Katsu Takahashi's research while affiliated with Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital and other places

... In the Japanese population, the frequency is 6.8% for hypodontia and 0.1% for oligodontia 3 . The etiology of congenital tooth agenesis has been investigated, and several causative genes have been identified [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . Many genes have been reported as etiologic agents of tooth agenesis, including MSX1, PAX9, LRP6, WNT10A, and WNT10B 13 . ...

... In the Japanese population, the frequency is 6.8% for hypodontia and 0.1% for oligodontia 3 . The etiology of congenital tooth agenesis has been investigated, and several causative genes have been identified [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . Many genes have been reported as etiologic agents of tooth agenesis, including MSX1, PAX9, LRP6, WNT10A, and WNT10B 13 . ...

... Suppression of the function of this gene leads to arrested development of the tooth. In mice models, tooth arrested development was rescued via double-knockout of RUNX-2 and USAG-1 [156]. This suggest that targeted molecular therapy could generate teeth by stimulating arrested tooth germs in patients with congenital tooth agenesis [157]. ...

... Presence of a supernumerary tooth may cause displacement or impaction of the adjacent permanent teeth [9]. Several theories have been postulated to explain the development and formation of supernumerary teeth, including their potential function as an alternative replacement of normal permanent teeth [12,30]; however, the definitive etiology and main function of supernumerary teeth, especially at cellular and molecular levels, remains unclear [2,[4][5][6][7]10]. ...

... Interestingly, a decrease in the proportion of variant-bearing cells has been proposed as a potential mechanism for the established agerelated reduction in FD lesion activity, which is associated with reduced skeletal complications in adulthood. 18,21,22 This finding suggested that targeting Gα s variant expression is a potential therapeutic strategy for FD and may contribute to the clinical improvements observed with denosumab treatment. 4,23 However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine the mechanisms by which denosumab affects Gα s expression. ...

... Another interesting point of view is comparing and analyzing the differences between sexes after orthognathic surgeries. A retrospective study by Dahy et al. found that male patients have a higher risk of developing OSA after mandibular setback surgery while females have a higher risk after bimaxillary surgery [28]. One of the possible explanations for these differences are purely morphological; several studies found that females have smaller pharyngeal airways [29][30][31]. ...

... *, p< 0.05; **, p< 0.01; ***, p< 0.001; n.s., no significance in comparison with control group. See alsoFigure S4. genes (SEMA4B, SEMA3A, KDM3A, HMGA2, 37 SEMA3F, SOX9, 26 RUNX2,38 MYB, SHC4, NRTN, EPCAM, 31 SEMA3G, SEMA6) ( ...

... However, the virtual footplates could not be contoured to conform to the 3D models, and the requirement of strong 3D visualization capabilities increased the difficulty of establishing the required vectors of movement during the VSP procedure ( Figure 7) (18, 19). On the contrary, prebending footplates and simulating distraction on the 3Dprinted patient skull phantom were more intuitive for surgeons (19)(20)(21). The CAD/CAM splint's low cost-efficient and excessive tissue dissection for its placement were another two issues that limited its clinical application (22)(23)(24). ...

... On a standard lateral cephalogram, both hard and soft tissues, including the mandible, tongue, and pharynx can be visualized. Thus, this technique is also used to evaluate skeletal abnormalities and upper airway patency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [8,12,13]. ...

... A recent phenotypegenotype study investigated the association between sella turcica phenotype and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the members of the winglesstype MMTV integration site family (WNT), the study found an association between WNT10A with the calcification phenotypes of the sella turcica [16]. Interestingly, WNT10A have been also associated with dental agenesis [17,18], supporting the hypothesis that the connection between sella turcica and dental alterations comes from a common genetic background. Dental alterations and sella turcica patters are polygenic conditions, in which several genes play a role on the development of these structures. ...