December 2023
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29 Reads
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December 2023
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29 Reads
June 2023
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23 Reads
January 2022
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50 Reads
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3 Citations
People typically enter their social interactions with preconceived beliefs and expectations about how other people will act and they often use these beliefs as guides for their own actions with these others. These actions, in turn, may prompt their interaction partners to behave in ways that confirm the initial beliefs. This phenomenon, in which belief creates reality, has been demonstrated for a wide variety of expectations. In this article, we review the extensive research literature, identifying the moderators and mediators that explain when and why self-fulfilling prophecies occur, as well as the practical and theoretical implications of these effects.
December 2018
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29 Reads
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1 Citation
October 2018
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639 Reads
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48 Citations
British Journal of Social Psychology
How does a major natural disaster relate to individuals’ orientation towards society? We collected repeated cross‐sectional surveys before (n = 644) and after the 2010 Chile earthquake (n = 1,389) to examine levels of national identity, prosocial values, helping motivations, and prosocial behaviours in the context of such a calamitous societal event. Our research questions, derived from the literature on helping in times of crisis, considered how natural disasters may implicate identity and prosociality, as well as how identity, prosocial values, and motivations are linked to prosocial action after a disaster. Higher levels of national identity, helping motivations, and disaster‐related helping were found after the earthquake, suggesting that in the aftermath of a disaster, people unite under a common national identity and are motivated to take action related to disaster relief. National identity and prosocial values were closely linked to helping after the earthquake, but specific helping motivations rarely predicted prosocial behaviours. Additionally, proximity to the epicentre was related to higher levels of national identity and participation in reconstruction efforts. These findings contribute to our understanding of people's responses to natural disasters and suggest ways of encouraging prosocial behaviour in the aftermath of unexpected tragic events.
August 2017
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2,221 Reads
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24 Citations
European Journal of Social Psychology
Research on helping behavior distinguishes between giving recipients the tools to solve problems for themselves (autonomy-oriented help) and direct solutions not requiring recipients’ involvement (dependency-oriented help). Across three studies, we examined whether individuals can be characterized by dispositional propensities toward offering autonomy-oriented and/or dependency-oriented help. In initial studies, factor analyses revealed the two hypothesized Helping Orientations Inventory scales along with an additional scale capturing opposition to helping, all acceptable in internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Study 1a – 1c). Next, we found that the three scales related in distinct ways to constructs from the intergroup (e.g., social dominance orientation) and interpersonal (e.g., empathic concern) helping literatures (Study 1d and 1e). Additionally, these orientations predicted satisfaction with volunteer behavior (Study 2) and interest in future volunteering (Study 3). Overall, people vary in their helping orientations, and these orientations implicate a range of variables relevant to intergroup and interpersonal helping.
July 2017
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15 Reads
June 2017
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169 Reads
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8 Citations
Personality and Individual Differences
Developing and maintaining a user base that actively contributes to an online community is often essential to a website's success. For many online communities, developing such a user-base can be challenge for web designers. Working from a functionalist perceptive, two studies explored how the individual difference of interdependent self-construal was related to participation and engagement in the online community MovieLens.org. In the first study, we found that those individuals high in interdependent self-construal were particularly unlikely to contribute to the website. In an attempt to increase the online engagement of this type of user, we then created an interactive web feature that tapped into the social motives of those high in interdependent self-construal. This feature allows users to create Top Five movie lists that can be shared with other users. In the second study, we found that interdependent self-construal was associated with more use of the Top Five lists feature, that using this feature was associated with more interest in seeing others' lists, which in turn predicted more interest in MovieLens. Implications for web design and psychological theory are discussed.
May 2016
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545 Reads
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24 Citations
Because volunteerism is a planned activity that unfolds over time, people who more frequently focus on the future might also be more likely to initiate volunteerism and sustain it over time. Using longitudinal (Study 1) and experimental (Study 2) paradigms, we investigated whether time perspective, and in particular a person's orientation toward the future, is related to volunteers' beliefs and behavior. In Study 1, a person's dispositional level of future time perspective was closely linked to volunteer beliefs and behavior. In Study 2, people who wrote about the future reported higher intentions to volunteer, and this was particularly true for infrequent volunteers and those with lower levels of dispositional future time perspective. Across two studies, we found evidence that future time perspective, whether a chronic disposition or a pattern of thought elicited by someone else, is linked to volunteer beliefs and behavior.
May 2016
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39,666 Reads
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111 Citations
Volunteerism and community involvement have been demonstrated to offer benefits both to communities and to volunteers themselves. However, not every method to encourage these behaviors is equally effective in producing committed volunteers. Drawing on relevant theoretical and empirical literatures, we identify features of efforts that are likely to produce intrinsically motivated other-oriented volunteers and those that may produce extrinsically motivated self-oriented volunteers. In particular, we explore ways to socialize young people to help and ways to build a sense of community focused on particular issues. We also examine requirements for community service and other approaches that highlight self-oriented benefits that volunteers may obtain. Finally, we return to a focus on the importance of intrinsic motivation for promoting sustained involvement in volunteers, even as we acknowledge that volunteers who come with extrinsic or self-oriented reasons can still offer much to communities and can be satisfied when their activities match their motivations.
... Este término se utiliza para referirse a situaciones que parten de una expectativa errónea respecto a dicha situación, esperándose unos resultados acordes a la expectativa generada. En el ámbito interpersonal, las expectativas hacia una persona conducen a ésta a tener una serie de comportamientos que favorecerán que se cumpla la expectativa que se tiene hacia su persona en un área determinada (Stukas & Snyder, 2013). Siguiendo con los autores, dichas expectativas están basadas en previas experiencias y en creencias derivadas de estereotipos sociales como son la edad, el género o la procedencia. ...
January 2022
... McAdams and St. Aubin (1992) highlighted that volunteerism can also be seen as the action of a person that results from a generative concern. Volunteerism is rooted in generativity, i.e., the desire to transmit what is considered to have value to future generations and to take care of the world (Snyder & Clary, 2004). In psychology literature, immigrant volunteerism has been investigated through the lens of generativity by only focusing on motivations and without considering asymmetries of power within contexts of reception. ...
January 2004
... Disasters due to forest destruction will occur continuously because restoration efforts cannot keep up with the rate of forest destruction due to forest encroachment (Farooq et al. 2020;Washaya et al. 2018). People's suffering due to natural disasters causes their motivation to change in living their daily lives (Benevolenza and DeRigne 2019; Maki et al. 2019), even though initially, they were very much concerned about forest safety. Changes in a person's intentions and motivations, both personally and communally, depend on the situation they face (Castelló et al. 2017;Righetti and Impett 2017). ...
October 2018
British Journal of Social Psychology
... As a result an increasing number of research projects are trying to understand people's support for and helping of refugees (Wagner, 2017). However, despite this social psychological interest in support for refugees, and in prosocial behavior (Stürmer & Snyder, 2010) and intergroup helping (Van Leeuwen & Zagefka, 2017) more generally, to date there is little systematic work on understanding why and when people act prosocially toward refugees and immigrants. ...
January 2010
... Prososyallik uzun yıllardır çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından araştırılmaya ve açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır (Stürmer & Snyder, 2010). Prososyal davranışlar, sosyoloji, psikoloji ve ekonomi gibi birçok alan ile ilişkili olduğu için bu kavramın kesin bir tanımını yapmak oldukça zordur. ...
November 2009
... independent) self-construal are more likely to experience FOMO (Dogan, 2019), and thus it could be expected that selfcentred individuals are less likely to experience FOMO than their less self-centred counterparts. Indeed, self-centred individuals have a heightened self-importance and are less likely to have an interdependent self-construal (Dambrun & Ricard, 2011;Epley et al., 2006;Moses et al., 2018). However, and in contrast to what could be predicted based on extant research using construal-level theory, the present study offers a contrasting viewpoint as to the role of FOMO in the relationship between self-centeredness and SMU. ...
June 2017
Personality and Individual Differences
... In humans, self-inspection (or self-monitoring) occurs in almost every aspect of social life, from public appearances and expressive control all the way to interpersonal relationships [16]. To adequately interpret social interactions, one should monitor one's own state and behaviour. ...
January 2009
... Moreover, Germans who identified with refugees showed more autonomy-oriented (hierarchy-challenging) help than Germans identifying with the German government which only went along with dependencyoriented (hierarchy-maintaining) help (Knab & Steffens, 2021). Since the potential for social change of autonomy-and dependency-oriented help is different (Subašić et al., 2008;Becker et al., 2019) and different preconditions may lead towards these types of solidarity-based attitudes and behaviors (Maki et al., 2017), we assess both types. Regarding donation behavior, participants were given the opportunity to donate (part of) their reimbursement to one humanitarian aid project. ...
August 2017
European Journal of Social Psychology
... The participants' transformed identity and decision to become volunteers are also related to their good feelings while volunteering, as it is known that volunteering is a positive activity that benefits both parties to the relationship (Cnaan & Amrofell, 1994;Snyder et al., 2004;Taylor, 2005). For example, some participants suggested that while working as volunteers they learned much about themselves, about others and about life in general, developed new skills and found new abilities within themselves. ...
January 2004
... In contrast to obligatory assistance that happens in the context of continuing relationships, volunteers often do not know the individuals they assist beforehand and have no previous obligations to assist them. To comprehend the phenomenology of volunteerism, researchers have uncovered a variety of interpersonal and personal motivations provided by volunteering, established inventories to appraise these motivations, and investigated their role in the mechanisms by which individuals initiate and maintain their engagement in voluntary assistance (Snyder & Maki, 2015). Independent factors that determine a person's propensity to volunteer were sex, geography, institution type, household income, and prior volunteering experience (Lazarus et al., 2021). ...
December 2015