Liangmin Yu's research while affiliated with Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM) and other places

Publications (330)

Article
The demand for non-toxic antifouling coatings has led to the development of multifunctional antifouling coatings. In this work, a series of coumarin acids with fluorescence were first prepared via the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Then, multifunctional zinc acrylate resins were produced successfully by employing an acrylic acid monomer, ZnO, a...
Article
Marine biofouling profoundly affects the economic viability of the marine sector. With a view towards addressing this issue, this work reported the successful development of smart photo-responsive and thermo-responsive antibiofouling coatings by combining photothermally-active polyaniline (PANI) with temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide...
Article
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In order to reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is of great practical significance to develop water‐based self‐polishing antifouling coatings instead of traditional acrylic self‐polishing antifouling coatings. However, when preparing film forming matrix resin emulsions for water‐based antifouling coatings, the use of emulsif...
Article
Multi-element-doped carbons are actively being pursued as efficient lightweight microwave absorbers. In this work, metal, nitrogen and chlorine codoped carbons (metal,N,Cl–C, where metals = Ni, Co, Mn, or Zn) were synthesized through the high-temperature carbonization of polypyrrole doped with hydrochloric acid (PPy-HCl) and prepared in the presenc...
Article
Biofouling is a major problem in the marine sector, motivating the development of environmentally friendly antifouling coatings. In this study, MoS2/g-C3N4/PANI-CAS (PGM) coatings with excellent photoelectric properties were successfully prepared by a simple physical grinding method, with the antibacterial inhibition performance of the coatings eva...
Article
Cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) stand as critical elemental in organic solar cells (OSCs), which can align energy levels, and foster ohmic contacts between the cathode and active layer of the OSCs. Nevertheless, the lagging advancement in CIMs has concurrently engendered the oversight of theoretical inquiries pertaining to the impact of molecu...
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This study addresses the challenge of designing simple and environmentally friendly methods for the preparation of effective electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with tailored microstructures and multi‐component regulation. N, O doped walnut‐like porous carbon composite microspheres loaded with FeCo nanoparticles (WPCM/Fe–Co) are synthesi...
Article
A series of charge transfer cocrystals with fluorescent properties involving 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB, C10H2N4) as the acceptor, fluorene (FR, C13H10) and its bromide 2-bromofluorene (2-BrFR, C13H9Br), carbazole (CZ, C12H9N) and its...
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Sorption‐based moisture management and evaporative cooling represent emerging technologies with substantial potential for energy‐saving personal thermal management (PTM). However, design of high‐performance and durable hygroscopic composites combining efficient heat dissipation with wearing comfort presents significant challenges. Herein, hygroscop...
Article
So far, the recombination center of photo‐generated carriers caused by surface defects in ZnO results in poor thickness tolerance and inefficient charge extraction, severely limiting the performance and stability of inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). Therefore, we fabricated hybrid cathode interfacial layers (CILs) in devices by doping naphthalim...
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Marine resources in unique marine environments provide abundant, cost-effective natural biomaterials with distinct structures, compositions, and biological activities compared to terrestrial species. These marine-derived raw materials, including polysaccharides, natural protein components, fatty acids, and marine minerals, etc., have shown great po...
Article
Antifouling coatings for marine use are a widely employed method for controlling the settlement and growth of unwanted aquatic organisms on surfaces. In this study, indole derivative N-(1H-5-bromo indole-3-ylmethyl) acrylamide (BIAM)-functionalized polythiourethane (PTU)/tetrapodal shaped zinc oxide (t-ZnO) nano-composites (PTU/BIAM/t-ZnO) were syn...
Article
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Adhesives and water exhibit a conflicting correlation as indicated by the failure of most synthetic adhesives in submerged and humid environments. Development of instant, strong, reversible, and long‐lasting adhesives that can adhere to wet surfaces and function in underwater environments presents a formidable challenge, yet it is of paramount impo...
Article
Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials offer great promise as microwave absorbers. However, template−free methods for synthesizing porous carbon materials rich in heteroatoms (N,F,B and S), necessary for tuning impedance matching and optimizing attenuation losses, need to be dicovered. In this article, we report the successful preparation of poro...
Article
Multi−component absorbers can improve microwave absorption performance by incorporating multiple loss mechanisms. However, many multi−component absorbers containing magnetic metal-based nanomaterials are unstable, owing to aggregation and oxidation of metal nanomaterials. In this work, (Fe0.64Ni0.36@C/Mo2C@C)@N−C composites were prepared by mixing...
Article
Two‐Dimensional (2D) materials have attracted immense attention in recent years. These materials have found their applications in various fields, such as catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, and sensing, as they exhibit excellent physical, chemical, electronic, photonic, and biological properties. Recently, researchers have focused on constructin...
Article
Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization. In our work, a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers (ACZn-x) were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid, zinc oxide (ZnO) and a random quaternion copolymer consisting of ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA) and methac...
Article
Nowadays, multifunction is regarded as an advanced development direction of new-generation electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) materials to fulfill the ever-growing demands in complex environment and situation. Environmental pollution and electromagnetic pollution are all difficult problems for human beings all the time. Now, there is no multifu...
Chapter
Nanocellulose already proved to be a highly relevant material for biomedical applications, ensued by its outstanding mechanical properties and, more importantly, its biocompatibility. Nevertheless, despite their previous intensive research, a notable number of emerging applications are still being developed. Interestingly, this drive is not solely...
Article
Full-text available
Electrochemical dopamine (DA) sensors become important for early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease due to their fast response, simplicity, and portability. However, traditional electrode modification materials such as noble metals and metal oxides have shortcomings such as high cost, low conductivity, or...
Article
Solar‐powered interfacial heating has emerged as a sustainable technology for hybrid applications with minimal carbon footprints. Aerogels, hydrogels, and sponges/foams are the main building blocks for state‐of‐the‐art photothermal materials. However, these conventional three‐dimensional (3D) structures and related fabrication technologies intrinsi...
Article
The drug resistance of bacteria seriously reduces the recovery rate of general disease and endangers human health. Consequently, it is urgent to investigate a non-antibiotic antibacterial material. Recently, two-dimensional MXene has shown good antibacterial properties and received extensive attention due to the large number of active sites, extrem...
Article
Treatment of large gaps in peripheral nerves is a major clinical challenge. Artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have provided new opportunities for guiding nerve regeneration. In this study, multifunctional black phosphorus (BP) hydrogel NGCs loaded with neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) were fabricated to support peripheral-nerve regeneration: they exhibi...
Article
This work demonstrates a sensitive and stable solid contact ion selective electrode (SC-ISE) constructed using a polyaniline intercalated hydrophobic montmorillonite composite (PANI-DMT) as a solid transduction layer for the detection of lead ions. A detection limit of 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M and fast potential response (<5 s) were realized using the GC/PANI-...
Article
Novel multisubstituted dopamine derivatives were synthesized and their ability to protect carbon steel in 1 M HCl was investigated by combining electrochemistry, surface analysis and theoretical calculations. The results showed that 91.53% inhibition could be obtained by adding 0.1 g/L of dopamine derivatives at 298 K. Potentiodynamic polarization...
Article
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Polyacrylamide‐based hydrophobically associating polymers (HAPAM) containing capsaicin derivatives and itaconic acid with acrylamide (AM) and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the main bodies, and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as the functional monomer are prepared by a one‐pot synthesis of the soap‐free emulsion polymerization process. The structure is charact...
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Pyroptosis, systemic inflammation, and mitochondrial apoptosis are the three primary contributors to sepsis's multiple organ failure, the ultimate cause of high clinical mortality. Currently, the drugs under development only target a single pathogenesis, which is obviously insufficient. In this study, an acid-responsive hollow mesoporous polydopami...
Article
Biofouling is a critical issue for ion selective electrodes (ISE) in complex aqueous systems, seriously compromising the analytical performance of the electrodes (i.e., stability, sensitivity, and lifetime). Herein, an antifouling solid lead ion selective electrode (GC/PANI-PFOA/Pb2+-PISM) was successfully prepared by adding propyl 2-(acrylamidomet...
Article
In this study, we designed a simple green preparation method and synthesized polymer-derived N,O-doped bowl-like hollow carbon microspheres (BHCMs) to improve their electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Using copolymerized microspheres of allyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile (P(AMA-AN)) synthesized through soap-free emulsion polymerization a...
Article
Porous and layered structures can enhance interfacial polarization, and hierarchical porous composites have high dielectric loss, which can improve electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance, but challenges remain. In this paper, flower-like Ni/C nanocomposites with different morphologies were obtained by adjusting the amount of solvent and...
Article
Heterojunctions based on conjugated polymers (PHJs) are of promise as photocatalysts. Here, we fabricate the two-dimensional benzodithiophene (BDT) and thieno[2,3-f]benzofuran (TBF) based conjugated polymers/g-C3N4 PHJs creatively using the symmetry-breaking strategy. PD1 and PD3 with the asymmetric backbone TBF have better crystallinity. Moreover,...
Article
Environmental humidity and thermal control are of primary importance for fighting global warming, growing energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting is an emerging technology with great potential in clean water production and passive cooling applications. However, sorption-based humidity management...
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Calcium overload and ROS overproduction, two major triggers of acute kidney injury (AKI), are self‐amplifying and mutually reinforcing, forming a complicated cascading feedback loop that induces kidney cell “suicide” and ultimately renal failure. There are currently no clinically effective drugs for the treatment of AKI, excluding adjuvant therapy....
Chapter
Antimicrobial hydrogels have been extensively studied for wound management, owing to their high water content, lower wound adherence, promoted autolysis debridement, epithelial migration, and granulation growth. A wide range of antimicrobial hydrogels have been developed as a result of recent advances in materials science, biotechnology, and a bett...
Article
Calcium overload is one of the early determinants of the core cellular events that contribute to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI), which include oxidative stress, ATP depletion, calcium overload, and inflammatory response with self-amplifying and interactive feedback loops that ultimately lead to cellular injury and renal failure. Excl...
Article
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Oligonucleotide-based therapy has experienced remarkable development in the past 2 decades, but its broad applications are severely hampered by delivery vectors. Widely used viral vectors and lipid nanovectors are suffering from immune clearance after repeating usage or requiring refrigerated transportation and storage, respectively. In this work,...
Article
Simple and efficient preparation methods and structural designs broaden the synthetic paths and absorption performance of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. In this paper, a soap-free lotion polymerization method and a seed polymerization method were used to prepare three-layer composite microspheres with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as th...
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Liquid‐crystal small molecule donor (LC‐SMD) is a new type organic semiconductor, which is attractive not only for the easy synthesis and purification, well‐defined chemical structures, etc., but also for the LC state that makes the crystallinity and aggregation state of molecules adjustable. Here, one new LC‐SMD (a‐BTR‐H4) is synthesized with 1D a...
Article
This study found that the cross-linkable zinc acrylic nanosphere aggregates (NAs) as precursors were successfully prepared by a simple one-step synthesis route, and Zn,O dopped-carbon nanocomposites were obtained through temperature-controllable engineering, which showed excellent adsorption capacities for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). A series of...
Article
Conjugated donor (D)–acceptor (A) polymer heterojunctions have developed as attractive photocatalysts. However, it is a great difficulty in precisely keeping the batch-to-batch reproducibility of polymers and controlling the related photocatalytic activity. Herein, three ladder-like small molecules BTx (BT2F, BTORCAE, and BTORIC2Cl) are synthesized...
Article
Epoxy resin is an important material used in anticorrosive metal coatings. However, due to the requirements of harsh environments, improving the anticorrosion performance of epoxy resin is increasingly challenging. In this article, acrylate copolymers were successfully prepared by simple radical polymerization and further used as functional fillers...
Article
In this work, we designed and synthesized two “A-π-A” structural small molecules based on N-dimethylaminopropyl-1,8-naphthalimide with π-bridge, namely 4,4'-(thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis(2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione) (ONTN) and 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione...
Article
Solar-powered interfacial evaporation has emerged as an innovative and sustainable technology for clean water production. However, the rapid, mass and shape-controlled fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) steam generators (SGs) for versatile hybrid applications remains challenging. Herein, composite aerogel beads with self-contained properties (i....
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Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) nanosheets with high photothermal conversion efficiency as well as photothermal stability can efficiently generate remarkable hyperthermia for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. However, mono-MXenes cannot exhibit precise diagnosis and treatment to complete ablation of cancer cells...
Article
Development of photovoltaic (PV)-derived hybrid power systems can overcome the weather-dependent electricity production and increase the amount of dispatchable renewable energy generation. Herein, monolithic hybrid devices are developed via rational integration of high-performance semitransparent polymer solar cells (ST-PSCs) and liquid−solid tribo...
Article
The evidence from many studies shows that antifoulants (Cu2O) and organic antifouling agents with broad-spectrum characteristics in antifouling coatings cause varying degrees of damage to the environment. Therefore, this study prepared Cu2O-free self-polishing antifouling coatings based on amide derivatives inspired by capsaicin (ADIC-CSAC) with gr...
Article
For efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), fill factors (FFs) play a significant role in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), which are closely related to molecular stacking and the active layer morphology. For polymer design, a feasible strategy to solve this problem is constructing irregular conjugated backbones, such as generating random terpoly...
Article
Carbon-based materials, as one of the most important electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, face the main problem of narrow effective absorption bandwidth. Here, carbon aerogels modified by carbon microspheres with different morphologies were prepared by controlling reaction parameters and carbonization process. The integral pouring method was p...
Article
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The 3D steam generator with cold evaporation surface (CES) provides a means for high‐efficiency interfacial steam generation due to the low heat loss and continuous ambient energy input. However, the poor floating stability of CES steam generators when suffering wave slamming has limited their practical application in open water. Herein, a cellulos...
Article
A series of molecules with imide units bridged by the core of thiophene-based groups, namely N-dimethylaminopropyl-4-thiophene-1,8- naphthalimide (NT), bis(N-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-thiophene-1,8-naphthalimide (NTN), and bis(N-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bithiophene-1,8-naphthalimide (N2TN), have been reported as cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) to r...
Article
In this study, N-hydroxymethylbenzamide was alkylated with various aromatic compounds to obtain five novel benzamide derivatives containing capsaicin (BDCC), and the BDCC were incorporated into coatings as auxiliary agents. The relationships between properties and structures were discussed based on experimental and theoretical results. The theoreti...
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Shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) is often projected in response to public health emergencies such as infection outbreaks and pandemics. Respiratory protective devices (RPDs), namely medical face masks and respirators, are considered the last defense for the front-line healthcare workers. Cleaning, decontamination and reuse of the dis...
Article
Fused electron acceptor units play a significant role in donor materials for organic solar cells (OSCs). This paper introduces the fused dithieno[3′,2':3,4; 2″,3'':5,6]benzo[1,2-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT) units into the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione (BDT-BDD) backbones to synthesize terpolymers. The photov...
Article
Polyphenols, as widely existing natural bioactive products, provide a vast array of advanced biomedical applications attributing to their potential health benefits that linked to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective function, etc. The polyphenol compounds could dynamically interact and bind with divers...
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Diverse gases (NO, CO, H2S, H2, etc.) have been widely applied in the medical intervention of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, ischemia‐reperfusion injury, bacterial infection, etc., attributing to their inherent biomedical activities. Although many gases have many biomedical activities, their clinical use is still limite...
Article
Long-term and green marine antifouling coatings are an important means to prolong the service life of ships and other marine instruments and equipment. To accomplish this, we prepared three new green and high-efficiency antifouling coatings containing phthalimide derivatives inspired by capsaicin (PDIC-AC) by using a collaborative strategy that inc...
Article
The current energy and environmental crises are driving the burgeoning demand for efficient and reliable energy storage devices. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are currently considered to be promising candidates because of their excellent safety in operation and low cost. However, the real-world application of ZIBs has been impeded by the lack o...
Article
For the cathode interface layer (CIL) in organic solar cells (OSC), its molecule quantum chemistry properties are important for the transportation and collection of electrons. The common CIL molecule PDINO has high local polarity and severely separated molecule orbitals, which limits intramolecular charge transfer. To enhance CIL, we design and syn...
Article
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Facile fabrication of rapid, firm, and reversible underwater adhesion used on different adherets is challenging but is of primary importance for many industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, tough, stretchy, moldable, and semitransparent gels are developed for self‐contained underwater adhesives. The selected structural components, well‐defi...
Article
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To address trade-off and membrane-fouling challenges during the development of nanofiltration membranes, a thin-film composite membrane was prepared on the basis of interfacial polymerization regulated by adjusting the capsaicin-derived self-polymer poly N-(2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio) benzyl) acrylamide (PHMTBA) on the polysulfone substrate in this st...
Article
Lipophilic monomer tackifying hydrogel with good adhesion ability on organic substrates prepared in oily systems contain a large number of volatile organic compounds(VOCs). In this study, lipophilic monomer tackifying hydrogel prepolymers were fabricated in an aqueous system by soap-free emulsion polymerization to solve the above problems. The effe...
Article
Constructing polymer heterojunction (PHJ) has emerged as an alternative to pursue excellent photocatalytic sterilization and contaminant degradation performance. Herein, the antibacterial carbazole unit is employed as the side chain of benzodithiophene. Besides, the main chain copolymerization strategy is adopted to tune the light absorption and ex...
Article
Structure design and assembly control are the two key factors in designing new microwave absorbing materials and improving their electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) performance; however, balancing the coordination between these factors remains a great challenge. In this manuscript, a coprecipitation method and an in-situ polymerization method we...
Article
Full-text available
There is growing interest in porous multi-component composites as efficient electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) materials at microwave frequencies. Herein, a novel spray phase inversion method was used to fabricate porous composites containing 1D polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers and 1D nickel nanochains (Ni-NC) in hollow polyvinylidene fluoride (PVD...
Article
Heterogeneous interface engineering for enhanced interfacial polarization is becoming a popular strategy for improving the performance of electromagnetic wave absorbers (EMWA). In this work, composite Co/NC/MoxC/NC nanoflowers containing both Co@N-doped carbon and MoxC@N-doped carbon were synthesized using a combination of in-situ polymerization an...

Citations

... For example, ergosterol has antifungal properties demonstrated against filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium digitatum, among others [159]. In fact, Li et al. [176] showed that ergosterol inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori, the main etiological agent associated with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcers [177]. Ergosterol also affects the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent that causes Chagas disease, as ergosterol permeabilizes the plasma and mitochondrial membranes, causing the death of the parasite. ...
... Novel dopamine hydrochloridemodified hydrophobic association polymers exhibit not only good comprehensive properties based on their porous network structures but also excellent viscosity [40]. Considering the damage to formations caused by residue after fracturing flowback, green and clean nanocomposite friction reducers have been developed, showing excellent properties such as non-toxicity, non-hazardousness, and resistance to salt and temperature [41]. Emulsion-based slickwater fracturing fluids exhibit rapid viscosity buildup, eliminating the need for pre-mixing; exhibit continuous blending units; and offer good viscoelastic properties, thus reducing operational costs. ...
... Considering the application scenarios of hydrogel marine coatings, dual-network hydrogels prove particularly well-suited [16,[19][20][21][22][23]. They ensure the stability of the gel coatings over extended periods, even under diverse underwater conditions, thereby offering prolonged protection to the substrate [24]. ...
... (a) Schematic illustration of air-assisted electrospinning of all-polymer hygroscopic fabrics. (b)Schematic illustration and digital photographs of allpolymer hygroscopic fabrics with breathability, durability, stretchability, and washability for rapid and reliable evaporation cooling and thermal management developed in the study[15]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH.由于其在高湿度环境中稳定的纳米纤维结构,所制备的织物可以在较宽的 ...
... Amide-modified gallic acid exhibits free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and demonstrates superior iron-reducing antioxidant power compared to vitamin C [121]. Gallic acid molecules with carboxylic anions that donate electrons are significantly more effective DPPH scavengers than pyrogallol molecules [122]. ...
... Rich in -OH and -COOH groups, they exhibit a strong affinity for pollutant molecules, enabling rapid removal of contaminants from wastewater via mechanisms such as electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, and hydrogen bonding [26]. Chen et al. [27] synthesized magnetic SA/CMC interpenetrating network gel spheres capable of adsorbing dyes DV51 and DR23 at capacities of up to 2782 mg/g and 2868 mg/g, respectively, in neutral environments. Similarly, Ren et al. [28] developed SA CMC gel pellets which demonstrated a remarkable Pb 2+ adsorption capacity, reaching up to 1.73 g/g. ...
... Most identified or strategies under research focus on prevention or denaturation of biofilm in the early stage of formation, mainly by avoiding the adhesion of particles or cells from the environment on the studied surface. These strategies include the application of nanomaterials, which benefits from their physical properties, such as silver nanoparticle [16,17], titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) [18][19][20][21][22][23], and zinc oxide [24][25][26][27][28][29], the modification of surface with protein-resistant polymers [30][31][32], or slippery liquid-infused porous method [33] or self-assembled monolayers, which is able to control the adhesion through steric repulsion [34][35][36][37][38] and the immobilization of hydrolytic enzymes on the studied surface [39][40][41][42][43]. Despite the effectiveness of certain strategies, limited research has provided comprehensive elucidation of the molecular and physical interactions occurring during the adhesion process. ...
... The Ti 2p core-level spectrum of pristine TiO 2 has two prominent peaks with binding energies (BEs) of 459.02 and 464.71 eV ( figure 5(a)). They correspond respectively to 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 peaks of Ti 4+ [57]. This indicates that the titanium in pristine TiO 2 is in its standard, +4 oxidation state [47,58,59]. ...
... The design of adhesive joints involves a complex interplay of factors, including adhesive selection, joint configuration, and loading conditions [3]. Despite significant progress, challenges persist, necessitating a critical examination of current design practices [4]. This MDPI Special Issue entitled "Design of Adhesive Bonded Joints" serves as a platform to explore the limitations and opportunities in bonded joint design, emphasizing adhesives, joint characterization, experimental and analytical analyses, and predictive modeling. ...
... As shown in Fig. S1, all membranes exhibited higher salt rejections (5.6-13.6 %) when treating the model dye/salt mixtures, compared to their performances in single salt solutions (mentioned above). The dye molecules are readily deposited onto the membrane surface or even into the membrane pores because of van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, or electrostatic interactions, forming a cake layer that hinders salt passage [39][40][41]. Notably, the salt rejection in the MB series solutions was slightly higher than that in the CR series solutions, suggesting that MB molecules may be more inclined to interact with salts, thereby hindering salt transport. ...