses and molecular modeling of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) that metabolize these compounds have provided insight into the many variations affecting thei...
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) in the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) genome have been identified and named according to systematic P450 nomenclatures. Comparisons of these sequences with those in the papaya and grape CYPomes have indicated that gene blooms exist in the CYP89, CYP94, CYP96 and CYP714 families and that less dramatic expansio...
Background:
Sacred lotus is a basal eudicot with agricultural, medicinal, cultural and religious importance. It was domesticated in Asia about 7,000 years ago, and cultivated for its rhizomes and seeds as a food crop. It is particularly noted for its 1,300-year seed longevity and exceptional water repellency, known as the lotus effect. The latter...
As a managed pollinator, the honey bee Apis mellifera is critical to the American agricultural enterprise. Recent colony losses have thus raised concerns; possible explanations for bee decline include nutritional deficiencies and exposures to pesticides and pathogens. We determined that constituents found in honey, including p-coumaric acid, pinoce...
Nanodiscs are self-assembled discoidal fragments of lipid bilayers 8-16 nm in diameter, stabilized in solution by two amphipathic helical scaffold proteins. As stable and highly soluble membrane mimetics with controlled lipid composition and ability to add affinity tags to the scaffold protein, nanodiscs represent an attractive model system for sol...
Premise:
Gravity is an important environmental factor that affects growth and development of plants. In response to changes in gravity, directional growth occurs along the major axes and lateral branches of both shoots and roots. The gravity persistent signal (gps) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were previously identified as having an altered res...
We describe cloning and characterization of three rice (Oryza sativa) NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases (OsCPRs; E.C.1.6.2.4) that are potential donors to plant P450s, including tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H) in serotonin synthesis and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) in phenylpropanoid synthesis. All three OsCPR transcripts are induced to varying degr...
Transcriptome profiling methods are rapidly changing the ways in which insect responses to the environment can be assessed. One article featured in this issue of Molecular Ecology utilizes global expression analysis to extend previous studies examining the basis of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa species that are devastating crop pests worldw...
Identification of the causal genes that control complex trait variation remains challenging, limiting our appreciation of
the evolutionary processes that influence polymorphisms in nature. We cloned a quantitative trait locus that controls plant
defensive chemistry, damage by insect herbivores, survival, and reproduction in the natural environments...
Gene duplication and divergence are overwhelmingly considered to be the primary mechanisms by which cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) have radiated into a large and diverse gene superfamily. To address how environmental stress drives the fixation and diversification of gene duplications, we have analyzed Cyp12d1 and Cyp12d3, a pair of duplicat...
Papaya is a major fruit crop in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It has long been recognized as a nutritious and healthy fruit rich in vitamins A and C. Its small genome, unique aspects of nascent sex chromosomes, and agricultural importance are justifications for sequencing the genome. A female plant of the transgenic variety SunUp was...
Background:
Honey bees are exposed to phytochemicals through the nectar, pollen and propolis consumed to sustain the colony. They may also encounter mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi infesting pollen in beebread. Moreover, bees are exposed to agricultural pesticides, particularly in-hive acaricides used against the parasite Varroa destructo...
From a biochemical perspective, the ability to incorporate oxygen at very specific points in a substrate's structure is essential to numerous synthetic and catabolic plant pathways that involve simple alkyl and aromatic hydroxylations or more complex epoxidations, aryl migrations, decarboxylations and carbon–carbon bond cleavages. Because of the re...
Homology modeling is a powerful tool for predicting protein structures, whose success depends on obtaining a reasonable alignment between a given structural template and the protein sequence being analyzed. In order to leverage greater predictive power for proteins with few structural templates, we have developed a method to rank homology models ba...
Although Apis mellifera, the western honey bee, has long encountered pesticides when foraging in agricultural fields, for two decades it has encountered pesticides in-hive in the form of acaricides to control Varroa destructor, a devastating parasitic mite. The pyrethroid tau-fluvalinate and the organophosphate coumaphos have been used for Varroa c...
The lipoglycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin has proven efficacy against gram-positive pathogens. Teicoplanin is distinguished from the vancomycin-type glycopeptide antibiotics, by the presence of an additional cross-link between the aromatic amino acids 1 and 3 that is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase Orf6* (CYP165D3). As a goal towar...
To evaluate how stress at the larval stage alters adult mosquito performance and susceptibility to viral infection.
We used a model system consisting of Sindbis virus (SINV) and the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Larvae were either reared under optimal conditions (control) or exposed to one of four types of stressors; suboptimal nutrients, st...
Pancreatic cancer studies have shown that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) leads to decreased cancer cell proliferation and survival by abrogating nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity. In this investigation, various citrus compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and limonoids, were individually investigated for their inhibit...
Background / Purpose:
PRP18 is a second step splicing factor which is considered non-essential in yeast and in other higher eukaryotes. If that’s the case in plants too, then why do plants need a subfamily of such factors? Wouldn’t it be waste of space and energy in plants? To address these questions we have been carrying out our studies in a mod...
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are a diverse family of proteins that have specialized roles in secondary metabolism and in normal cell development. Two P450s in particular, CYP734A1 and CYP72C1, have been identified as brassinosteroid-inactivating enzymes important for steroid-mediated signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic an...
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are integral in defining the relationships between plants and insects. Secondary metabolites produced in plants for protection against insects and other organisms are synthesized via pathways that include P450s in many different families and subfamilies. Survival of insects in the presence of toxic secondary m...
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is uniquely expressed at high levels in cancer cells and adipose tissue. The objectives of this study were to identify, purify and validate soy FAS inhibitory peptides and to predict their binding modes. Soy peptides were isolated from hydrolysates of purified β-conglycinin by co-immunoprecipitation and identified using LC...
Often, a single cytochrome P450 (P450) is implicated in the emergence of insecticide resistance in a population of insects and immediately labeled as a detoxification enzyme, without consideration for the multiple functions it may perform within the insect. In addition, little is known about the role of multiple P450s, concurrently expressed, that...
Although the honey bee (Apis mellifera) genome contains far fewer cytochrome P450 genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism than other insect genomes sequenced to date, the CYP6AS subfamily, apparently unique to hymenopterans, has undergone an expansion relative to the genome of the jewel wasp (Nasonia vitripennis). The relative dominance of this...
Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins and ochratoxins, are widely distributed in nature and are frequently problematic crop contaminants that cause millions of dollars of annual losses in the United States. Insect infestations of crop plants significantly exacerbate mycotoxin contamination. Damage to a variety of nut species by Amyelois transitella Walker...
The inducibility of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and other xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes is thought to reflect material and energy costs of biosynthesis. Efforts to detect such costs of detoxification enzyme induction, however, have had mixed success. Although they are rarely considered, ecological costs of induction may be a more signi...
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play important roles in the synthesis of diverse secondary compounds in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Comparison of four data sets analyzing seedlings harvested over a 2-d period of constant conditions after growth with varying photoperiods and thermocycles recorded a total of 98 P450 loci as circadian r...
The polyphagous corn earworm Helicoverpa zea relies on cytochrome P450 monooxygenases with broad substrate specificities to cope with the wide diversity of phytochemicals it encounters among its numerous host plants. These enzymes also contribute to the ability of this insect to tolerate toxins from sources other than its hosts, including microbial...
Plants depend on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes for nearly every aspect of their biology. In several sequenced angiosperms,
CYP genes constitute up to 1% of the protein coding genes. The angiosperm sequence diversity is encapsulated by 59 CYP families,
of which 52 families form a widely distributed core set. In the 20years since the first plant P450...
In insects, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) are often associated with resistance to insecticides, due to their ubiquitous role in the detoxification of xenobiotics in many organisms. Demonstrating the metabolism of an insecticide by individual P450s and the transcriptional regulation of those P450s is lacking in many cases. Although methopren...
The polyphagous corn earworm Helicoverpa zea frequently encounters aflatoxins, mycotoxins produced by the pathogens Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, which infect many of this herbivore's host plants. While aflatoxin B1 metabolism by midgut enzymes isolated from fifth instars feeding on control diets was not detected, this compound was metabol...
Topoisomerases are targets of several anticancer agents because their inhibition impedes the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation in carcinogenesis. With very limited information available on the inhibitory activities of peptides derived from dietary proteins, the objectives of this study were to employ co-immunoprecipitation to iden...
One of the challenges faced in malarial control is the acquisition of insecticide resistance that has developed in mosquitoes that are vectors for this disease. Anopheles gambiae, which has been the major mosquito vector of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in Africa, has over the years developed resistance to insecticides including dieldr...
Although methylenedioxyphenyl (MDP) compounds, such as myristicin, are useful in the management of insecticide-resistant insects, the molecular mechanisms for their action in mammals and insects have not been elucidated. In this study, GC-MS analyses of methanol extracts of foliage of wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) have identified myristicin as a...
The crystal structures of substrate-free and all-trans-retinoic acid-bound CYP120A1 from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were determined at 2.4 and 2.1 A resolution, respectively, representing the first structural characterization of a cyanobacterial P450. Features of CYP120A1 not observed in other P450 structures include an aromatic ladder flanking the...
Papaya, a fruit crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, is known for its nutritional benefits and medicinal applications. Here we report a 3x draft genome sequence of 'SunUp' papaya, the first commercial virus-resistant transgenic fruit tree to be sequenced. The papaya genome is three times the size of the Arabidopsis genome, but conta...
Although baculovirus vectors are powerful tools for the heterologous expression of proteins in insect cell cultures, some insect and plant microsomal P450 proteins are not effectively expressed in this system. Hypothesizing that their expression failures might result from collisions between their N-terminal sequences and adjacent cytosolic sequence...
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), which represent the major group of drug metabolizing enzymes in humans, also catalyze important synthetic and detoxicative reactions in insects, plants and many microbes. Flexibilities in their catalytic sites and membrane associations are thought to play central roles in substrate binding and catalytic speci...
Intron sequences in nuclear pre-mRNAs are excised with either the major U2 snRNA-dependent spliceosomal pathway or the minor U12 snRNA-dependent spliceosomal pathway that exist in most eukaryotic organisms. While the predominant dinucleotides bordering each of these types of introns and the catalytic mechanism used in their excision are conserved i...
Under continual exposure to naturally occurring plant toxins and synthetic insecticides, insects have evolved cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) capable of metabolizing a wide range of structurally different compounds. Two such P450s, CYP6B8 and CYP321A1, expressed in Helicoverpa zea (a lepidopteran) in response to plant allelochemicals and pla...
Although substrate-specific CYP6B1 and CYP6B3 enzymes in Papilio polyxenes contribute to specialization on furanocoumarin-containing host plants, CYP6B4 and CYP6B17 enzymes in the polyphagous Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis have a broader range of substrates. Papilio multicaudatus, an oligophage with one furanocoumarin-containing host, is pu...
Towards defining the function of Arabidopsis thaliana fatty acid hydroxylases, five members of the CYP86A subfamily have been heterologously expressed in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells and tested for their ability to bind a range of fatty acids including unsubstituted (lauric acid (C12:0) and oleic acid (C18:1)) and oxygenated (9,10-epoxystearic ac...
Myrosinase (β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase, EC. 3.2.3.1), is the only known S-glucosidase in plants, catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucosinolates into compounds that have diverse biological activities. In the present study, a full-length cDNA encoding myrosinase (ArMY1) was cloned from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root. ArMY1 has an open readin...
Looking across the tree of life, it is amazing that one finds cytochrome P450s represented in all life forms. Interestingly, common to these various life forms is a bipartite functionality. One major function of these monooxygenases is in xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification. Here, one finds the use of these monooxygenases in reactions ranging...
CYP6AB3v1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in Depressaria pastinacella (parsnip webworm), is highly specialized for metabolizing imperatorin, a toxic furanocoumarin in the apiaceous host plants of this insect. Cloning and heterologous expression of CYP6AB3v2, an allelic variant identified in D. pastinacella, reveals that it metabolizes imperatorin...
Polyphagous herbivores encounter allelochemicals as complex mixtures in their host plants, and the toxicity of an individual compound may be influenced by the chemical matrix in which it is encountered. Certain plant constituents may reduce toxicity of cooccurring compounds by inducing detoxification systems, including cytochrome P450s, which can m...
Xenobiotic resistance in insects has evolved predominantly by increasing the metabolic capability of detoxificative systems and/or reducing xenobiotic target site sensitivity. In contrast to the limited range of nucleotide changes that lead to target site insensitivity, many molecular mechanisms lead to enhancements in xenobiotic metabolism. The ge...
Gene duplication provides essential material for functional divergence of proteins and hence allows organisms to adapt to changing environments. Following duplication events, redundant paralogs may undergo different evolutionary paths via processes known as nonfunctionalization, neofunctionalization, or subfunctionalization. Studies of adaptive evo...
In this work, we have spectroscopically characterised CYP157C1 from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) which has the motif E(297)QSLW(301) rather than the invariant EXXR motif in the P450 K-helix. Site-directed mutagenesis of native E(297)QSLW(301) in CYP157C1 to E(297)ESLR(301) or E(297)QSRW(301) both containing standard EXXR motifs produced cytochrome...
A drought screen is described that identifies accessions of Solanum tuberosum ssp.andigena that show varying degrees of physiological acclimation or adaptation to repeated drought stress. VTSA01 shows adaptation, recovering photosynthesis after a first cycle and maintaining this ability upon subsequent stress exposure. VTSA03 shows acclimation, rec...
Heterologous expression of plant P450 proteins is critical for functional definitions of their enzymatic activities as well as for producing natural products whose biosyntheses involve P450s. Over the past decade and a half, several expression systems, using bacterial, yeast and insect cells, have been utilized successfully for expression of P450s...
Annotation of the genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana has identified a diverse array of 245 full-length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) genes whose known functions span the synthetic gamut from critical structural components (phenylpropanoids, fatty acids, sterols) to signaling molecules (oxylipins, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, gibbere...
The honeybee genome has substantially fewer protein coding genes ( approximately 11 000 genes) than Drosophila melanogaster ( approximately 13 500) and Anopheles gambiae ( approximately 14 000). Some of the most marked differences occur in three superfamilies encoding xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes. Specifically there are only about half as many gl...
Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee Apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. Compared with other sequenced insect genomes, the A. mellifera genome has high A+T and CpG contents, lacks major transposon families, evolves more slowly, and is more similar to vertebrates for cir...
ARTICLES Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera The Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium* Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee Apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. Compared with other sequenced insect genomes, the A. mellifera genome...
Different procedures for obtaining homology models for P450s are investigated using various sequence alignments sharing various levels of sequence identity with available P450 crystal structures. In this analysis, we have investigated how well homology modeling can reproduce known crystal structures as well as how effectively these homology models...
Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., often thought to be extremely susceptible to insecticides in general, exhibit considerable variation in tolerance to pyrethroid insecticides. Although some pyrethroids, such as cyfluthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, are highly toxic to honey bees, the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate is low enough to warrant its use to control...
Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., often thought to be extremely susceptible to insecticides in general, exhibit considerable variation in tolerance to pyrethroid insecticides. Although some pyrethroids, such as cyfluthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, are highly toxic to honey bees, the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate is low enough to warrant its use to control...
Infestation of corn (Zea mays) by corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) predisposes the plant to infection by Aspergillus fungi and concomitant contamination with the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Although effects of ingesting AFB1 are well documented in livestock and humans, the effects on insects that naturally encounter this mycotoxin are...
Citations
... aromatic oxidation compared to the wild-type enzyme. [61] Interestingly, the same mutant facilitated the carbon-carbon cleavage reaction of α-hydroxyl ketones, Scheme 25. [62] Such CÀ C cleavage reactions are very interesting in steroid metabolism and could be employed in developing steroid-based drug agents. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/401909933461505-1472834203326_Q64/Rebecca-Chao.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272184115462167-1441905158845_Q64/Stephen-Bell-16.jpg)
... The two C. acuminata P450s, CYP72A564 and CYP72A565, can utilize both loganic acid and loganin to generate secologanic acid and secologanin. In contrast the C. roseus CYP72A1v3 metabolizes loganin but not loganic acid (Miller et al., 2021; Figure 1). ...
... Advances in our understanding of coevolution over the past 20 y have come from studying phenotype matching among replicate populations of diverse species thought to be under distinct ecological conditions or at different stages of coevolutionary escalation (5)(6)(7)(8). This population-level approach has recently been complemented by more mechanistic experiments mixing and matching host and enemy traits in experimental challenges (9)(10)(11)(12). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/967591870885895-1607703287464_Q64/Bernarda-Calla-2.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/11431281084573794-1663252268424_Q64/Charles-Antoine-Dean.jpg)
... Simple synthetic lipids in the form of liposomes, supported lipid bilayers, or nanodiscs are often utilized to investigate new antimicrobial compounds. However, they lack the intricate complexity observed in the native cell envelope (Denisov et al., 2004;Sezgin and Schwille, 2012;Akbarzadeh et al., 2013;Scheidelaar et al., 2015;Denisov et al., 2019;Jackman and Cho, 2020;Bailey-Hytholt et al., 2021). Incorporation of all native outer membrane components into synthetic model liposomes is a possible but laborious and expensive process (Prenner et al., 1999;Pirc and Ulrih, 2015;Elderdfi and Sikorski, 2018;Paulowski et al., 2020;Jakubec et al., 2021). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272410637238284-1441959165484_Q64/Ilia-Denisov.jpg)
... A BLAST search of the all genes recovered from Region01 and Region02 against the S. spontaneum genome (Zhang et al., 2018b) resulted in the recovery of the chromosome of each gene in S. spontaneum (see Supplementary Tables 2, 3). HP600 was found in chromosomes Chr2D, Chr3B, Chr3C and Chr3D from S. spontaneum. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/739235476807680-1553258880346_Q64/Jisen-Zhang-2.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/279698887200772-1443696819501_Q64/Xingtan-Zhang-2.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/838434868436992-1576909858413_Q64/Haibao-Tang.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/566295661903872-1512026815491_Q64/Qing-Zhang-123.jpg)
... For de novo assembly, we employed Hifiasm v.0.19.4 [42] with default settings, and the resulting primary contigs were used to construct the chromosome-level assembly using Hi-C reads. By mapping clean Hi-C reads to the draft contiglevel assembly with BWA v0.7.17 [43], we corrected contigs and scaffolded them with ALLHiC v0.9.13 [44] using recommended parameters. The interaction map was visualized and manually adjusted using JuiceBox v1.11.08 [45]. ...
... The crystal structure of loganic acid (LA) methyltransferase from Catharanthus roseus G.Don (CrLAMT) in complex with SAH and LA (PDB ID: 6C8R) has also been determined (Petronikolou et al., 2018); CrLAMT has an amino acid sequence identity of �32% with CbSAMT, and 6C8R has a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 2.5 Å with 1M6E. The LA binding site of CrLAMT is shown in Figure 3E; SAH and SA from 1M6E generated through the superposition of 6C8R and 1M6E are also given. ...
... Across the insect genome, the size of Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) gene superfamily varies widely. Changes in CYPome size are attributed to mutually adaptive radiation in insect detoxification genes in response to co-evolutionary radiation from plant biosynthetic genes driven by herbivores and their chemically defended host plants [15]. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272181112340509-1441904442507_Q64/Reed-Johnson.jpg)
... Oxidative phosphorylation plays an important role in energy metabolism and consists of various complexes such as NADH dehydrogenase. The transcript cox5a, studied here encodes an important protein of the cytochrome C oxidase complex [22]. Therefore, altered expression of these transcripts could be the molecular reason for changes in mitochondrial metabolism and reduced lifetime. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/470027183890432-1489074621438_Q64/Wenfu-Mao.jpg)
... PBO can also increase the efficacy of other insecticides, including neonicotinoids (Darriet & Chandre, 2013). It is well documented that PBO can synergize the toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides (e.g., cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, tau-fluvalinate) to honeybees (Johnson et al., 2006), as well as that of other pesticides like the organophosphate acaricide coumaphos, the pyrazole acaricide fenpyroximate (Johnson et al., 2013) and many neonicotinoids (Iwasa et al., 2004;Zhang et al., 2021). While PBO has low toxicity by itself, its prevalence in all bumblebees is concerning given the possible negative synergistic effects with other agrochemicals (Siviter, Bailes, et al., 2021). ...
