Magali D'Angelo's research while affiliated with Instituto Geológico de São Paulo and other places

... This agrees with observations by D' Angelo (1998), who found that both bovine oocytes matured in vitro with BoHV-1 and those matured in the absence of the virus had indistinguishable morphology. This finding was also verified by Gonçalves et al. (2015), who also did not observe any morphological alterations in infected oocytes. ...

... Observation of a higher number Carvalho et al. (2007) of large follicles on the day of estrus and the number of CL on the day of flushing using trans-rectal ultrasonography indicates good ovarian and hormonal responses to superovulation treatment in buffalo. However, a poor number of the viable embryos might be due to several reasons such as difficulty in the ovum capture by the oviduct fimbria resulting from the turgidity of the genital system because of high estrogen level (Misra et al., 1998), failure of oocyte capture and/or of oocyte transport along the oviduct (Baruselli et al., 2000), the more fragile connection between the oocyte and granulosa cells (Gasparrini, 2002), the inability of fimbria to trap ova from enlarged superovulation ovary, a higher number of anovulatory follicles, a more rigid ovary-mesovarium connection and presence of a thicker infundibulum muscle layer (Carvalho et al., 2011;Carvalho et al., 2012) etc. Several reports on unsuccessful attempts to improve recovery rate by using recombinant bovine somatotropin to improve fragile connections between oocyte and granulosa (Carvalho et al., 2007) and by giving progesterone during the periovulatory period (Soares et al., 2013) indicates to further studies to find out the exact cause of this low efficiency in embryo recovery in buffaloes. ...

... neosporosis has emerged as one of the major causes of abortion in cattle worldwide, including in Brazil (dubey and Schares 2011;Cerqueira-Cézar et al. 2017). Embryonic loss caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum may be responsible for the increase in isolated economic losses for cattle producers (Sturaro et al. 2013;nicolino et al. 2015). parasitemia is reported quite frequently in the brain and the presence of cysts containing N. caninum bradyzoites is common in the Central nervous System (CnS) (dubey and Lindsay 1996). ...

... According to literature data, the individual microorganisms can successfully survive the low-temperature storage of semen in liquid nitrogen (-196 ° C), both in semen straws, as well as in liquid nitrogen and ice sediment in the containers for storage of bull frozen semen [9] . Several studies evaluated the contamination of bacterial pathogens such as [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Another's study isolated samples of Candida albicans in 9 and Citrobacter Freundi in 5 of 351 samples of deep frozen bull semen after thawing [17] . ...

... Other authors tested the removal of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) from experimentally infected semen samples, comparing Percoll gradient centrifugation, swim‐up, and a combination of swim‐up and Percoll gradient centrifugation. They reported that no virus was detected from the combination of techniques, whereas a low level of virus was found in the swim‐up preparation and a higher level in the Percoll preparation [61]. Using the " inner‐tube " method described previously for some of the bacterial studies, it was possible to substantially reduce virus titre in semen samples from stallions known to be shedding equine arteritis virus [62]. ...

... This low embryo yield is not the result of a poor follicular response to superstimulation or the failure of sufficient follicles to ovulate [10,12,15]. Rather, it would appear that only a small percentage of ovulated oocytes migrate to the oviducts [10,16,17]. It has been suggested that buffaloes may have an anatomical feature of the fimbriae-infundibulum that fails to capture a large proportion of oocytes [10,16]. ...

... In theory, antibiotics that are unable to penetrate biological membranes (such as gentamicin) would also not be 100% effective against bovine ureaplasmas because these microorganisms are capable of embedding themselves in sperm and blastocysts (42,102). Some alternatives to fight mycoplasmas are being developed, such as an enzymatic treatment (128), immunological methods (with the use of specific antibodies against the infectious agent) and photosensitive dyes and chemical compounds with germicidal effects (124,127,129). All of these alternatives can contribute to the development of effective control methods against molicutes that infect semen and embryos destined for AI and embryo transfer. ...