Liangwu Bi's research while affiliated with Chinese Academy of Forestry and other places

... With the further development of vitrimer materials, a number of dynamic covalent bonds are expected to enable the degradation of the material. Ester-exchange based vitrimer materials can be degraded by hydroxyl-ester exchange, but the ester-exchange reaction often requires the addition of additional catalysts, some of which lead to reduced mechanical properties and higher costs [28,29]. Imine-exchange based vitrimer materials can be degraded by imine-imine exchange, but imine-based vitrimer is more sensitive to the environment and tends to decompose in environments with high water content, making it di cult to use in complex environments with harsh conditions [30,31]. ...

... The development of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs) has addressed the challenges related to the self-healing, recycling, and degradation of thermoset resins [14][15][16]. In 2011, Leibler et al. introduced "Vitrimer" materials [17], a class of polymers with reversible dynamic covalent bonds (such as ester exchange [18][19][20], alkyl exchange [21,22], disul de bonds [23,24], boronic ester bonds [25,26], ole n metathesis [27], etc.). These materials maintain permanent covalent networks and demonstrate excellent solvent resistance and dimensional stability through dynamic covalent bond exchange. ...

... Innovative control techniques significantly depart from traditional static control methods in the realm of SMART (self-monitoring, analyzing, and reporting technology) materials-based energy conversion and storage systems. These pioneering approaches leverage real-time data analysis, adaptive algorithms, and predictive modeling to optimize energy capture, conversion, storage, and overall system performance [42]. The fusion of SMART materials with intelligent control systems presents a distinct opportunity for heightened flexibility, efficiency, and longevity. ...

... Covalently bonded tertiary amine groups (NR3) acting as base catalysts for dynamic exchange have recently been introduced to develop self-catalytic vitrimers 20,21 . NR3 groups can be incorporated within a network by using amino glycidyl precursors [21][22][23][24] , primary 20,[24][25][26][27] or tertiary amine-containing 28,29 curing agents, or also through aza-Michael addition 15,30,31 . The position of the catalytic group within the polymer backbone has a significant impact on the kinetics of exchange. ...

... The data relating to the thermal stability of various vitrimers are summarized in Table 2. Noticeably, the vitrimer samples exhibit excellent thermal stability, and the thermal stability (initial degradation temperature: T 5% −T 10% ) in this study (300−350°C) is higher than those of other reports. 1,30,31 Specifically, the T 5% and T 10% of vitrimers are well within 294−342 and 353−371°C, respectively. Furthermore, TGDOM-TTMA has the highest char residue at 800°C due to its highest cross-linking density. ...

... Several studies [13][14][15] have reported the positive health effects of walnut kernels or walnut oil [14], which are rich in nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, minerals, and lipids, but very few studies analyzed the composition of the shell in terms of bioactive compounds [16,17], and how this composition varies depending on the processing conditions. Fatty acids are beneficial for human health and can be employed for biofuel synthesis. ...

... Alkylated amines and their derivatives are prevalent moieties found in various natural products and have wide applications in agrochemicals, [1] pharmaceuticals, [2] and material science (Figure 1). [3] Although several methods are available in the literature, for synthesizing alkyl-amines including reductive methods, [4] carbon-nitrogen cross-coupling reactions, [5] N-alkylation with an alkyl halide, [6] etc. most of these reports suffer from drawbacks such as long and tedious reaction protocol, [7] requirement of expensive alkyl halides as alkylating agents, [8] generations of the stoichiometric amount of waste, [9] low atom efficiency, [10] narrow substrate scope, [11] and over alkylation. ...

... Metalloporphyrins have been widely used as impressive catalysts in broad chemical reactions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], including hydroxylation [8,9], epoxidation [10,11], reduction of nitric oxide [12], oxidation of sulfides [13], radical reactions [14,15], halogenation [16], cycloaddition [17,18], and reduction [19,20]. During the application of metalloporphyrins, the characterization of reactive intermediates is of great importance for the understanding of reaction mechanism. ...

... In 2019, Lu et al. [93] provided a route to produce a new bio-renewable resin. Isopimaric acid, methyl isopimarate and allyl isopimarate were synthesized and used for UV-curing. ...

... The molecular properties can be improved through the design leveraging the double bonds and carboxylic acid groups in the rosin structure. Lu et al. [18] thought the introduction of rosin structure into polymer films could enhance adhesion and mechanical properties, particularly emphasizing strength and flexibility. Furthermore, Luo et al. [19] synthesized bio-based rosin-modified diallyl phthalate oligomers (RS-DAP), and their findings revealed that the incorporation of the rigid structure of the rosin moiety could enhance the UV curing rate, gelation ratio, hardness, and chemical resistance of the cured film. ...